个旧锡铜多金属矿集区成矿系列、成矿演化及成矿预测研究
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摘要
云南个旧地区是我国滇东南锡成矿带上最重要的超大型锡、铜多金属矿集区之一。长期以来,个旧锡矿一直以其巨大的锡多金属资源储量、众多的矿床类型以及悠久的开发历史而闻名中外。
论文以活化构造成矿理论及成矿系列理论为指导,以个旧矿集区内不同类型矿床(体)成矿地质地球化学特征、矿床成矿作用以及控矿因素等方面的研究为切入点,结合区域成矿演化背景分析,对矿床成矿的时、空分布规律、矿床成矿系列等进行了深入研究、建立成矿演化模式、并在全面总结了矿化富集规律的基础上成功地开展了成矿预测研究。论文的研究成果与创新认识主要体现在以下几个方面:
1、从区域沉积建造、岩浆建造、变质建造以及构造型相等宏观特征入手,首次应用历史—因果论壳体大地构造学理论与分析方法,深入探讨了个旧及其邻区壳体大地构造—演化运动特征;提出该区壳体演化经历了前地槽、地槽、地台及地洼(活化)四个发展演化阶段的新认识;首次提出个旧锡多金属矿床最初形成于地台余“定”期的古断拉谷环境。提出地幔热点、地壳的拉张作用及同生深大断裂的长期发展演化,是造成古断拉谷形成的根本机制,并进一步论述了个旧—开远古断拉谷的演化作用及其控岩控矿意义。
2、通过对矿集区内各种构造交汇格局、构造形迹及其配套构造发育特征的研究,全面系统地分析了不同构造演化阶段的应力场及构造体系的发展、演化特征,指出东西向基底构造存在的可能性和北东向构造对成矿控制的重要地位。
3、在详细研究矿床的同生与后生特征的基础上,通过与国内外同类矿床的对比分析,并按成矿演化的时、空分布特征以及矿床的主导成矿作用,将个旧矿集区内矿床系统地划分为三大成矿系列,即:印支期海底火山—沉积成矿系列、印支期海底(火山)喷流—沉积成矿系列、燕山期花岗岩浆的叠加改造成矿系列。突破了传统的“唯花岗岩成锡”的观点,拓宽了找矿思路。
4、从成矿系列研究出发,依据矿床成因及矿物组合特征,将个旧区内所有矿化类型进行了重新分类,划分出九种与成矿系列相联系的矿床成因类型,即:VHMS型Cu、Au矿床、VHMS型Cu、Sn矿床、SEDEX型Pb、Zn、Sn矿床、SEDEX型Sn、Pb矿床、含锡白云岩型Sn、Pb、Zn矿床、矽卡岩硫化物型Sn、Cu矿床、东西向断裂带脉状硫化物型Ag、Pb、Sn矿床、电气石细脉带型
Gejiu tin-copper polymetallic ore-concentrating district, located in the metallogenic belt of Southeast Yunnan, is famous for its huge Sn reserves, numerous mineralization type and very long exploitation history in China as well as in the world.Guided by the theories of activated tectonometallogeny and metallogenic series, combined with the regional setting of the mineralization evolution, starting with a study on the geological- geochemical features, metallogenesis and ore-controlling factors etc, this paper has lucubrated the spatiotemporal distribution regularities and metallogenic series of the ore deposits, set up a metallogenic evolution model, and triumphantly forecasted some hidden deposits, based on the comprehensive summing-up of the mineralization enrichment regularities. The main research findings and new viewpoints achieved in this paper are as follows:1. In terms of the macrofeatures of the regional sedimentary formation, magma formation, metamorphic formation and tectonization,etc, and according to the theory and methods of historistic-causationist geotectonics "Crustobody Tectonics", The author, for the first time, has discussed in-depth the crustobody geotectonic evolution-movement features in Gejiu and its adjacent district, putting forward a new view that the crustobody evolution has undergone four stages, i.e. pregeosynclinal, geosynclinal, platform and geodepression(activation) stages and the Gejiu Sn-polymetallic deposits have initially formed in ancient aulacogen setting at the remaining "stable" stage of platform,which essential developing mechanism was the mantle hotspot, pullapart of the lithosphere, long-term development and evolution of the syn-sedimentary macroscopic faults. Furthermore, the author has discussed the evolution and its rock and ore-controlling significance of the Gejiu-Kaiyuan ancient aulacogen.2. Through the study on the reveal features of the structure pattern , trackways and its suited structures, the author has fully and systematically analyzed the development and evolution features of the stress field and structure system in different stages, pointing out the subsistent possibility of East-West orientation base structures and the importance of the northeast orientation structures control over mineralization.3. On the basis of detailed study on syngenetic and subsequent characteristics of the mineral deposits and compareing with the similar type mineral deposits at home
and abroad, The author has divided those mineral deposits in Gejiu polymetallic ore-concentrating district into three deposit metallogenic series, according to the spatiotemporal distribution characteristics of the metallogenic evolution and dominant mineralization, i.e. submarine volcano-sedimentary metallogenic series of indo-chinese epoch , submarine (volcano) exhalative - sedimentary metallogenic series of indo-chinese epoch and granitic hydrothermal superpose-reconstruct metallogenic series of Yanshan epoch.The above ideas break through the traditional viewpoint that the monism of granite forming tin deposit and broaden the thought of ore prospecting.4.Starting with the study of deposit metallogenic series and according to the ore genesis and characteristic of mineral assemblage, the author has also reclassified all the deposits in Gejiu ore- concentrating district into nine genetic types which associated with deposit metallogenic series, i.e. copper gold deposit of VHMS type, copper tin deposit of VHMS type, lead zinc tin deposit of SEDEX type, tin lead deposit of SEDEX type, tin-bearing dolomite tin lead zinc deposit, skarn sulfide tin copper deposit, vein-type silver lead tin sulfide deposit in East-West orientation fault zones, tourmaline thin vein tin tungsten beryllium deposit and greisen tin tungsten deposit. Furthermore, the author has detailedly studied the metallogenic conditions, mineralization, ore-controlling regularity and geochemical characteristics of all types of the deposits.5.Contacting the mineralization with the crustobody geotectonic evolution-movement features, the author,for the first time,has studied in detail the characteristics of multistage geotectonic evolution, multifactor mineralization control, multisource ore-forming materials, multi-cycle and multimode mineralization, set up a integrated polygenetic compound mineralization evolution mode of the deposits, and studied its intrinsic mechanism of the mineral deposit polygenetic compound mineralization, puting forward a new point of view that the characteristic of "interim ore-forming " of the deposits in the spatiotemporal distribution.6.0n the basis of detailed summarizing of the ore locating regularity and ore-controlling factors, by comprehensive methods and theories of geology, geophysics, geochemistry, remote-sensing, fractal geometry and the integration technique of information in many ways, the author has performed metallogenic prognosis of the hidden deposits at some hopeful section of the district, triumphantly finding out a interlayer oxidized orebody at Tuofengshan section of Gaosong orefield, and a sulphide orebody associated with alterative basic volcanic rock in "granite concavity belt" at Doushijie section of Laochang orefield.7.After synthetically evaluating to the mineral resource potentiality in Gejiu tin
polymetallic ore-concentrating district from such many aspects as regional metallogenic condition, prospecting room, potential new mineralization type and new commodity, the author has pointed out the directions for ores prospecting in this district, believing that there are wider advantageous perspective still to investigate farther more.
论文以活化构造成矿理论及成矿系列理论为指导,以个旧矿集区内不同类型矿床(体)成矿地质地球化学特征、矿床成矿作用以及控矿因素等方面的研究为切入点,结合区域成矿演化背景分析,对矿床成矿的时、空分布规律、矿床成矿系列等进行了深入研究、建立成矿演化模式、并在全面总结了矿化富集规律的基础上成功地开展了成矿预测研究。论文的研究成果与创新认识主要体现在以下几个方面:
1、从区域沉积建造、岩浆建造、变质建造以及构造型相等宏观特征入手,首次应用历史—因果论壳体大地构造学理论与分析方法,深入探讨了个旧及其邻区壳体大地构造—演化运动特征;提出该区壳体演化经历了前地槽、地槽、地台及地洼(活化)四个发展演化阶段的新认识;首次提出个旧锡多金属矿床最初形成于地台余“定”期的古断拉谷环境。提出地幔热点、地壳的拉张作用及同生深大断裂的长期发展演化,是造成古断拉谷形成的根本机制,并进一步论述了个旧—开远古断拉谷的演化作用及其控岩控矿意义。
2、通过对矿集区内各种构造交汇格局、构造形迹及其配套构造发育特征的研究,全面系统地分析了不同构造演化阶段的应力场及构造体系的发展、演化特征,指出东西向基底构造存在的可能性和北东向构造对成矿控制的重要地位。
3、在详细研究矿床的同生与后生特征的基础上,通过与国内外同类矿床的对比分析,并按成矿演化的时、空分布特征以及矿床的主导成矿作用,将个旧矿集区内矿床系统地划分为三大成矿系列,即:印支期海底火山—沉积成矿系列、印支期海底(火山)喷流—沉积成矿系列、燕山期花岗岩浆的叠加改造成矿系列。突破了传统的“唯花岗岩成锡”的观点,拓宽了找矿思路。
4、从成矿系列研究出发,依据矿床成因及矿物组合特征,将个旧区内所有矿化类型进行了重新分类,划分出九种与成矿系列相联系的矿床成因类型,即:VHMS型Cu、Au矿床、VHMS型Cu、Sn矿床、SEDEX型Pb、Zn、Sn矿床、SEDEX型Sn、Pb矿床、含锡白云岩型Sn、Pb、Zn矿床、矽卡岩硫化物型Sn、Cu矿床、东西向断裂带脉状硫化物型Ag、Pb、Sn矿床、电气石细脉带型
Gejiu tin-copper polymetallic ore-concentrating district, located in the metallogenic belt of Southeast Yunnan, is famous for its huge Sn reserves, numerous mineralization type and very long exploitation history in China as well as in the world.Guided by the theories of activated tectonometallogeny and metallogenic series, combined with the regional setting of the mineralization evolution, starting with a study on the geological- geochemical features, metallogenesis and ore-controlling factors etc, this paper has lucubrated the spatiotemporal distribution regularities and metallogenic series of the ore deposits, set up a metallogenic evolution model, and triumphantly forecasted some hidden deposits, based on the comprehensive summing-up of the mineralization enrichment regularities. The main research findings and new viewpoints achieved in this paper are as follows:1. In terms of the macrofeatures of the regional sedimentary formation, magma formation, metamorphic formation and tectonization,etc, and according to the theory and methods of historistic-causationist geotectonics "Crustobody Tectonics", The author, for the first time, has discussed in-depth the crustobody geotectonic evolution-movement features in Gejiu and its adjacent district, putting forward a new view that the crustobody evolution has undergone four stages, i.e. pregeosynclinal, geosynclinal, platform and geodepression(activation) stages and the Gejiu Sn-polymetallic deposits have initially formed in ancient aulacogen setting at the remaining "stable" stage of platform,which essential developing mechanism was the mantle hotspot, pullapart of the lithosphere, long-term development and evolution of the syn-sedimentary macroscopic faults. Furthermore, the author has discussed the evolution and its rock and ore-controlling significance of the Gejiu-Kaiyuan ancient aulacogen.2. Through the study on the reveal features of the structure pattern , trackways and its suited structures, the author has fully and systematically analyzed the development and evolution features of the stress field and structure system in different stages, pointing out the subsistent possibility of East-West orientation base structures and the importance of the northeast orientation structures control over mineralization.3. On the basis of detailed study on syngenetic and subsequent characteristics of the mineral deposits and compareing with the similar type mineral deposits at home
and abroad, The author has divided those mineral deposits in Gejiu polymetallic ore-concentrating district into three deposit metallogenic series, according to the spatiotemporal distribution characteristics of the metallogenic evolution and dominant mineralization, i.e. submarine volcano-sedimentary metallogenic series of indo-chinese epoch , submarine (volcano) exhalative - sedimentary metallogenic series of indo-chinese epoch and granitic hydrothermal superpose-reconstruct metallogenic series of Yanshan epoch.The above ideas break through the traditional viewpoint that the monism of granite forming tin deposit and broaden the thought of ore prospecting.4.Starting with the study of deposit metallogenic series and according to the ore genesis and characteristic of mineral assemblage, the author has also reclassified all the deposits in Gejiu ore- concentrating district into nine genetic types which associated with deposit metallogenic series, i.e. copper gold deposit of VHMS type, copper tin deposit of VHMS type, lead zinc tin deposit of SEDEX type, tin lead deposit of SEDEX type, tin-bearing dolomite tin lead zinc deposit, skarn sulfide tin copper deposit, vein-type silver lead tin sulfide deposit in East-West orientation fault zones, tourmaline thin vein tin tungsten beryllium deposit and greisen tin tungsten deposit. Furthermore, the author has detailedly studied the metallogenic conditions, mineralization, ore-controlling regularity and geochemical characteristics of all types of the deposits.5.Contacting the mineralization with the crustobody geotectonic evolution-movement features, the author,for the first time,has studied in detail the characteristics of multistage geotectonic evolution, multifactor mineralization control, multisource ore-forming materials, multi-cycle and multimode mineralization, set up a integrated polygenetic compound mineralization evolution mode of the deposits, and studied its intrinsic mechanism of the mineral deposit polygenetic compound mineralization, puting forward a new point of view that the characteristic of "interim ore-forming " of the deposits in the spatiotemporal distribution.6.0n the basis of detailed summarizing of the ore locating regularity and ore-controlling factors, by comprehensive methods and theories of geology, geophysics, geochemistry, remote-sensing, fractal geometry and the integration technique of information in many ways, the author has performed metallogenic prognosis of the hidden deposits at some hopeful section of the district, triumphantly finding out a interlayer oxidized orebody at Tuofengshan section of Gaosong orefield, and a sulphide orebody associated with alterative basic volcanic rock in "granite concavity belt" at Doushijie section of Laochang orefield.7.After synthetically evaluating to the mineral resource potentiality in Gejiu tin
polymetallic ore-concentrating district from such many aspects as regional metallogenic condition, prospecting room, potential new mineralization type and new commodity, the author has pointed out the directions for ores prospecting in this district, believing that there are wider advantageous perspective still to investigate farther more.
引文
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