青海白石崖多金属矿成矿构造与矿床地球化学研究
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摘要
白石崖铁多金属矿床位于青海都兰柴达木盆地东南隆起边缘,系受控于花岗质侵入体与石炭纪沉积岩--早三叠世火山岩接触带控制的矽卡岩型矿床。
笔者从青海都兰地区成矿地质背景研究出发,基于构造成矿学、矿床地球化学和成矿预测学理论,开展了白石崖多金属矿床的M1-M18矿段的地质调查、成矿构造研究和矿床地球化学分析,提出了成矿模式,指出了进一步勘查的方向。主要研究成果与认识如下：
(1)本区铁铜钴、铜铅锌和钨锡钼矿共生根本原因是其所处的特殊地质背景：柴北缘与昆北两大成矿带的交汇部,柴北缘、昆中和哇洪山3条深大断裂的夹持区,柴达木盆地与共和盆地间的近南北向构造岩浆隆起区。
(2)白石崖矿床产于上三叠统鄂拉山组火山岩--石炭系沉积岩内的矽卡岩中,与花岗质岩浆侵入体(或隐伏花岗岩)有关,而不是火山岩引起的,属于外矽卡岩型-远矽卡岩型矿床,具有上磁铁矿相,下硫化物相的成矿特征。
(3)铁钴铜矿化主要与基底岩系和偏基性的闪长岩-花岗闪长岩体有关,铜铅锌和钨锡钼矿化则与盖层岩系和偏酸性花岗岩有关,反映了前者幔源组分较多,后者陆源组分较多,及岩浆演化规律。
(4)岩浆侵入是本区成矿的主要成矿动力机制和成矿物质来源的提供者。正接触带矽卡岩型矿体将是本区进一步勘探的主要目标。
Locating in the eastsouthern uplift edge of the Qaidam basin, Dulan, Qinhai, China, Baishiya Iron-Polymetallic Deposit is a skarn deposit controlled by the contact zones between granitic intrusive bodies and Carboniferous sedimentary to early Triassic volcanic rocks.
Based on the metallgonenic geological setting of the Dulan region, and the theories of tectonometallogeny, geochemistry and metallogenic prognosis, the author has surveyed into ore geology of M1-M18 ore sections in Baishiya deposit, studied metallotectonic features and geochemistry of ores and wallrocks, proposed a metallogenic model, and points out the direction for further exploration. The main results are as follows:
(1) The key cause of the coexistence of iron-copper-cobalt, copper-lead-zinc and tungsten-tin-molybdenum minerilizations is its special geological setting:the intersection of the North Qaidam Metallogenic Belt and North Kunlun Metallogenetic Belt, the junction among the deep fault in the northern edge of Qaidam Basin, middle Kunlun deep fault and Wahongshan deep fault, the North-South-trending tectonic-magmatic uplift between Qaidam Basin and the Gonghe Basin.
(2) Baishiya iron-polymetallic deposit occurred in skarns from Carboniferous sedimentary to early Triassic volcanic rocks, related to the granitic magma intrusion (or hidden granite), belong to the exsoskarn type or distal skarn type, characterized with the mineralization zoning of upper magnetite phase and under sulfide phase.
(3) Iron-Copper-Cobalt mineralizations are associated chiefly with the basement rocks and meta-basic granodiorite and dioritic rocks, whereas copper-lead-zinc and tungsten-tin-molybdenum mineralizations are mainly related to the cover rocks and the meta-acidic rocks such as biotitic granite, reflecting the fact of the former one with more mantle-derived elements and the latter one with more continental composition, as well as the evolution law of magma.
(4) The granitic intrusion is the main source of ore-forming kinetics and ore-forming metals in the deposit. Contact skarn-type ore bodies are main explorating targets future in the Baishiya deposit.
笔者从青海都兰地区成矿地质背景研究出发,基于构造成矿学、矿床地球化学和成矿预测学理论,开展了白石崖多金属矿床的M1-M18矿段的地质调查、成矿构造研究和矿床地球化学分析,提出了成矿模式,指出了进一步勘查的方向。主要研究成果与认识如下：
(1)本区铁铜钴、铜铅锌和钨锡钼矿共生根本原因是其所处的特殊地质背景：柴北缘与昆北两大成矿带的交汇部,柴北缘、昆中和哇洪山3条深大断裂的夹持区,柴达木盆地与共和盆地间的近南北向构造岩浆隆起区。
(2)白石崖矿床产于上三叠统鄂拉山组火山岩--石炭系沉积岩内的矽卡岩中,与花岗质岩浆侵入体(或隐伏花岗岩)有关,而不是火山岩引起的,属于外矽卡岩型-远矽卡岩型矿床,具有上磁铁矿相,下硫化物相的成矿特征。
(3)铁钴铜矿化主要与基底岩系和偏基性的闪长岩-花岗闪长岩体有关,铜铅锌和钨锡钼矿化则与盖层岩系和偏酸性花岗岩有关,反映了前者幔源组分较多,后者陆源组分较多,及岩浆演化规律。
(4)岩浆侵入是本区成矿的主要成矿动力机制和成矿物质来源的提供者。正接触带矽卡岩型矿体将是本区进一步勘探的主要目标。
Locating in the eastsouthern uplift edge of the Qaidam basin, Dulan, Qinhai, China, Baishiya Iron-Polymetallic Deposit is a skarn deposit controlled by the contact zones between granitic intrusive bodies and Carboniferous sedimentary to early Triassic volcanic rocks.
Based on the metallgonenic geological setting of the Dulan region, and the theories of tectonometallogeny, geochemistry and metallogenic prognosis, the author has surveyed into ore geology of M1-M18 ore sections in Baishiya deposit, studied metallotectonic features and geochemistry of ores and wallrocks, proposed a metallogenic model, and points out the direction for further exploration. The main results are as follows:
(1) The key cause of the coexistence of iron-copper-cobalt, copper-lead-zinc and tungsten-tin-molybdenum minerilizations is its special geological setting:the intersection of the North Qaidam Metallogenic Belt and North Kunlun Metallogenetic Belt, the junction among the deep fault in the northern edge of Qaidam Basin, middle Kunlun deep fault and Wahongshan deep fault, the North-South-trending tectonic-magmatic uplift between Qaidam Basin and the Gonghe Basin.
(2) Baishiya iron-polymetallic deposit occurred in skarns from Carboniferous sedimentary to early Triassic volcanic rocks, related to the granitic magma intrusion (or hidden granite), belong to the exsoskarn type or distal skarn type, characterized with the mineralization zoning of upper magnetite phase and under sulfide phase.
(3) Iron-Copper-Cobalt mineralizations are associated chiefly with the basement rocks and meta-basic granodiorite and dioritic rocks, whereas copper-lead-zinc and tungsten-tin-molybdenum mineralizations are mainly related to the cover rocks and the meta-acidic rocks such as biotitic granite, reflecting the fact of the former one with more mantle-derived elements and the latter one with more continental composition, as well as the evolution law of magma.
(4) The granitic intrusion is the main source of ore-forming kinetics and ore-forming metals in the deposit. Contact skarn-type ore bodies are main explorating targets future in the Baishiya deposit.
引文
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