耐铅锌微生物的筛选及吸附性能的研究
摘要
随着工业的发展,重金属废水污染已经成为环境保护领域中的一个突出问题。近年来,利用微生物法处理重金属废水是国内外一个新型的研究领域,它具有速度快、选择性高等优点,而且不造成二次污染、对环境友好。为从根本上解决环境问题提供了无限的希望。
本实验从四川省汉源县富泉乡万顺铅锌矿区采集受铅锌污染严重的土壤中,经过连续4次富集培养后,最终在pb~(2+)、Zn~(2+)浓度达到2500 mg/L的培养基上分离得到12株细菌和10株真菌,其中有4株细菌和5株真菌对pb~(2+)、Zn~(2+)最适生长浓度高达2500mg/L,而细菌和真菌同时耐两种重金属(Pb、Zn),在国内外少有报道。通过其干菌体对pb~(2+)和Zn~(2+)的吸附试验,从而筛选出具有较强耐受性和生物吸附能力的细菌菌株B6和真菌菌株F1,B6菌株吸附pb~(2+)、Zn~(2+)的吸附率分别为89.31%和78.72%,吸附量分别为44.66mg/g和39.36mg/g;F1菌株吸附pb~(2+)、Zn~(2+)的吸附率为92.28%和93.16%,吸附量分别为46.14mg/g和46.58mg/g。运用16S rDNA基因序列分析表明,B6菌株属于里拉微球菌(Micrococcus lylae)。用形态及理化特征鉴定,F1菌株属于镰刀霉菌属(Fusarium sp.)。
利用菌株B6和真菌菌株F1干菌体对pb~(2+)和Zn~(2+)的吸附试验,探讨了pH值、吸附时间、菌量、pb~(2+)、Zn~(2+)的初始浓度和温度对B6和F1菌株的吸附影响,结果表明:pH值为5.0～6.0是菌体吸附的适宜范围。两株菌对pb~(2+)、Zn~(2+)吸附是一个快速的过程而非依赖温度的过程,在吸附10min时,两株菌对重金属的吸附率都达到其最大吸附率的70%以上。pb~(2+)、Zn~(2+)初始浓度在150 mg/L～300 mg/L内,B6和F1菌株吸附效果明显。当B6菌株的菌量超过0.1g,F1菌株的菌量超过0.2g后吸附率趋于平缓。
通过对四因素三水平的正交试验结果分析,pH值对B6菌株和F1菌株的吸附有极显著影响,时间和菌量对B6菌株和F1菌株的吸附有显著影响,重金属浓度对吸附无显著影响。
应用Langmuir和Freundlich吸附等温线研究,Langmuir吸附等温线更为适合模拟B6和F1菌株的吸附过程,表明这两株菌的吸附既包括物理吸附,又含有化学吸附的复杂过程。B6和F1菌株吸附pb~(2+)、Zn~(2+)的动力学过程都可以用准二级动力学方程进行描述。根据对吸附特性的分析,初步认为B6和F1菌株吸附pb~(2+)、Zn~(2+)的过程是一个以细胞表面的静电吸附和络合反应为主的物理化学吸附过程。
将B6和F1菌株处理含铅锌冶炼厂的重金属废水,对Pb~(2+)、Zn~(2+)、Cd~(2+)、Ni~(2+)有较高的吸附率,且处理后Pb~(2+)、Zn~(2+)和Ni~(2+)的浓度低于污水综合排放标准(GB8978-1996)一级标准,表明B6和F1菌株对二价金属离子具有广谱吸附活性,展示了良好的工业应用前景。
With the development of industry,the heavy metals pollution has been a prominent problem in the field of environmental protection.Using microbial treatment technology to remove heavy metals from wastewater has become a new hotspot recently.It not only has the advantages of high speed and high selectivity but also do not create the second pollution as well as be friendly to environment.So it arouses immense hope to ultimately tackle the environmental problems.
After 4 times continuous enrichment cultivation,twenty-two strains with ability of Pb~(2+) and Zn~(2+) tolerance,including 12 bacteria and 10 fungi strains,were isolated from the soil collected from Hanyuan county Sichuan province.4 strains of bacteria and 5 strains of fungi have best growth when the concentration of Pb~(2+) and Zn~(2+) was 2500 mg/L.However,bacteria and fungi strains that can tolerant Pb~(2+) and Zn~(2+) at the same time were seldom reported home and abroad.Bacteria strain B6 and fungi strain F1 had high tolerance and adsorb activity of heavy metal,and their adsorption rate of Pb~(2+), Zn~(2+) reached more than 89.31%and 78.72%,and the adsorption quantity were 44.66mg/g and 39.36mg/g respectively;the adsorption rate of Pb~(2+),Zn~(2+) by strain F1 were 92.28%and 93.16%,and the adsorption quantity were 46.14mg/g and 46.58mg/g. The bacterium B6 was identified as Micrococcus lylae and fungus F1 was identified as Fusarium sp.preliminary.
Using bacteria strain B6 and fungi strain F1 to remove Pb~(2+),Zn~(2+) explores whether the adsorption is dependent on time,the amount of bacteria,the initial concentration of Pb~(2+) and Zn~(2+) and the temperature or not.The results indicated that pH5.0～6.0 was a feasible range.The biosorption of the two strains on Pb~(2+) and Zn~(2+) is a rapid process which was independent on time that after 10-minite adsorption,the adsorption rate of both bacteria strain B6 and fungi strain F1 have reached 70%of their highest figure.B6 and F1 strains have obvious absorbing effect when initial concentration of Pb~(2+) and Zn~(2+) is 150 mg/L～300 mg/L.When biomass of B6 strain is more than 0.1g,and F1 strains in excess of 0.2g,the biosorption rate tends to slow down.
The result of orthogonal test suggested that,the pH affected removal rate of Pb~(2+) and Zn~(2+) strongly,the time and the amount of bacteria also affected the removal ration, and the concentration of heavy metal had no affection to removal ration.
Both of the Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherms were studied,which indicated that the Langmuir model well fitted this experimental data and the Pb~(2(?)) and Zn~(2+) adsorption by strain B6 and F1 was a complex process including not only physical adsorption but also chemical adsorption.The dynamics of the sorption system was better described by the pseudo-second kinetic model.According to the properties of Pb~(2+)、Zn~(2+) biosorption by strains B6 and F1,the biosorption mechanism was preliminarily regarded as a physical-chemical process of electrostatic adsorbing and chelation on cell surface.
Strains B6 and F1 which was used to remove heavy metals in contaminated waste have high adsorption rate on Pb~(2+),Zn~(2-) Cd~(2-) and Ni~(2+),and the concentration of Pb~(2(?)), Zn~(2+) and Ni~(2+) in treated wastewater achieved the national discharge standards,which showed that strain B6 and F1 could be widely used to adsorb the divalent heavy metal ions and possessed the excellent application potential in environmental engineering.
本实验从四川省汉源县富泉乡万顺铅锌矿区采集受铅锌污染严重的土壤中,经过连续4次富集培养后,最终在pb~(2+)、Zn~(2+)浓度达到2500 mg/L的培养基上分离得到12株细菌和10株真菌,其中有4株细菌和5株真菌对pb~(2+)、Zn~(2+)最适生长浓度高达2500mg/L,而细菌和真菌同时耐两种重金属(Pb、Zn),在国内外少有报道。通过其干菌体对pb~(2+)和Zn~(2+)的吸附试验,从而筛选出具有较强耐受性和生物吸附能力的细菌菌株B6和真菌菌株F1,B6菌株吸附pb~(2+)、Zn~(2+)的吸附率分别为89.31%和78.72%,吸附量分别为44.66mg/g和39.36mg/g;F1菌株吸附pb~(2+)、Zn~(2+)的吸附率为92.28%和93.16%,吸附量分别为46.14mg/g和46.58mg/g。运用16S rDNA基因序列分析表明,B6菌株属于里拉微球菌(Micrococcus lylae)。用形态及理化特征鉴定,F1菌株属于镰刀霉菌属(Fusarium sp.)。
利用菌株B6和真菌菌株F1干菌体对pb~(2+)和Zn~(2+)的吸附试验,探讨了pH值、吸附时间、菌量、pb~(2+)、Zn~(2+)的初始浓度和温度对B6和F1菌株的吸附影响,结果表明:pH值为5.0～6.0是菌体吸附的适宜范围。两株菌对pb~(2+)、Zn~(2+)吸附是一个快速的过程而非依赖温度的过程,在吸附10min时,两株菌对重金属的吸附率都达到其最大吸附率的70%以上。pb~(2+)、Zn~(2+)初始浓度在150 mg/L～300 mg/L内,B6和F1菌株吸附效果明显。当B6菌株的菌量超过0.1g,F1菌株的菌量超过0.2g后吸附率趋于平缓。
通过对四因素三水平的正交试验结果分析,pH值对B6菌株和F1菌株的吸附有极显著影响,时间和菌量对B6菌株和F1菌株的吸附有显著影响,重金属浓度对吸附无显著影响。
应用Langmuir和Freundlich吸附等温线研究,Langmuir吸附等温线更为适合模拟B6和F1菌株的吸附过程,表明这两株菌的吸附既包括物理吸附,又含有化学吸附的复杂过程。B6和F1菌株吸附pb~(2+)、Zn~(2+)的动力学过程都可以用准二级动力学方程进行描述。根据对吸附特性的分析,初步认为B6和F1菌株吸附pb~(2+)、Zn~(2+)的过程是一个以细胞表面的静电吸附和络合反应为主的物理化学吸附过程。
将B6和F1菌株处理含铅锌冶炼厂的重金属废水,对Pb~(2+)、Zn~(2+)、Cd~(2+)、Ni~(2+)有较高的吸附率,且处理后Pb~(2+)、Zn~(2+)和Ni~(2+)的浓度低于污水综合排放标准(GB8978-1996)一级标准,表明B6和F1菌株对二价金属离子具有广谱吸附活性,展示了良好的工业应用前景。
With the development of industry,the heavy metals pollution has been a prominent problem in the field of environmental protection.Using microbial treatment technology to remove heavy metals from wastewater has become a new hotspot recently.It not only has the advantages of high speed and high selectivity but also do not create the second pollution as well as be friendly to environment.So it arouses immense hope to ultimately tackle the environmental problems.
After 4 times continuous enrichment cultivation,twenty-two strains with ability of Pb~(2+) and Zn~(2+) tolerance,including 12 bacteria and 10 fungi strains,were isolated from the soil collected from Hanyuan county Sichuan province.4 strains of bacteria and 5 strains of fungi have best growth when the concentration of Pb~(2+) and Zn~(2+) was 2500 mg/L.However,bacteria and fungi strains that can tolerant Pb~(2+) and Zn~(2+) at the same time were seldom reported home and abroad.Bacteria strain B6 and fungi strain F1 had high tolerance and adsorb activity of heavy metal,and their adsorption rate of Pb~(2+), Zn~(2+) reached more than 89.31%and 78.72%,and the adsorption quantity were 44.66mg/g and 39.36mg/g respectively;the adsorption rate of Pb~(2+),Zn~(2+) by strain F1 were 92.28%and 93.16%,and the adsorption quantity were 46.14mg/g and 46.58mg/g. The bacterium B6 was identified as Micrococcus lylae and fungus F1 was identified as Fusarium sp.preliminary.
Using bacteria strain B6 and fungi strain F1 to remove Pb~(2+),Zn~(2+) explores whether the adsorption is dependent on time,the amount of bacteria,the initial concentration of Pb~(2+) and Zn~(2+) and the temperature or not.The results indicated that pH5.0～6.0 was a feasible range.The biosorption of the two strains on Pb~(2+) and Zn~(2+) is a rapid process which was independent on time that after 10-minite adsorption,the adsorption rate of both bacteria strain B6 and fungi strain F1 have reached 70%of their highest figure.B6 and F1 strains have obvious absorbing effect when initial concentration of Pb~(2+) and Zn~(2+) is 150 mg/L～300 mg/L.When biomass of B6 strain is more than 0.1g,and F1 strains in excess of 0.2g,the biosorption rate tends to slow down.
The result of orthogonal test suggested that,the pH affected removal rate of Pb~(2+) and Zn~(2+) strongly,the time and the amount of bacteria also affected the removal ration, and the concentration of heavy metal had no affection to removal ration.
Both of the Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherms were studied,which indicated that the Langmuir model well fitted this experimental data and the Pb~(2(?)) and Zn~(2+) adsorption by strain B6 and F1 was a complex process including not only physical adsorption but also chemical adsorption.The dynamics of the sorption system was better described by the pseudo-second kinetic model.According to the properties of Pb~(2+)、Zn~(2+) biosorption by strains B6 and F1,the biosorption mechanism was preliminarily regarded as a physical-chemical process of electrostatic adsorbing and chelation on cell surface.
Strains B6 and F1 which was used to remove heavy metals in contaminated waste have high adsorption rate on Pb~(2+),Zn~(2-) Cd~(2-) and Ni~(2+),and the concentration of Pb~(2(?)), Zn~(2+) and Ni~(2+) in treated wastewater achieved the national discharge standards,which showed that strain B6 and F1 could be widely used to adsorb the divalent heavy metal ions and possessed the excellent application potential in environmental engineering.
引文
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