察隅—旁多构造岩浆岩段中生代中酸性侵入岩建造时空分布
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摘要
青藏高原长期以来被地学界认为是产生地质科学新研究方向的发源地。本次的研究区旁多-察隅构造岩浆岩段指以嘉黎-向阳日断裂为北界、直孔-松多-工布江达断裂带为南界的广大区域,这里记录了大量的地球构造演化的各种事件,是国内外地学界长期关注的焦点。青藏高原岩浆活动强烈,在青藏高原的隆升过程中伴随着不同期次的岩浆活动,各时代的岩浆活动与青藏高原的发展紧密联系。冈-念构造岩浆岩带是高原岩浆活动最为强烈的区域,而旁多-察隅构造岩浆岩段是冈-念构造岩浆岩带中岩浆活动较为强烈的亚带。
以岩石学、构造成矿学、岩石大地构造学和岩浆动力学等先进理论为科学指导,针对冈底斯岩浆岩亚带东段侵入岩研究中存在的问题与不足,采取侵入岩与大地动力学紧密联系的途径,以构造—岩浆事件的内在联系为线索,对本研究区侵入岩进行研究。
根据“全国矿产资源潜力评价项目”的要求,根据长期以来对研究区构造演化的大体认识,“西藏自治区矿产资源潜力评价项目”将班-怒缝合带与雅江缝合带之间的广大地区从北向南将其划分为四个大的构造岩浆岩亚带:北冈底斯构造岩浆岩亚带;斯泉河-申扎-嘉黎构造岩浆岩亚带;念青唐古拉构造岩浆岩亚带;南冈底斯构造岩浆岩亚带。研究区则划分为:宁中-门巴组合、巴松错-德姆拉组合和洛巴堆-松多-工布江达组合。
根据初步的研究认为,研究区内三叠纪侵入岩主要为晚三叠世侵入体。在空间位置上晚三叠世侵入岩侵入于前奥陶纪、二叠纪地层中,局部地方被晚期的晚白垩世的花岗岩侵入。研究区中酸性侵入岩在空间具有明显的分带性,从西向东,岩性有花岗闪长岩逐渐演变为二长花岗岩。岩石化学成分也具有较为明显的变化趋势,SiO_2由西向东有花岗闪长岩向二长花岗岩为由高到低再由低到高的变化趋势,Na_2O逐步降低,K_2O逐步升高,K_(60)逐步升高。根据K_(60)的变化趋势说明岩浆源区逐步加深。
侏罗纪中酸性侵入岩出露比较集中,主要出露在门巴地区和墨脱地区,出露的岩石类型主要有二长花岗岩、花岗闪长岩和花岗岩等。总体上看侏罗纪中酸性侵入岩形成的时间宏观上表现为:由南→北由老→新。南部同位素年龄值主要在198-187Ma,北部同位素年龄值则在140Ma左右。
中生代内研究区域岩浆活动在白垩纪达到了鼎盛时期,而早白垩世岩浆活动也非常的强烈。研究区内早白垩世中酸性侵入岩受近东西及北西一南东向断裂构造控制,空间分布明显呈近东西向或北西一南东向串状分布,在桑日和洛庆拉一带的二长花岗岩侵入体主要是呈大的岩基形态产出,成因类型属于S型花岗岩,构造环境大致属于碰撞构造环境。在林芝地区的里龙乡一带出露有I-S型的中酸性侵入岩。
晚白垩世时期研究区内岩浆活动依然比较强烈,岩浆活动主要集中在99-65Ma之间,早期在林芝的汤不拉、怒日、夺嘎错等地区,沿大型的深大断裂出露有大型的二长花岗岩岩基;到中晚期主要是在嘉黎、门巴地区出露有正长花岗岩、花岗岩和二长花岗岩岩体。该时代花岗岩侵入于侏罗纪地层中,并侵入于早白垩世花岗岩中,说明在白垩纪时代,研究区的岩浆活动比较连续。在本区出露的中酸性侵入岩主要为S型花岗岩,构造环境主要以碰撞环境为主。
研究区内白垩纪岩浆活动非常强烈,侵入岩分布广泛,岩浆活动时间、空间分布与构造运动阶段、构造环境密切相关。侵入体出露的岩石类型主要有花岗闪长岩、石英闪长岩、英云闪长岩、二长花岗岩、正长花岗岩和花岗岩等。总体上看白垩纪中酸性侵入岩岩浆活动在区域上随着时间的推移,由北向南活动强度增加,主要表现在侵入岩出露面积,晚白垩世侵入体主要出露在研究区偏南部的区域,而早白垩世侵入岩主要出露在研究区偏北地区。在区内,岩浆活动主要有两个期次:107-133Ma和99-65Ma。
总结起来,研究区内中生代中酸性侵入岩的时间分布特征有:
1.早、中三叠世中酸性侵入岩在研究区内未见出露;
2.晚三叠世中酸性侵入岩在研究区内只是小范围内出露,表明在晚三叠世时,岩浆活动不明显;
3.侏罗纪岩浆活动呈现的是强-若-强的趋势;
4.中生代内白垩纪岩浆活动最为强烈,表现为在研究区内,白垩纪侵入岩出露面积远远大于其他两个时代出露的侵入岩;
For the geologists,Tibet plateau always be considered the birthplace of geological sciences recentstudieson for a long time. Research in Zayuensis-Poindo tectonomagmatic belt indicate that the extensive areas from the northern of Lhari-Xiangyangri fracture to the southern of Zhikong- Songduo-Gongbujiangda riftzone. Large quantities of Earth's tectonic evolution event record,is the focus of domestic and international geology concern.
The magmatism of Tibet plateau was violent,the process in Tibet plateau uplifting accompany with magmatic activities in different times,also closeness to the formation of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Gangdise-Nyainqêntanglha tectonic magmatite belts is the most intense magmatism activity area, Poindo-Zayuensis tectonic magmatite belts is subzone of Gangdise-Nyainqêntanglha tectonic magmatite belts.
Petrology,Metallotectonics,Petrotectonic,Magma dynamics et al as scientific guidance,aim at existing questions and shortage problem of intrusive rock in the east segment of the Gangdise magmatic subzone, close connection with intrusive rock and geotectonics as the way, tectonic-magma geologic event’s internal relation as clue to research in intrusive rock of this area.
According to the request of“the National assessment of mineral resources potential project”, the general idea about structural evolution in research area for long periods.“the National assessment of mineral resources potential project”put the area of Brahmaputra and Bangong-Nujiang suture zone in Tibet Plateau divided into four tectonic magmatite subzone,these are:western Gangdese tectonic magmatite subzone, Shiquanhe-Xainza-Jiali tectonic magmatite subzone, Nianqing Tanggula tectonic magmatite subzone,and southern Gangdise tectonic magmatite subzone.Research area divided into three groups:Ningzhong-Menba group,Basum-Demula group,Luobadui-Songduo-Gongbujiangda group.
Preliminary research found that intrusive rock of Triassic period in research area mainly are Late Triassic epoch intrusive mass.From spatial position,intrusive rock in late Triassic period prior to Ordovician-Permian stratum,local area intruded in granite of Upper Crataceous. Intermediate-acidic intrusive rocks has obvious zonation,from west to east,lithology characters from granodiorite developed into monzogranite.Chemical composition of rock with obvious trend,at the same time,silica from high to low and then from low to high, sodium oxide gradually decline, potassium oxide increase gradually, K_(60) gradually increase. K_(60) variation trend indicate that Magma source area gradually deepen.
Intermediate-acidic intrusive bodies of Jurassic Period comparatively centralized,mainly in Menba area&Motuo area,rock type mainly are monzogranite, granodiorite and granite,et al.Formation time of intrusive bodies of Jurassic Period:from south to north,from old to new. Isotopic age of southern area mainly focus on 198-187Ma, Isotopic age of northern area mainly focus on 140Ma or so on.
In study area, Mesozoic magmatism reach the highest estate in the Crataceous period,in the Early Crataceous Epoch also intense.Early Crataceous intermediate-acidic intrusive rock structurally controlled by nearly west east&northwest-southeast direction,spatially distributed as string shape which apparently nearly east-west direction or northwest-southeast direction. Monzogranite intrusive body belongs to Sangri & Luoqingla mainly are batholith, genetic type belongs to S-type granites, structural setting roughly belongs to Collision tectonic environment. I-S type intermediate-acidic intrusive rock of Lilong county in Nyingchi.
Magmatism activity in the Late cretaceous period still intense,mainly focus on 99-65Ma.Early stage on Tangbula,nuri,duogacuo area of Nyingchi county.Along with the fracture are monzonitic granite batholith;till the Mid-Late period mainly are syenogranite,granite and monzonitic granite batholith in the area of Jiali&Menba area.Granite intruded into Jurassic strata,and intruded in Early Crataceous granite,which indicate magmatism activity in the Cretaceous period are continuous.The outcrop of Intermediate-acidic intrusive rock mainly are S-type granite, structural settings mainly are collision.
Magmatism activity in the Crataceous period intensely,intrusive rock widely distributed,the time of magmatism activity,space distribution closely related to tectonic movement stage&tectonic settings. The outcrop of intrusive rock types mainly are granodiorite, quartzdiorite, tonalite, monzonitic granite, syenogranite and granite,et al.As a whole, as time goes on,magmatism activity from north to south gradually intense,mainly displays in the outcrop area,the outcrop area of Late cretaceous intrusive bodies mainly focus on south area,but the outcrop area of Early cretaceous intrusive bodies mainly focus on north area.In the while area,magmatism activity with two mainly active stage: 107-133Ma&99-65Ma.
To sum up the temporal distribution of intermediate-acidic intrusive rocks of Mesozoic period in the research area are:
1.Early-Middle Triassic period intermediate-acidic intrusive rocks covered;
2.Late Triassic period intermediate-acidic intrusive rocks exposed only a small area;
3.Jurassic Period magmatism activity appears strong-weak-strong tendency;
4.The cretaceous magmatism in the Mesozoic period is most active,which appears the outcrop area of intrusive rock in the Crataceous period was much bigger than the others.
以岩石学、构造成矿学、岩石大地构造学和岩浆动力学等先进理论为科学指导,针对冈底斯岩浆岩亚带东段侵入岩研究中存在的问题与不足,采取侵入岩与大地动力学紧密联系的途径,以构造—岩浆事件的内在联系为线索,对本研究区侵入岩进行研究。
根据“全国矿产资源潜力评价项目”的要求,根据长期以来对研究区构造演化的大体认识,“西藏自治区矿产资源潜力评价项目”将班-怒缝合带与雅江缝合带之间的广大地区从北向南将其划分为四个大的构造岩浆岩亚带:北冈底斯构造岩浆岩亚带;斯泉河-申扎-嘉黎构造岩浆岩亚带;念青唐古拉构造岩浆岩亚带;南冈底斯构造岩浆岩亚带。研究区则划分为:宁中-门巴组合、巴松错-德姆拉组合和洛巴堆-松多-工布江达组合。
根据初步的研究认为,研究区内三叠纪侵入岩主要为晚三叠世侵入体。在空间位置上晚三叠世侵入岩侵入于前奥陶纪、二叠纪地层中,局部地方被晚期的晚白垩世的花岗岩侵入。研究区中酸性侵入岩在空间具有明显的分带性,从西向东,岩性有花岗闪长岩逐渐演变为二长花岗岩。岩石化学成分也具有较为明显的变化趋势,SiO_2由西向东有花岗闪长岩向二长花岗岩为由高到低再由低到高的变化趋势,Na_2O逐步降低,K_2O逐步升高,K_(60)逐步升高。根据K_(60)的变化趋势说明岩浆源区逐步加深。
侏罗纪中酸性侵入岩出露比较集中,主要出露在门巴地区和墨脱地区,出露的岩石类型主要有二长花岗岩、花岗闪长岩和花岗岩等。总体上看侏罗纪中酸性侵入岩形成的时间宏观上表现为:由南→北由老→新。南部同位素年龄值主要在198-187Ma,北部同位素年龄值则在140Ma左右。
中生代内研究区域岩浆活动在白垩纪达到了鼎盛时期,而早白垩世岩浆活动也非常的强烈。研究区内早白垩世中酸性侵入岩受近东西及北西一南东向断裂构造控制,空间分布明显呈近东西向或北西一南东向串状分布,在桑日和洛庆拉一带的二长花岗岩侵入体主要是呈大的岩基形态产出,成因类型属于S型花岗岩,构造环境大致属于碰撞构造环境。在林芝地区的里龙乡一带出露有I-S型的中酸性侵入岩。
晚白垩世时期研究区内岩浆活动依然比较强烈,岩浆活动主要集中在99-65Ma之间,早期在林芝的汤不拉、怒日、夺嘎错等地区,沿大型的深大断裂出露有大型的二长花岗岩岩基;到中晚期主要是在嘉黎、门巴地区出露有正长花岗岩、花岗岩和二长花岗岩岩体。该时代花岗岩侵入于侏罗纪地层中,并侵入于早白垩世花岗岩中,说明在白垩纪时代,研究区的岩浆活动比较连续。在本区出露的中酸性侵入岩主要为S型花岗岩,构造环境主要以碰撞环境为主。
研究区内白垩纪岩浆活动非常强烈,侵入岩分布广泛,岩浆活动时间、空间分布与构造运动阶段、构造环境密切相关。侵入体出露的岩石类型主要有花岗闪长岩、石英闪长岩、英云闪长岩、二长花岗岩、正长花岗岩和花岗岩等。总体上看白垩纪中酸性侵入岩岩浆活动在区域上随着时间的推移,由北向南活动强度增加,主要表现在侵入岩出露面积,晚白垩世侵入体主要出露在研究区偏南部的区域,而早白垩世侵入岩主要出露在研究区偏北地区。在区内,岩浆活动主要有两个期次:107-133Ma和99-65Ma。
总结起来,研究区内中生代中酸性侵入岩的时间分布特征有:
1.早、中三叠世中酸性侵入岩在研究区内未见出露;
2.晚三叠世中酸性侵入岩在研究区内只是小范围内出露,表明在晚三叠世时,岩浆活动不明显;
3.侏罗纪岩浆活动呈现的是强-若-强的趋势;
4.中生代内白垩纪岩浆活动最为强烈,表现为在研究区内,白垩纪侵入岩出露面积远远大于其他两个时代出露的侵入岩;
For the geologists,Tibet plateau always be considered the birthplace of geological sciences recentstudieson for a long time. Research in Zayuensis-Poindo tectonomagmatic belt indicate that the extensive areas from the northern of Lhari-Xiangyangri fracture to the southern of Zhikong- Songduo-Gongbujiangda riftzone. Large quantities of Earth's tectonic evolution event record,is the focus of domestic and international geology concern.
The magmatism of Tibet plateau was violent,the process in Tibet plateau uplifting accompany with magmatic activities in different times,also closeness to the formation of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Gangdise-Nyainqêntanglha tectonic magmatite belts is the most intense magmatism activity area, Poindo-Zayuensis tectonic magmatite belts is subzone of Gangdise-Nyainqêntanglha tectonic magmatite belts.
Petrology,Metallotectonics,Petrotectonic,Magma dynamics et al as scientific guidance,aim at existing questions and shortage problem of intrusive rock in the east segment of the Gangdise magmatic subzone, close connection with intrusive rock and geotectonics as the way, tectonic-magma geologic event’s internal relation as clue to research in intrusive rock of this area.
According to the request of“the National assessment of mineral resources potential project”, the general idea about structural evolution in research area for long periods.“the National assessment of mineral resources potential project”put the area of Brahmaputra and Bangong-Nujiang suture zone in Tibet Plateau divided into four tectonic magmatite subzone,these are:western Gangdese tectonic magmatite subzone, Shiquanhe-Xainza-Jiali tectonic magmatite subzone, Nianqing Tanggula tectonic magmatite subzone,and southern Gangdise tectonic magmatite subzone.Research area divided into three groups:Ningzhong-Menba group,Basum-Demula group,Luobadui-Songduo-Gongbujiangda group.
Preliminary research found that intrusive rock of Triassic period in research area mainly are Late Triassic epoch intrusive mass.From spatial position,intrusive rock in late Triassic period prior to Ordovician-Permian stratum,local area intruded in granite of Upper Crataceous. Intermediate-acidic intrusive rocks has obvious zonation,from west to east,lithology characters from granodiorite developed into monzogranite.Chemical composition of rock with obvious trend,at the same time,silica from high to low and then from low to high, sodium oxide gradually decline, potassium oxide increase gradually, K_(60) gradually increase. K_(60) variation trend indicate that Magma source area gradually deepen.
Intermediate-acidic intrusive bodies of Jurassic Period comparatively centralized,mainly in Menba area&Motuo area,rock type mainly are monzogranite, granodiorite and granite,et al.Formation time of intrusive bodies of Jurassic Period:from south to north,from old to new. Isotopic age of southern area mainly focus on 198-187Ma, Isotopic age of northern area mainly focus on 140Ma or so on.
In study area, Mesozoic magmatism reach the highest estate in the Crataceous period,in the Early Crataceous Epoch also intense.Early Crataceous intermediate-acidic intrusive rock structurally controlled by nearly west east&northwest-southeast direction,spatially distributed as string shape which apparently nearly east-west direction or northwest-southeast direction. Monzogranite intrusive body belongs to Sangri & Luoqingla mainly are batholith, genetic type belongs to S-type granites, structural setting roughly belongs to Collision tectonic environment. I-S type intermediate-acidic intrusive rock of Lilong county in Nyingchi.
Magmatism activity in the Late cretaceous period still intense,mainly focus on 99-65Ma.Early stage on Tangbula,nuri,duogacuo area of Nyingchi county.Along with the fracture are monzonitic granite batholith;till the Mid-Late period mainly are syenogranite,granite and monzonitic granite batholith in the area of Jiali&Menba area.Granite intruded into Jurassic strata,and intruded in Early Crataceous granite,which indicate magmatism activity in the Cretaceous period are continuous.The outcrop of Intermediate-acidic intrusive rock mainly are S-type granite, structural settings mainly are collision.
Magmatism activity in the Crataceous period intensely,intrusive rock widely distributed,the time of magmatism activity,space distribution closely related to tectonic movement stage&tectonic settings. The outcrop of intrusive rock types mainly are granodiorite, quartzdiorite, tonalite, monzonitic granite, syenogranite and granite,et al.As a whole, as time goes on,magmatism activity from north to south gradually intense,mainly displays in the outcrop area,the outcrop area of Late cretaceous intrusive bodies mainly focus on south area,but the outcrop area of Early cretaceous intrusive bodies mainly focus on north area.In the while area,magmatism activity with two mainly active stage: 107-133Ma&99-65Ma.
To sum up the temporal distribution of intermediate-acidic intrusive rocks of Mesozoic period in the research area are:
1.Early-Middle Triassic period intermediate-acidic intrusive rocks covered;
2.Late Triassic period intermediate-acidic intrusive rocks exposed only a small area;
3.Jurassic Period magmatism activity appears strong-weak-strong tendency;
4.The cretaceous magmatism in the Mesozoic period is most active,which appears the outcrop area of intrusive rock in the Crataceous period was much bigger than the others.
引文
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