基于脉搏波的心血管系统疾病预测方法研究
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摘要
心血管疾病是威胁人类生命健康的严重疾病,已成为全球范围内危害人类健康并导致死亡的最严重疾病之一。如果能够及时的预测出心血管参数的变化趋势,并采取相应的措施,将会大大减少疾病的发病率。脉搏波作为人体基本的生理信号,蕴含有丰富的心血管参数,并且能够通过无创的方法进行检测。因此,通过检测脉搏波来预测心血管疾病已成为人们关注的焦点。
本文根据脉搏波的非平稳性和易受干扰等特点,设计了一套基于嵌入式的采集系统,并结合模糊理论对其采集的脉搏参数进行了分析归类。在人体的桡动脉处,通过压电薄膜传感器采集脉搏的压力波动信号,然后对其进行低通滤波去除高频干扰信号;高通滤波消除基线漂移;自动增益调整来满足不同人的测量和电平调整实现信号的单极性处理。根据智能化、微型化以及易升级等要求,本系统采用了ARM7微处理器和嵌入式操作系统μC/OS-II来实现A/D转换、波形显示、存储和通信等功能。最后通过模糊理论分析采集的脉搏信号参数峰值个数、主波斜率和20%主波宽度,将其归类为健康和动脉硬化两种。通过小样本的数据验证,此类方法的识别正确率可以达到80%以上,对心血管疾病有一定的预测诊断效果。
各种干扰因素都可能使脉搏波形发生变化而影响到分析结果,所以在进行测试时,一定要测试者在平息状态下保持情绪稳定,进行连续测量几分钟,取其波形稳定的一段作为分析的数据。脉搏波中仍然蕴含有许多的参数,需要我们去进一步的深入研究,来发掘更多的信息,提高诊断的正确率。
Cardiovascular Disease is a serious disease which threatens human’s life and has become one of the most serious diseases which harms health and causes death in the world. If we can forecast the tendency of cardiovascular parameter timely and take the corresponding measure, it will reduce the rate of diseases greatly. The pulse wave which is human’s basic physiology signal implicates rich cardiovascular parameter and can be examined through the noninvasive method. Therefore, The method that to examine the pulse wave forecasts the cardiovascular disease becomes the focus which the people pay attention to.
According to the pulse wave’s characteristics which are non-stability and disturbed easily and so on, the article has designed a gathering system based on embedded. It analyses and classifies the parameter of the pulse wave by the fuzzy theory. In the radial artery, the piezoelectricity thin-film sensor gathers the fluctuant signal and the system deals with the signal by low-pass filtering to eliminate the high frequency interference signal and deals with it by high-pass filtering to eliminate the baseline drift and deals with it by automatic gain control to satisfy the different people and deals with it by modulation level to achieve the unipolarity of the signal. According to the intelligentization, the micromation and the upgrade easily, the system has used the ARM7 microprocessor and the embedded operating systemμC/OS-II to achieve A/D transformation, the display of the signal, storage and communication and so on. Finally, to analysis the parameter of gathering signal that is the number of the peak, the slope of main wave and the width of 20% main wave classifies the heath and arteriosclerosis by fuzzy theory. The accuracy rate of the method can reach 80% by data verification and can forecast cardiovascular diseases.
Each kind of interference factor can cause to change the pulse wave and affect the analytic result. Therefore, to take the test, the conner must maintain the stable of mood under the quiescent condition and the test is taken continuously for several minutes and we will intercept the stable wave to be analyzed. The pulse wave still contained many parameter and we need to research it further to excavate more information and to enhance the accuracy rate.
本文根据脉搏波的非平稳性和易受干扰等特点,设计了一套基于嵌入式的采集系统,并结合模糊理论对其采集的脉搏参数进行了分析归类。在人体的桡动脉处,通过压电薄膜传感器采集脉搏的压力波动信号,然后对其进行低通滤波去除高频干扰信号;高通滤波消除基线漂移;自动增益调整来满足不同人的测量和电平调整实现信号的单极性处理。根据智能化、微型化以及易升级等要求,本系统采用了ARM7微处理器和嵌入式操作系统μC/OS-II来实现A/D转换、波形显示、存储和通信等功能。最后通过模糊理论分析采集的脉搏信号参数峰值个数、主波斜率和20%主波宽度,将其归类为健康和动脉硬化两种。通过小样本的数据验证,此类方法的识别正确率可以达到80%以上,对心血管疾病有一定的预测诊断效果。
各种干扰因素都可能使脉搏波形发生变化而影响到分析结果,所以在进行测试时,一定要测试者在平息状态下保持情绪稳定,进行连续测量几分钟,取其波形稳定的一段作为分析的数据。脉搏波中仍然蕴含有许多的参数,需要我们去进一步的深入研究,来发掘更多的信息,提高诊断的正确率。
Cardiovascular Disease is a serious disease which threatens human’s life and has become one of the most serious diseases which harms health and causes death in the world. If we can forecast the tendency of cardiovascular parameter timely and take the corresponding measure, it will reduce the rate of diseases greatly. The pulse wave which is human’s basic physiology signal implicates rich cardiovascular parameter and can be examined through the noninvasive method. Therefore, The method that to examine the pulse wave forecasts the cardiovascular disease becomes the focus which the people pay attention to.
According to the pulse wave’s characteristics which are non-stability and disturbed easily and so on, the article has designed a gathering system based on embedded. It analyses and classifies the parameter of the pulse wave by the fuzzy theory. In the radial artery, the piezoelectricity thin-film sensor gathers the fluctuant signal and the system deals with the signal by low-pass filtering to eliminate the high frequency interference signal and deals with it by high-pass filtering to eliminate the baseline drift and deals with it by automatic gain control to satisfy the different people and deals with it by modulation level to achieve the unipolarity of the signal. According to the intelligentization, the micromation and the upgrade easily, the system has used the ARM7 microprocessor and the embedded operating systemμC/OS-II to achieve A/D transformation, the display of the signal, storage and communication and so on. Finally, to analysis the parameter of gathering signal that is the number of the peak, the slope of main wave and the width of 20% main wave classifies the heath and arteriosclerosis by fuzzy theory. The accuracy rate of the method can reach 80% by data verification and can forecast cardiovascular diseases.
Each kind of interference factor can cause to change the pulse wave and affect the analytic result. Therefore, to take the test, the conner must maintain the stable of mood under the quiescent condition and the test is taken continuously for several minutes and we will intercept the stable wave to be analyzed. The pulse wave still contained many parameter and we need to research it further to excavate more information and to enhance the accuracy rate.
引文
1黄子通.中国家庭医疗保健工程的现状与发展.医疗保健器具, 2005, 3:35-36.
2 Gomez, E.J. del Pozo, F. Hemando, et al. Middlecare: middleware Technology for Home-based Chronic Patient Shared Care. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology-Proceedings, 2002:1900-1903
3 S. Weeg. Home Health and Home Monitoring in Rural and Frontier Counties:Human factors in implementation. EMBS, 2004,2:3264-3265
4危小军,廖伟,廖祥中.心脑血管疾病防治的社区医疗模式初探.医学与哲学, 2006,27(8):60-61
5 G. Schillaci, P. Verdecchia, C. Borgioni, et al. Association between Persistent Pressure Overload and Ventricular Arrhythmias in Essential Hypertension. Hypertension, 1996, 28(2):284-289
6高敬,华琦.超声心动图评价高血压患者心脏结构及功能的改变.中国医学影像技术, 2003,19(9):1134-1136
7 G.F. Mitchell, Y. Lacourciere, J.P. Ouellet, et al. Determinants of Elevated Pulse Pressure in Middle-aged and Older Subjects with Uncomplicated Systolic Hypertension: the Role of Proximal Aortic Diameter and the Aortic Pressure-flow Relationship. Circulation, 2003,108(13):1592-1598
8陈春晓,刘建业,王惠南.无创心血管功能测试诊断仪的研究.生物医学工程学杂志, 2003, 20(1):125-128
9 M.F. O’Rourke, D.E. Gallagher. Pulse wave analysis. J Hypertens Suppl., 1996, 14(5):147-157
10李冰星,宋文锋.中医脉诊研究思考.中国中医基础医学杂志. 1998,4(6):20-22
11张忠惠.滑脉诊断早期妊娠的评价研究.中国中西医结合杂志, 1993,13(5):276-282
12罗志昌,张松,杨益民,等.脉搏波的工程分析与临床应用.北京:科学出版社, 2006:5-25
13 J.N. Cohn, S. Finkelstein, G. McVeigh. Noninvasive Pulse Wave Analysis for the Early Detection of the Vascular Disease. Hypertension, 1995, 26(3):503-508
14王宏宇,张维思,龚兰生,等.高血压合并动脉粥样硬化与大动脉缓冲功能关系的研究.中华心血管病杂志, 2001,4(29):206-209
15中国医学百科全书-生物医学工程分册, 1993:1-5
16罗志昌等.脉搏波波形特征信息的研究.北京工业大学学报, 1996,22(1):71-79
17蔡轶珩,沈兰荪,黄祥林.脉象分析仪的研究进展.电子测量与仪器学报, 2002, 16(4):55-59
18 A.P.G. Hoeks, et al. Non-invasive Measurement of Mechanical Properties of Arteries in Health and Disease. Journal of engineering in medicine, 1999, 213(3):195-202
19 Y.Y. Wang, S.L. Chang, Y. Wu, et al. Resonance-The Missing Phenomenon in Hemodynamics. Circ Res, 1991,69:246-249
20 W.K. Wang, Y.Y. Lo, et al. Resonance Organ with the Heart. Biomedical Engineering, an international symposium, Hemisphere publishing corp.New York, 1989:259-268
21 W.K. Wang, Y.Y. Wang Lin, T.L. Hsu, et al. The Relation between Meridian and Energy Distribution from Pulse Study. 1st International Conference on Bioenergetic Medicine Honolulu Hawaii U.S.A., 1991,30:302-319
22 S.T. Young, W.K. Wang, L.S. Chang, et al. The Filter Properties of the Arterial Beds of Organs in Rats. Acta Physiol Scand, 1992,145:401-406
23 S.T. Young, W.K. Wang, L.S. Chang, et al. Specific Frequency Properties of Renal and Superior Mesenteric Arterial Beds in Rats. Cardiovasc Res, 1989,23(6):465-467
24柴新禹,吴朝霞.时频分析方法及其在医学信号处理中的应用.生物医学工程学杂志, 2001,18(1):138-144
25周霞,蔡坤宝.中医脉象信号的短时傅立叶分析.重庆大学学报, 2003,26(10): 47-51
26朱英华,蔡坤宝,王永东.基于小波的海洛因成瘾者脉象异常分析.生物医学工程学杂志, 2006, 23(5):986-990
27唐富华,郭银景,杨阳,等.基于小波变换模极大的脉象信号研究.北京理工大学学报, 2005, 25(6):538-542
28孙亚飞,陈仁文,周勇,等.测试仪器发展概述.仪器仪表学报, 2003, 24(5):480-484
29雷振山. LabVIEW 7 Express实用技术教程.北京:北京中国铁道出版社,2004:47-89
30王炳和,向敬林.人体脉象成因分析.陕西中医学院学报, 1998,21(3):74-77
31 http://baike.baidu.com/view/57019.htm?fr=ala0_1_1
32白净,吴冬生.挠动脉脉搏波的仿真模型.航天医学与医学工程, 1996,8(2):94-98
33白净,吴冬生.脉搏波与生理病理变化关系的仿真研究.航天医学与医学工程, 1996,9(l):32-36
34刘明波,王文.脉搏波速在心血管疾病危险性预测中的研究.实用心脑肺血管病杂志, 2002,10(5):292-295
35 J.J. Wang, K.H. Parker. Wave Propagation in a Model of the Arterial Circulation. Journal of Biomechanics, 2004,37(4):457-470
36 W.B. Murray, P.A. Foster. The Peripheral Pulse Wave: Information Overlooked. J-Clin-Monit-Comput, 1996,12(5):365-377
37 L.Y. Wei, et al. A New Scientific Method of Pulse Diagnosis. American Journal of Acupuncture, 1984,12(3):205-218
38 S. Urquiza, H. Desimone, M. Coni, A. Introzzi, F. Clara. Prediction of Human Arterial Pulse Wave Shape Changes in Aging and Hypertension. Procceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Computer Simulations in Biomedicine Jun 21-23, 1995, 131-135
39罗志昌,张松,杨文鸣.脉搏波波形特征信息的研究.北京工业大学学报, 1996, 20(1):71-79
40骆璇,常昌远,魏同立.脉搏波的解析模型及初步临床应用研究.数理医药学杂志, 1999,12(4):293-295
41 J.N. Amoore. The Effects of Pulse Rate, Artefact and Pulse Strength on Oscillometric Non-invasive Blood Pressure Measurements. Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, 1996. Bridging Disciplines for Biomedicine, Proceedings of the 18th Annual International Conference of the IEEE, 1996, 5(11):1977-1978
42 K. Meigas, R. Kattai, J. Lass. Continuous Blood Pressure Monitoring Using Pulse Wave Delay. 2001 Proceedings of the 23rd Annual EMBS Interntional Conference, October 25-28, Istanbul, Turkey
43 S.G. Wu, G.C. Lee. Theoretical and Computational Investigations of Nonlinear Wave Propogations in Arteries.(Ⅰ)-A Theoretical Model of Nonlinear Pulse Wave Propagations. Science in China, Series B, 1989,32(6):711-728
44 S.G. Wu, G.C. Lee. Theoretical Model of Nonlinear Wave Propogations in Arteries with Circumferential Tissues. Journal of Beijing Polytechnic Universisty, 1986,12:1
45 S.G. Wu, G.C. Lee, N.T. Tseng. Nonlinear Elastic Analysis of Blood Vessels. J Biomech Eng., 1984, 106(4):376-383
46李惜惜.血液循环系统的弹性腔理论.国际生物医学工程杂志, 1979,4:5-7
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2 Gomez, E.J. del Pozo, F. Hemando, et al. Middlecare: middleware Technology for Home-based Chronic Patient Shared Care. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology-Proceedings, 2002:1900-1903
3 S. Weeg. Home Health and Home Monitoring in Rural and Frontier Counties:Human factors in implementation. EMBS, 2004,2:3264-3265
4危小军,廖伟,廖祥中.心脑血管疾病防治的社区医疗模式初探.医学与哲学, 2006,27(8):60-61
5 G. Schillaci, P. Verdecchia, C. Borgioni, et al. Association between Persistent Pressure Overload and Ventricular Arrhythmias in Essential Hypertension. Hypertension, 1996, 28(2):284-289
6高敬,华琦.超声心动图评价高血压患者心脏结构及功能的改变.中国医学影像技术, 2003,19(9):1134-1136
7 G.F. Mitchell, Y. Lacourciere, J.P. Ouellet, et al. Determinants of Elevated Pulse Pressure in Middle-aged and Older Subjects with Uncomplicated Systolic Hypertension: the Role of Proximal Aortic Diameter and the Aortic Pressure-flow Relationship. Circulation, 2003,108(13):1592-1598
8陈春晓,刘建业,王惠南.无创心血管功能测试诊断仪的研究.生物医学工程学杂志, 2003, 20(1):125-128
9 M.F. O’Rourke, D.E. Gallagher. Pulse wave analysis. J Hypertens Suppl., 1996, 14(5):147-157
10李冰星,宋文锋.中医脉诊研究思考.中国中医基础医学杂志. 1998,4(6):20-22
11张忠惠.滑脉诊断早期妊娠的评价研究.中国中西医结合杂志, 1993,13(5):276-282
12罗志昌,张松,杨益民,等.脉搏波的工程分析与临床应用.北京:科学出版社, 2006:5-25
13 J.N. Cohn, S. Finkelstein, G. McVeigh. Noninvasive Pulse Wave Analysis for the Early Detection of the Vascular Disease. Hypertension, 1995, 26(3):503-508
14王宏宇,张维思,龚兰生,等.高血压合并动脉粥样硬化与大动脉缓冲功能关系的研究.中华心血管病杂志, 2001,4(29):206-209
15中国医学百科全书-生物医学工程分册, 1993:1-5
16罗志昌等.脉搏波波形特征信息的研究.北京工业大学学报, 1996,22(1):71-79
17蔡轶珩,沈兰荪,黄祥林.脉象分析仪的研究进展.电子测量与仪器学报, 2002, 16(4):55-59
18 A.P.G. Hoeks, et al. Non-invasive Measurement of Mechanical Properties of Arteries in Health and Disease. Journal of engineering in medicine, 1999, 213(3):195-202
19 Y.Y. Wang, S.L. Chang, Y. Wu, et al. Resonance-The Missing Phenomenon in Hemodynamics. Circ Res, 1991,69:246-249
20 W.K. Wang, Y.Y. Lo, et al. Resonance Organ with the Heart. Biomedical Engineering, an international symposium, Hemisphere publishing corp.New York, 1989:259-268
21 W.K. Wang, Y.Y. Wang Lin, T.L. Hsu, et al. The Relation between Meridian and Energy Distribution from Pulse Study. 1st International Conference on Bioenergetic Medicine Honolulu Hawaii U.S.A., 1991,30:302-319
22 S.T. Young, W.K. Wang, L.S. Chang, et al. The Filter Properties of the Arterial Beds of Organs in Rats. Acta Physiol Scand, 1992,145:401-406
23 S.T. Young, W.K. Wang, L.S. Chang, et al. Specific Frequency Properties of Renal and Superior Mesenteric Arterial Beds in Rats. Cardiovasc Res, 1989,23(6):465-467
24柴新禹,吴朝霞.时频分析方法及其在医学信号处理中的应用.生物医学工程学杂志, 2001,18(1):138-144
25周霞,蔡坤宝.中医脉象信号的短时傅立叶分析.重庆大学学报, 2003,26(10): 47-51
26朱英华,蔡坤宝,王永东.基于小波的海洛因成瘾者脉象异常分析.生物医学工程学杂志, 2006, 23(5):986-990
27唐富华,郭银景,杨阳,等.基于小波变换模极大的脉象信号研究.北京理工大学学报, 2005, 25(6):538-542
28孙亚飞,陈仁文,周勇,等.测试仪器发展概述.仪器仪表学报, 2003, 24(5):480-484
29雷振山. LabVIEW 7 Express实用技术教程.北京:北京中国铁道出版社,2004:47-89
30王炳和,向敬林.人体脉象成因分析.陕西中医学院学报, 1998,21(3):74-77
31 http://baike.baidu.com/view/57019.htm?fr=ala0_1_1
32白净,吴冬生.挠动脉脉搏波的仿真模型.航天医学与医学工程, 1996,8(2):94-98
33白净,吴冬生.脉搏波与生理病理变化关系的仿真研究.航天医学与医学工程, 1996,9(l):32-36
34刘明波,王文.脉搏波速在心血管疾病危险性预测中的研究.实用心脑肺血管病杂志, 2002,10(5):292-295
35 J.J. Wang, K.H. Parker. Wave Propagation in a Model of the Arterial Circulation. Journal of Biomechanics, 2004,37(4):457-470
36 W.B. Murray, P.A. Foster. The Peripheral Pulse Wave: Information Overlooked. J-Clin-Monit-Comput, 1996,12(5):365-377
37 L.Y. Wei, et al. A New Scientific Method of Pulse Diagnosis. American Journal of Acupuncture, 1984,12(3):205-218
38 S. Urquiza, H. Desimone, M. Coni, A. Introzzi, F. Clara. Prediction of Human Arterial Pulse Wave Shape Changes in Aging and Hypertension. Procceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Computer Simulations in Biomedicine Jun 21-23, 1995, 131-135
39罗志昌,张松,杨文鸣.脉搏波波形特征信息的研究.北京工业大学学报, 1996, 20(1):71-79
40骆璇,常昌远,魏同立.脉搏波的解析模型及初步临床应用研究.数理医药学杂志, 1999,12(4):293-295
41 J.N. Amoore. The Effects of Pulse Rate, Artefact and Pulse Strength on Oscillometric Non-invasive Blood Pressure Measurements. Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, 1996. Bridging Disciplines for Biomedicine, Proceedings of the 18th Annual International Conference of the IEEE, 1996, 5(11):1977-1978
42 K. Meigas, R. Kattai, J. Lass. Continuous Blood Pressure Monitoring Using Pulse Wave Delay. 2001 Proceedings of the 23rd Annual EMBS Interntional Conference, October 25-28, Istanbul, Turkey
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