考虑轮对弹性时车辆系统动力学建模与仿真分析
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摘要
在世界上铁路开通的初期,由于轮轨接触点的运动而引起的车辆一轨道系统动力学问题就被提出来了,但对机车车辆系统进行动力学分析时并不考虑各个部件的弹性效应,而通常将其处理为刚体。随着现代铁道车辆的发展,出现了许多新的技术,车辆各部件之间的联系也越来越复杂,并且随着轻型化结构在车辆中的应用,以及列车运行速度的提高,使得在车辆的稳定性、安全性分析上考虑部件的柔性对整车动力学的影响已不容忽视。本文正是在这种背景下,以国内某动车组为原型,开展了铁道车辆多体系统动力学建模与仿真研究工作。
在分析轮对结构的基础上,论文详细阐述了车辆弹性体轮对动力学建模的过程,联合利用计算机辅助设计软件Solidworks、有限元软件ANSYS和多体动力学仿真软件SIMPACK,建立了弹性体轮对动力学模型。在分析动车组车辆的运动学关系与悬挂结构的基础上,建立了考虑轮对弹性效应的车辆多体动力学模型。
由于考虑了轮对的结构弹性,轮对结构的弹性变形在车辆运行过程中表现出来。为了探明轮对的弹性变形效应对车辆动力学性能的影响,开展了轮对为弹性体的车辆系统动力学仿真分析。通过分析轮对横向位移的时间历程判定了弹性体轮对车辆的临界速度,以此确定车辆运动的稳定性;研究了车辆在德国高速低干扰谱激励作用下的车辆运行平稳性;仿真分析了车辆通过不同曲线线路时的轮轨横向力、轮轨垂向力、轮轴横向力、轮重减载率和脱轨系数的时间响应历程。并将轮对为弹性和刚性时的车辆系统动力学仿真结果进行了对比。结果表明,轮对的弹性变形效应降低了车辆的临界速度,但幅值不大;轮对弹性变形效应对车辆的运行平稳性和曲线通过性能也有微弱程度的影响。
The problem of vehicle-track dynamics caused by the moving of the wheel/rail contact point was presented at the beginning of railway operation. All of the vehicle components were modeled as rigid bodies in multi-body system dynamics analysis, and the elastic deformation was not taken into account. With the development of modern railway, many new techniques appear. The kinematics relations between vehicle components became more complicated. When the lightweight structures are used in high-speed vehicles, the affection of the elastic deformation of vehicle components on vehicle dynamics can not be ignored when analyzing the vehicle stability and security. Therefore, the modeling and simulation of the vehicle multi-body system dynamics were studied.
The process of modeling elastic wheelsets dynamics was presented based on the analysis of wheelset structure. The dynamics model of elastic wheelset was modeled applying SolidWorks, ANSYS and SIMPACK softwares. The vehicle multi-body system dynamics model considering the wheelset elastic deformation was established based on the studies on vehicle kinematics relations and vehilce suspension structures.
The elastic deformation of wheelsets appears in vehicle operation due to the structural elasticity of wheelset were considered. The simulations on elastic- wheelset vehicle system dynamics were done in order to investigating the effect of wheelset elastic deformation on vehicle dynamics. The elastic-wheelset vehicle critical speed was obtained by analysing the history of lateral displacement of elastic wheelset. Then the vehicle running stability can be confirmed. The vehicle riding quality under the excitation of German high speed track spectrum was analyzed. The wheel/rail lateral force, the wheel/rail vertical force, the wheel/axle force, the reduction rate of wheel load and the derailment coefficient were simulated and analyzed when vehicles run on different curves. The results simulated by the elastic-wheelset vehicle system dynamics and the rigid-wheelset vehicle system dynamics were compared. The results show that the vehicle critical speed reduces and the vehicle riding quality and the curve negotiation performance are affected a little when the elastic deformation of wheelsets are considered.
在分析轮对结构的基础上,论文详细阐述了车辆弹性体轮对动力学建模的过程,联合利用计算机辅助设计软件Solidworks、有限元软件ANSYS和多体动力学仿真软件SIMPACK,建立了弹性体轮对动力学模型。在分析动车组车辆的运动学关系与悬挂结构的基础上,建立了考虑轮对弹性效应的车辆多体动力学模型。
由于考虑了轮对的结构弹性,轮对结构的弹性变形在车辆运行过程中表现出来。为了探明轮对的弹性变形效应对车辆动力学性能的影响,开展了轮对为弹性体的车辆系统动力学仿真分析。通过分析轮对横向位移的时间历程判定了弹性体轮对车辆的临界速度,以此确定车辆运动的稳定性;研究了车辆在德国高速低干扰谱激励作用下的车辆运行平稳性;仿真分析了车辆通过不同曲线线路时的轮轨横向力、轮轨垂向力、轮轴横向力、轮重减载率和脱轨系数的时间响应历程。并将轮对为弹性和刚性时的车辆系统动力学仿真结果进行了对比。结果表明,轮对的弹性变形效应降低了车辆的临界速度,但幅值不大;轮对弹性变形效应对车辆的运行平稳性和曲线通过性能也有微弱程度的影响。
The problem of vehicle-track dynamics caused by the moving of the wheel/rail contact point was presented at the beginning of railway operation. All of the vehicle components were modeled as rigid bodies in multi-body system dynamics analysis, and the elastic deformation was not taken into account. With the development of modern railway, many new techniques appear. The kinematics relations between vehicle components became more complicated. When the lightweight structures are used in high-speed vehicles, the affection of the elastic deformation of vehicle components on vehicle dynamics can not be ignored when analyzing the vehicle stability and security. Therefore, the modeling and simulation of the vehicle multi-body system dynamics were studied.
The process of modeling elastic wheelsets dynamics was presented based on the analysis of wheelset structure. The dynamics model of elastic wheelset was modeled applying SolidWorks, ANSYS and SIMPACK softwares. The vehicle multi-body system dynamics model considering the wheelset elastic deformation was established based on the studies on vehicle kinematics relations and vehilce suspension structures.
The elastic deformation of wheelsets appears in vehicle operation due to the structural elasticity of wheelset were considered. The simulations on elastic- wheelset vehicle system dynamics were done in order to investigating the effect of wheelset elastic deformation on vehicle dynamics. The elastic-wheelset vehicle critical speed was obtained by analysing the history of lateral displacement of elastic wheelset. Then the vehicle running stability can be confirmed. The vehicle riding quality under the excitation of German high speed track spectrum was analyzed. The wheel/rail lateral force, the wheel/rail vertical force, the wheel/axle force, the reduction rate of wheel load and the derailment coefficient were simulated and analyzed when vehicles run on different curves. The results simulated by the elastic-wheelset vehicle system dynamics and the rigid-wheelset vehicle system dynamics were compared. The results show that the vehicle critical speed reduces and the vehicle riding quality and the curve negotiation performance are affected a little when the elastic deformation of wheelsets are considered.
引文
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[16]陆正刚,胡用生.基于刚柔耦合系统的关键零部件动应仿真和疲劳寿命计算.铁道车辆.2006,44(1):6-11
[17]Ingo Kaiser,Karl Popp.Interaction of elastic wheelsets and elastic rails:modeling and simulation.Vehicle System Dynamics Supplement.2006,44:932-939
[18]Stefan Dietz,Gerhard Hippmann,Gunter Schupp.Interaction of Vehicles and Flexible Tracks by Co-Simulation of Multibody Vehicle Systems and Finite Element Track Models.Vehicle System Dynamics Supplement.2002,37:372-384
[19]Clas Andersson Thomas Abrahamsson.Simulation of Interaction Between a Train in General Motion and a Track.Vehicle System Dynamics.2002,4(6):433-455
[20]O.Wallrapp.Flexible Bodies in Multibody System Codes.Vehicle System Dynamics.1998,30:237-256
[21]Nizar Chaar,Mats Berg.Simulation of vehicle-track interaction with flexible wheelsets,moving track models and field tests.Vehicle System Dynamics Supplement.2006,44:921-931
[22]孙竹生,鲍维千.内燃机车总体及走行部.中国铁道出版社,1995
[23]王福天主编.车辆系统动力学.中国铁道出版社,1995
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[25]翟婉明.车辆-轨道耦合动力学.第二版.中国铁道出版社,2002
[26]SIMPACK co,operation.SIMPACK8514 help document 2000
[27]Intec Gmbh,Munchener Str.20,D-82234 Wessling,Germany.SIMPACK User's Manual.2000
[28]Gunter Schupp,Christoph Weidemann&Lutzmauer.Modelling the Contact Between wheel and Rail Within Multibody System Simulation.vehicle system dynamics.2004,41(5):349-364
[29]J.P.Pascal&G Sauvage.New Method for Reducing the Multicontact Wheel/Rail problem to one Equivalent contact patch.Vehicle System Dynamics.1994,(3):475-488
[30]Hiroaki Ishida&Kenji Ueki.A New Continuous Measuring Method of Wheel/Rail force.QR of RTRI.1994,(2)
[31]翟婉明.货物列车动力学性能评定标准的研究与建议方案(续一)--轮轨横向 力评定标准.铁道车辆.2002,40(2):9-10,25
[32]G Sauvage&J.P.Pascal.solution of the multiple wheel and rail contact dynamic problem.Vehicle system dynamics.1990,(19):257-272
[33]H.Scheffel.Unconventional bogie designs-their practical basis and historical background.Vehicle System Dynamics.1995,(24):497-524
[34]SIMPACK cooperation.SIMPACK8514 help document 2000
[35]陈果,翟婉明.铁道轨道不平顺随机过程的数值模拟.西南交通大学学报.1999,34(2):138-142
[36]罗赟.轮轨空间接触的快速算法.西南交通大学硕士论文.1989
[37]严隽耄,王开文.锥形及磨耗形踏面轮对的空间轮轨接触几何约束特点.铁道学报.1985,2
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