X波段T/R组件设计
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摘要
相控阵雷达具有快速改变天线波束指向和波束形状能力、易于形成多个发射和接收波束、可在空间实现信号的合成,这些特点使相控阵雷达可完成多种雷达功能,具有稳定跟踪多批高速运动目标的能力,在单部雷达发射机功率的限制下,也能获得相对大的辐射功率,为加大雷达作用距离、提高雷达测量精度和有效对抗各种杂波及低可观测目标提供了技术上的潜力,因此成为当今雷达发展的重要方向。
无论哪个频段何种用途的有源相控阵雷达,其每个或数个辐射单元后均接有一个固态T/R组件,一部相控阵雷达少则几百个,多则几千个T/R组件。其成本已占到雷达总造价的60%～80%,所以设计制造出尺寸小,重量轻,成本低,性能优良、可靠性高的T/R组件是实现和保证雷达整机性能的关键所在.是降低雷达整机制造成本的关键所在。所以进行本课题的研究显得尤为重要。
本课题来源于081电子集团,主要研究利用货架商品(元器件)设计制造高性能、低成本的X波段T/R组件的可行性,对T/R组件设计和制造过程中关键技术和工艺进行探索和验证,为T/R组件的设计和生产提供依据。近年来,随着微波单片集成电路(MMIC)的发展,T/R组件所需全部器件(移相器、低噪放、功率放大器、衰减器等)均可通过商用化的单片集成电路实现,为设计制造高性能的T/R组件提供了一个更好的选择。本课题采用了上述方式,其中的移相器、低噪放为单片集成电路,其余部分通过混合微波集成电路(HMIC)实现。本课题主要完成以下工作:
1.研究T/R组件的结构和设计制造方法。
2.设计功率放大器、限幅器等T/R组件单元电路。
3.金丝键合模型进行仿真和优化(包括去嵌入技术)。
4.设计功率放大器控制保护电路。
5.完成X波段T/R组件的测试和分析
Phased array radar(PAR) can rapidly change the direction and the shape of its beam.It also can easily form multiple transmission and receive beams.When applied multi-transmitters,it can combine power in space.Because of all of these features, PAR can accomplish many functions.So it can steadily track multiple high-speed targets.Even using a single PAR,it can transmit high radiation power.For extending the detection range,enhancing measurement accuracy,promoting the ability of sub-clutter visibility,more and more people have devoted this kind of radar.
For any active phased array radar,its each radiating dement or several radiating elements connect a solid T/R module.An active phased array radar has hundreds of T/R modules.60-80%of the cost of a radar are of these modules.So we need small, light,low cost,high reliability T/R module.All of these are one of keys of the performance of a radar.
Our target is that only using commercial available components,we study the feasibility of producing X-band high-performance,low-cost T/R module.After exploring and validating all the key techniques of designing and producing T/R module,we have found some ways.In recent years,as the development of the MMICs,all of the sub-circuits of consisting a T/R module have integrated and can be commercial available.In this article,phase shifter and LNA are ICs.Others are HMICs.
I have accomplished the following goals.
1.Study T/R module's configuration and research the manufacture method.
2.Design PA and limiter.
3.Simulate and optimize the model of the gold bonding.
4.Design the protection circuit of PA.
5.Test and analyses the X-band T/R module.
无论哪个频段何种用途的有源相控阵雷达,其每个或数个辐射单元后均接有一个固态T/R组件,一部相控阵雷达少则几百个,多则几千个T/R组件。其成本已占到雷达总造价的60%～80%,所以设计制造出尺寸小,重量轻,成本低,性能优良、可靠性高的T/R组件是实现和保证雷达整机性能的关键所在.是降低雷达整机制造成本的关键所在。所以进行本课题的研究显得尤为重要。
本课题来源于081电子集团,主要研究利用货架商品(元器件)设计制造高性能、低成本的X波段T/R组件的可行性,对T/R组件设计和制造过程中关键技术和工艺进行探索和验证,为T/R组件的设计和生产提供依据。近年来,随着微波单片集成电路(MMIC)的发展,T/R组件所需全部器件(移相器、低噪放、功率放大器、衰减器等)均可通过商用化的单片集成电路实现,为设计制造高性能的T/R组件提供了一个更好的选择。本课题采用了上述方式,其中的移相器、低噪放为单片集成电路,其余部分通过混合微波集成电路(HMIC)实现。本课题主要完成以下工作:
1.研究T/R组件的结构和设计制造方法。
2.设计功率放大器、限幅器等T/R组件单元电路。
3.金丝键合模型进行仿真和优化(包括去嵌入技术)。
4.设计功率放大器控制保护电路。
5.完成X波段T/R组件的测试和分析
Phased array radar(PAR) can rapidly change the direction and the shape of its beam.It also can easily form multiple transmission and receive beams.When applied multi-transmitters,it can combine power in space.Because of all of these features, PAR can accomplish many functions.So it can steadily track multiple high-speed targets.Even using a single PAR,it can transmit high radiation power.For extending the detection range,enhancing measurement accuracy,promoting the ability of sub-clutter visibility,more and more people have devoted this kind of radar.
For any active phased array radar,its each radiating dement or several radiating elements connect a solid T/R module.An active phased array radar has hundreds of T/R modules.60-80%of the cost of a radar are of these modules.So we need small, light,low cost,high reliability T/R module.All of these are one of keys of the performance of a radar.
Our target is that only using commercial available components,we study the feasibility of producing X-band high-performance,low-cost T/R module.After exploring and validating all the key techniques of designing and producing T/R module,we have found some ways.In recent years,as the development of the MMICs,all of the sub-circuits of consisting a T/R module have integrated and can be commercial available.In this article,phase shifter and LNA are ICs.Others are HMICs.
I have accomplished the following goals.
1.Study T/R module's configuration and research the manufacture method.
2.Design PA and limiter.
3.Simulate and optimize the model of the gold bonding.
4.Design the protection circuit of PA.
5.Test and analyses the X-band T/R module.
引文
[1]张光义,赵玉洁.相控阵雷达技术.电子工业出版社,2006.
[2]David N.McQuiddy.Solid State Radar's Path to GaAs.IEEE MTT-S Digest,1982pp.176-178.
[3]W.R.Wisseman,et al.X-Band Gahs Single-Chip T/R radar modules.Microwave Joural,September 1987,pp.167-172.
[4]微波/毫米波电路的微小型化的发展趋势.1999全国微波毫米波会议论文集
[5]R.Rieger,et al.High Integreted Cost-effective Standard X-band T/R module Using LTCC housing Concept For automated Production.Collected Papers ON T/R Modules,2005,pp.227-230.
[6]E.D.Cohen.Active Electronically Scanned Arrays.IEEE MTTS-S Digest,1994,pp.1323-1326.
[7]Terry Harper,et al.In Search of the ＄300 T/R Module.Microwave Joural,March 1986pp.48-57.
[8]Larry Corey,Esko Jaska,Joseph Guerci.phased-array development at DARPA.IEEE 2003,pp.9-16.
[9]微波/毫米波电路的微小型化的发展趋势.1999全国微波毫米波会议论文集
[10]T/R组件文集.中国电子科技集团公司第14研究所科技部情报室,2005
[11]相控阵雷达T/R组件文集.电子部第14研究所情报信息中心,1997
[12]T.R.Turlington,F.E.Sacks,J.W.Gipprich.T/R Module Architecture Cosideration For Active Electronically Steerable Arrays.1992 IEEE,1523～1526
[13]言华.微波固态电路.北京理工大学出版社,1995
[14]申华军.X波段五位数字单片移相器研制.河北工业大学硕士论文
[15]马恒泰.微波PIN管数字式移相器.1993年全国微波会议论文集
[16]王琳.数字移相器小型化研究.电子科技大学硕士论文
[17]Richard Burns,Russell L.Holden,and Raymond Tang.Low Cost Design Techniques for Semiconductor Phase Shifters.IEEE Trans.on Microwave Theory and Techniques,Vol.MTT-22,No.6,June1974,pp.675-688.
[18]R.V.Garver.Broadband Diode Phase Shifters.IEEE Trans.on Microwave Theory And Tech.,Vol MTT-20,May 1972,pp.314-323.
[19]J.F.White.niode Phase Shifters For Array Antennas.IEEE trans,on Microwave Theory AND Tech.,Vol MTT-22,June 1974,pp.658-674.
[20]Bharj S S,Goyal R.MESFET switch design.MSN&CT 1987
[21]高学邦,杜红彦等.GAAS MESFET开关模型的研究.半导体情报 2000
[22]严伟,付鹏,洪伟.LTCC微波多新片组件中键合互连的微波特性.微波学报,2003
[23]徐鸿飞,殷晓星,孙忠良.毫米波微带键合金丝互连模型研究.电子学报,2003
[24]Weiping Jing,Ling Sun,Haiyan Sun.Modeling and Parameter Extraction Models of Bond-Wires for Chip-package Co-design.IEEE trans.International.2003
[25]弋稳等.雷达接收机技术.电子工业出版社,2006
[26]David N.McQuiddy Jr,et al.Tansmit/Receive Module Technology for X-BAD Active Array Radar.IEEE IEEE trans.International,1991.
[27]丁鹭飞,耿富录.雷达原理.西安电子科技大学出版社.1995
[28]郑新,李文辉等.雷达发射机技术.电子工业出版社,2006
[29]刘光祜,张玉兴.无线应用射频微波电路设计.电子工业出版社,2004
[30]成书田,梁昌洪.微波宽带直流偏置电路的分析设计.1997全国微波会议论文集.
[2]David N.McQuiddy.Solid State Radar's Path to GaAs.IEEE MTT-S Digest,1982pp.176-178.
[3]W.R.Wisseman,et al.X-Band Gahs Single-Chip T/R radar modules.Microwave Joural,September 1987,pp.167-172.
[4]微波/毫米波电路的微小型化的发展趋势.1999全国微波毫米波会议论文集
[5]R.Rieger,et al.High Integreted Cost-effective Standard X-band T/R module Using LTCC housing Concept For automated Production.Collected Papers ON T/R Modules,2005,pp.227-230.
[6]E.D.Cohen.Active Electronically Scanned Arrays.IEEE MTTS-S Digest,1994,pp.1323-1326.
[7]Terry Harper,et al.In Search of the ＄300 T/R Module.Microwave Joural,March 1986pp.48-57.
[8]Larry Corey,Esko Jaska,Joseph Guerci.phased-array development at DARPA.IEEE 2003,pp.9-16.
[9]微波/毫米波电路的微小型化的发展趋势.1999全国微波毫米波会议论文集
[10]T/R组件文集.中国电子科技集团公司第14研究所科技部情报室,2005
[11]相控阵雷达T/R组件文集.电子部第14研究所情报信息中心,1997
[12]T.R.Turlington,F.E.Sacks,J.W.Gipprich.T/R Module Architecture Cosideration For Active Electronically Steerable Arrays.1992 IEEE,1523～1526
[13]言华.微波固态电路.北京理工大学出版社,1995
[14]申华军.X波段五位数字单片移相器研制.河北工业大学硕士论文
[15]马恒泰.微波PIN管数字式移相器.1993年全国微波会议论文集
[16]王琳.数字移相器小型化研究.电子科技大学硕士论文
[17]Richard Burns,Russell L.Holden,and Raymond Tang.Low Cost Design Techniques for Semiconductor Phase Shifters.IEEE Trans.on Microwave Theory and Techniques,Vol.MTT-22,No.6,June1974,pp.675-688.
[18]R.V.Garver.Broadband Diode Phase Shifters.IEEE Trans.on Microwave Theory And Tech.,Vol MTT-20,May 1972,pp.314-323.
[19]J.F.White.niode Phase Shifters For Array Antennas.IEEE trans,on Microwave Theory AND Tech.,Vol MTT-22,June 1974,pp.658-674.
[20]Bharj S S,Goyal R.MESFET switch design.MSN&CT 1987
[21]高学邦,杜红彦等.GAAS MESFET开关模型的研究.半导体情报 2000
[22]严伟,付鹏,洪伟.LTCC微波多新片组件中键合互连的微波特性.微波学报,2003
[23]徐鸿飞,殷晓星,孙忠良.毫米波微带键合金丝互连模型研究.电子学报,2003
[24]Weiping Jing,Ling Sun,Haiyan Sun.Modeling and Parameter Extraction Models of Bond-Wires for Chip-package Co-design.IEEE trans.International.2003
[25]弋稳等.雷达接收机技术.电子工业出版社,2006
[26]David N.McQuiddy Jr,et al.Tansmit/Receive Module Technology for X-BAD Active Array Radar.IEEE IEEE trans.International,1991.
[27]丁鹭飞,耿富录.雷达原理.西安电子科技大学出版社.1995
[28]郑新,李文辉等.雷达发射机技术.电子工业出版社,2006
[29]刘光祜,张玉兴.无线应用射频微波电路设计.电子工业出版社,2004
[30]成书田,梁昌洪.微波宽带直流偏置电路的分析设计.1997全国微波会议论文集.