某武警部队战士营养知识态度行为调查及干预研究
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摘要
目的了解部队战士营养知识、态度及行为状况,并分析其影响因素,再对其进行有针对性的教育,加强部队战士的营养基础知识水平,端正其饮食态度,正确引导其纠正不良行为,促进身体健康,提高整个部队的全面建设和作战力的提高；而部队战士又来自祖国的四面八方,等服役期满又会回到原籍,因此提高他们的营养基础知识水平,端正其饮食态度,正确引导其纠正不良行为,不仅能促进其身体健康,将来回到原籍又可以带动其周边人群的营养知识、态度及行为的提高。
内容调查内容包括：一般资料营养知识营养态度营养行为
方法采用不记名问卷调查法。调查以连为单位,采用现场发放、现场填写、现场收回的方式,对武警某部队战士进行了营养知识、态度及行为状况的调查。随后以授大课的方式针对营养基础知识进行干预。二十日后再次发放问卷进行调查。共发放问卷600份,收回的有效问卷544份,有效收回率为90.7%。调查对象均为男性,年龄15～30(20.1±1.6)岁。
结果武警部队战士在干预前的23道营养知识问题的回答正确率最高的仅为66.0%,最低仅16.9%,只有8道题的正确率超过50.0%,及格(答对60.0%以上)的战士为76人,占调查对象的14.0%,说明战士的营养知识极度匮乏；干预后的回答正确率最高的为100%,最低为93.0%,干预后544名战士全部及格(答对60.0%以上)；在态度方面,干预前的人群及格率为55.9%,干预后的人群及格率为100%,说明战士态度积极,更加深刻的认识到掌握营养知识的重要性；行为方面,干预前仅有3道题的期望回答率超过50.0%,干预后调查间隔时间较短,营养行为没有进行调查统计,但从干预后的营养态度来看100%的战士愿意为健康而改变自己不良的饮食行为。
结论部队战士对营养基本知识极为匮乏,但战士对营养知识有较强的求知欲望,在对部队战士的教育中应合理地、科学地加入营养基础知识的教育,并正确引导战士的营养态度及行为,促进广大基层官兵的身体健康,提高部队的全面建设,保证部队的战斗力。在日后复原回到原籍也能把所学到的营养知识传播给周边的人,有助于提高全民的营养知识水平。
Purpose:To investigate the armed police soldiers on knowledge, attitude and behavior in nutrition, and to analyze the impacting factors on them. Then the lectures of basic nutrition were given to the soldiers, in order to make them understand the basic knowledge of nutrition, upright their food attitude, guide them to rectify bad behavior and promote the healthy body, raise the overall construction of the whole troops and the exaltation of the battle dint. The armed police soldiers come from various parts of the country, and will return to their hometown respectively when the service period is over. So learning more nutrition knowledge can not only promote their health but also have the exaltation in level of nutrition knowledge and cultivate the attitude and the habit for everyone around.
Content:Contents of survey include general data, nourishment knowledge, nourishment attitude and nourishment behavior.
Method:Cluster sampling was employed in this study. Some armed police soldiers were included as the object of study. A self-developed questionnaire about the knowledge, attitudes and behavior were investiged from these armed police soldiers. Nutrition intervention was made by giving a presentation on nutrition knowledge, and the same questionnaire was asked to fill again 20 days later.600 questionnaires were sent out and 544 available questionnaires were retrieved (response rate was 90.7%). The subjects for this investigation are male. Ages for these samples range from 15 to 30 years old (20.06±1.6). The questionnaire were sent out, filled in, collected on the spot and remained anonymous.
Result:The hightest right selection rate among 25 basic nutrition questions is 66.0%, the lowest 16.9% before intervention. There were only 8 questions that the right selection rates were more than 50%. There were 76 objects (14%) whose right selection rate was above 60%. It showed that the soldiers are extremely shortage in basic nutrition knowledge. After intervention, the right selection rates of all questions range from 93% to 100%. The right selection rate to basic nutrition knowledge of all soldiers is more than 60%. The result showed that the soldiers hope to learn more nutrition knowledge. About the attitude questions, the correctness rate was 55.9% before intervention and 100% after intervention. In behavior, there are 3 questions that their expectation answer rate was above 50% before intervention. Because there was insufficient time between two investigation, the questions about behavior had not been asked to answer. However,100% soldiers would like to change their unhealth eating habits.
Conclusion:The armed police soldiers are extremely short of basic nutrition knowledge. The basic nutrition knowledge should be supplied to them. To guide their attitude and behavior and promote their health, raise of overall construction of troops, promise the fighting strength of troops are important. Once they return hometown, they can also give the knowledge to everyone around.
内容调查内容包括：一般资料营养知识营养态度营养行为
方法采用不记名问卷调查法。调查以连为单位,采用现场发放、现场填写、现场收回的方式,对武警某部队战士进行了营养知识、态度及行为状况的调查。随后以授大课的方式针对营养基础知识进行干预。二十日后再次发放问卷进行调查。共发放问卷600份,收回的有效问卷544份,有效收回率为90.7%。调查对象均为男性,年龄15～30(20.1±1.6)岁。
结果武警部队战士在干预前的23道营养知识问题的回答正确率最高的仅为66.0%,最低仅16.9%,只有8道题的正确率超过50.0%,及格(答对60.0%以上)的战士为76人,占调查对象的14.0%,说明战士的营养知识极度匮乏；干预后的回答正确率最高的为100%,最低为93.0%,干预后544名战士全部及格(答对60.0%以上)；在态度方面,干预前的人群及格率为55.9%,干预后的人群及格率为100%,说明战士态度积极,更加深刻的认识到掌握营养知识的重要性；行为方面,干预前仅有3道题的期望回答率超过50.0%,干预后调查间隔时间较短,营养行为没有进行调查统计,但从干预后的营养态度来看100%的战士愿意为健康而改变自己不良的饮食行为。
结论部队战士对营养基本知识极为匮乏,但战士对营养知识有较强的求知欲望,在对部队战士的教育中应合理地、科学地加入营养基础知识的教育,并正确引导战士的营养态度及行为,促进广大基层官兵的身体健康,提高部队的全面建设,保证部队的战斗力。在日后复原回到原籍也能把所学到的营养知识传播给周边的人,有助于提高全民的营养知识水平。
Purpose:To investigate the armed police soldiers on knowledge, attitude and behavior in nutrition, and to analyze the impacting factors on them. Then the lectures of basic nutrition were given to the soldiers, in order to make them understand the basic knowledge of nutrition, upright their food attitude, guide them to rectify bad behavior and promote the healthy body, raise the overall construction of the whole troops and the exaltation of the battle dint. The armed police soldiers come from various parts of the country, and will return to their hometown respectively when the service period is over. So learning more nutrition knowledge can not only promote their health but also have the exaltation in level of nutrition knowledge and cultivate the attitude and the habit for everyone around.
Content:Contents of survey include general data, nourishment knowledge, nourishment attitude and nourishment behavior.
Method:Cluster sampling was employed in this study. Some armed police soldiers were included as the object of study. A self-developed questionnaire about the knowledge, attitudes and behavior were investiged from these armed police soldiers. Nutrition intervention was made by giving a presentation on nutrition knowledge, and the same questionnaire was asked to fill again 20 days later.600 questionnaires were sent out and 544 available questionnaires were retrieved (response rate was 90.7%). The subjects for this investigation are male. Ages for these samples range from 15 to 30 years old (20.06±1.6). The questionnaire were sent out, filled in, collected on the spot and remained anonymous.
Result:The hightest right selection rate among 25 basic nutrition questions is 66.0%, the lowest 16.9% before intervention. There were only 8 questions that the right selection rates were more than 50%. There were 76 objects (14%) whose right selection rate was above 60%. It showed that the soldiers are extremely shortage in basic nutrition knowledge. After intervention, the right selection rates of all questions range from 93% to 100%. The right selection rate to basic nutrition knowledge of all soldiers is more than 60%. The result showed that the soldiers hope to learn more nutrition knowledge. About the attitude questions, the correctness rate was 55.9% before intervention and 100% after intervention. In behavior, there are 3 questions that their expectation answer rate was above 50% before intervention. Because there was insufficient time between two investigation, the questions about behavior had not been asked to answer. However,100% soldiers would like to change their unhealth eating habits.
Conclusion:The armed police soldiers are extremely short of basic nutrition knowledge. The basic nutrition knowledge should be supplied to them. To guide their attitude and behavior and promote their health, raise of overall construction of troops, promise the fighting strength of troops are important. Once they return hometown, they can also give the knowledge to everyone around.
引文
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[3]李载权,张茂玉,黄承任.168名大学生生活饮食及营养状况分析[J].现代预防医学,1991；18(4):222-224
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[19]李洁.美国对健康食品标签标识及宣传的管理[J].上海预防区学杂志,2002；14(1)：3-5
[2]张又新.陕西省大学生体质状况及影响因素的研究.西安体育学院报.2000；17(4)：26-28
[3]冯中军,冯占义,徐春,等.关于强化我国营养教育的讨论[J].中国公共卫生,1977；13(9)：559
[4]Peter G. The Potential of Dietary Modification to Prevent Cancer. Prev Med.1996;25:41-43.
[5]李载权,张茂玉,黄承任.168名大学生生活饮食及营养状况分析[J].现代预防医学,1991；18(4)：222-224
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[7]滕越.214名医务人员营养调查[J].中国临床营养杂志,2000；8(2)：130-132
[8]李军,刘小燕,郭辉,等.大学生营养知识、态度与膳食行为的调查[J].中国临床康复,2004；8(6)：1028-1029
[9]张敏.加强社区营养教育的重要性[J].社区医学杂志,2003；1(3)：37
[10]史丽娟,宋迎春,罗物强.营养、健康与干预[J].健康教育,2005；(4)：99-100
[11]赵明秀.妇幼人群营养与健康知识教育干预的研究.中国妇幼保健,2001；16(7)：427-428
[12]张庆英,曾少英,朱莉煌.汕头大学学生知识、态度、行为现状[J].中国学校卫生,2001；22(5)：411-413
[13]吴天,徐杰,陈洲玲.湖北两所大学新生卫生知识和行为的调查分析[J].中国健康教育,1992；8(8)：10-13
[14]许榕仙,胡志坚,黄芳.福建省四所高校大学生营养知识态度行为调查[J].中国学校卫生,1999；20(1)：24-25
[15]Christine A, Rosenbloom, Jana R, etal.Nutrition Education in Six Congregate Meal Sites Sites Improves Participant's Nutrition Knowledge[J]. Journal of nutrition for the elderly, 2004;23(3):73-76.
[16]Dena'Patacca, Christine A, Rosenbloom,etal.Using a Focus Group Approach to Determine Older Adults Opinions and Attitudes Toward a Nutrition Education:Program[J].Journal of nutrition for the elderly,2004;23(3):55-62
[17]王静,任正华,肖敏.住院病人饮食营养相关知识调查分析.中华国际护理杂志,2004；3(6)：414-416
[18]Carla.K. Miller, Lesley Edwar:ds;etal. Nutrition Education Improves Metabolic Outcomes among Older Adults with Diabetes Mellitus:Results from a Randomized Controlled Trial[J].Preventive Medicine.2002;34(2):252-259
[19]Johanna T. Dwyer. Nutrition Guidelines and Education of the Public[J]. The Journal of-Nutrition,2001;131(11):3074-3077
[20]Shawver GW;Cox RH. Need for physician referral of low-income, chronic disease patients tocommunity nutrition education programs[J]. Journal of nutrition for the elderly, 2000;20(1):17-33
[21]李洁,美国对健康食品标签标识及宣传的管理[J].上海预防区学杂志,2002；14(1)：3-5
[22]De Bourdeaudhuij I, Burg J. Tailoring dietary feedback to reduce fat intake:an intevention at the family level[J].Health-Fduc-Res,2000;15(4):449-462
[23]柴巍中,赵尔萍.国外营养教育和营养师发展概况[J].中国食物与营养,2004(12)：11-13
[24]李里特.国外营养教育与管理.中国食物与营养,2004(5)：4-7
[25]赵丽云,翟凤英,李丹,等.中学生的营养知识、态度和行为在营养教育前后的变化[J].中国学校卫生,2002；2(23)：147-148
[26]余小鸣,段爱旭,陈慧平,等.“儿童与儿童”模式在小学生营养教育中的应用研究[J].营养学报,2005；3(27)：222-224
[27]周大平.膳食干预在社区[J].缭望新闻周刊,2003；(45)：50
[28]孙要武,王丽敏,祁艳波.城市老年人群开展营养教育的干预性研究[J].中国健康教育,2001；17(6)：372-373
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