光子晶体波导型器件及其在太赫兹技术中的应用
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摘要
包括二维平面光子晶体波导及光子晶体光纤在内的光子晶体波导在光子晶体领域中占有极其重要的地位。在光子集成、光通讯及光传感等领域,光子晶体波导均有重要应用价值。本论文针对光子晶体波导器件展开研究工作,主要研究了光子晶体波导中的慢光效应、光子晶体多模波导中的自成像效应、基于自成像效应和全禁带效应的偏振分束器、聚合物光子晶体太赫兹波导及椭圆多孔双折射太赫兹波导。研究工作总结如下：
(1)研究了两种单光子晶体界面二维介质波导的慢光效应。一种是基于光子晶体禁带约束效应的单光子晶体界面介质波导,由于利用了色散曲线拐点附近具有较低群速色散的位置,该波导具有良好的慢光特性。而另外一种是基于负折射光子晶体,由于利用负折射光子晶体替代左手材料,可以克服左手材料通常面临的高损耗难题。我们对这种负折射光子晶体波导中的慢光特性进行了深入分析,并实现了一种可能用于双波长激光器及放大器的高Q值开放式谐振腔。
(2)探讨了光子晶体多模波导中的多模干涉效应及自成像效应。对完全禁带二维光子晶体中的自成像效应进行了初步探索,并首次基于全禁带光子晶体中的自成像效应,提出了一种新颖的具有良好偏振分束性能的光子晶体偏振分束器。该分束器两个输出端口的偏振消光比分别达到了22.9dB和19.2dB。
(3)研究了聚合物光子晶体太赫兹波导。包括：1)设计了一种纤芯和包层均为二维空气孔阵列的光子晶体太赫兹波导,并研究了纤芯为椭圆孔阵列的这种光子晶体波导的双折射特性。2)我们首次提出并研究了一种新颖的压缩晶格的椭圆多孔双折射太赫兹波导。该波导具有很高的双折射系数,并且由于空气孔阵列的引入而可以有效降低太赫兹波的传输损耗。
(4)实验研究了激光辐照条件下高阻硅对太赫兹波的透射特性,探讨了高阻硅用于波导型太赫兹光电调制器件的可能性。利用特氟龙微细线和微细管制作了几种光子晶体太赫兹波导,并使用太赫兹时域谱系统及返波管连续太赫兹源对光子晶体太赫兹波导的基本传输特性进行了实验表征。
Photonic crystal waveguides, includes two-dimensional plane photonic crystal waveguides and photonic crystal fibers, have been intensively researched by many groups. And photonic crystal waveguides show potential applications in many important areas like photonic integrated circuits, optical communications, optical sensing, and so on. The thesis mainly focused on photonic crystal waveguide devices, our work included slow light effect in photonic crystal waveguides, self-imaging phenomenon in multi-mode photonic crystal waveguides, a polarization splitter based on the combination of self-imaging and complete photonic bandgap, polymer photonic crystal terahertz waveguides and multiple elliptical-hole birefrigent terahertz waveguides. We also fabricated several kinds of polymer photonic crystal terahertz waveguides. Main works of the dissertation are list as follows:
Firstly, slow light effects in two kinds of two-dimensional dielectric waveguides with single photonic interface were investigated. One is a photonic crystal waveguide based on the photonic bandgap, the structure shows good properties for slow light purpose, since the low GVD property of the dispersion curves near the inflection points in the slow light region is used. The other is based on a photonic crystal with negative effective refractive index. Slow light properties of the waveguide were investigated in details, and we also realized a kind of two-frequency open cavity with high Q-factor, which may find applications in two-frequency lasers and applifiers.
Secondly, multi-mode interference and self-imaging in multi-mode photonic crystal waveguides are introduced. We preliminarily studied self-imaging phenomenon of a multi-mode photonic crystal waveguides in an anisotropic photonic crystal with comple bandgap, by which, we firstly proposed a novel polarization beam splitter on the combination of the self-imaging phenomena and the absolute bandgap of a photonic crystal. We got polarization extinction ratios of 22.9dB and 19.2dB for the two ouput ports of the splitter, respectively.
Thirdly, we focused on polymer photonic crystal terahertz fibers and birefringent terahertz fibers. A kind of photonic crystal terahertz fiber with air-holes array in both the core and cladding was proposed, and birefringent properties of the fiber with elliptical-hole array in the core were also studied. We firstly proposed a novel elliptical-hole birefringent terahertz fiber with squeezed lattices, which shows ultra-high birefringence in a wide terahertz range, and the propagation loss can be effectively reduced since a dominant fraction of the terahertz power are propagating in the air-holes of the fiber structure.
At last, transmission property of high-resistance silicon under laser radiation was studied, which may be used as waveguide-type opto-electronic modulation devices in terahertz frequency range. Using teflon microwires and micro-tubes, several kinds of photonic crystal terahertz waveguides were fabricated, and we also experimentally characterized one of the photonic crystal terahertz waveguides by a terahertz time-domain system and a continuous BWO (backward wave osciallator) terahertz source.
(1)研究了两种单光子晶体界面二维介质波导的慢光效应。一种是基于光子晶体禁带约束效应的单光子晶体界面介质波导,由于利用了色散曲线拐点附近具有较低群速色散的位置,该波导具有良好的慢光特性。而另外一种是基于负折射光子晶体,由于利用负折射光子晶体替代左手材料,可以克服左手材料通常面临的高损耗难题。我们对这种负折射光子晶体波导中的慢光特性进行了深入分析,并实现了一种可能用于双波长激光器及放大器的高Q值开放式谐振腔。
(2)探讨了光子晶体多模波导中的多模干涉效应及自成像效应。对完全禁带二维光子晶体中的自成像效应进行了初步探索,并首次基于全禁带光子晶体中的自成像效应,提出了一种新颖的具有良好偏振分束性能的光子晶体偏振分束器。该分束器两个输出端口的偏振消光比分别达到了22.9dB和19.2dB。
(3)研究了聚合物光子晶体太赫兹波导。包括：1)设计了一种纤芯和包层均为二维空气孔阵列的光子晶体太赫兹波导,并研究了纤芯为椭圆孔阵列的这种光子晶体波导的双折射特性。2)我们首次提出并研究了一种新颖的压缩晶格的椭圆多孔双折射太赫兹波导。该波导具有很高的双折射系数,并且由于空气孔阵列的引入而可以有效降低太赫兹波的传输损耗。
(4)实验研究了激光辐照条件下高阻硅对太赫兹波的透射特性,探讨了高阻硅用于波导型太赫兹光电调制器件的可能性。利用特氟龙微细线和微细管制作了几种光子晶体太赫兹波导,并使用太赫兹时域谱系统及返波管连续太赫兹源对光子晶体太赫兹波导的基本传输特性进行了实验表征。
Photonic crystal waveguides, includes two-dimensional plane photonic crystal waveguides and photonic crystal fibers, have been intensively researched by many groups. And photonic crystal waveguides show potential applications in many important areas like photonic integrated circuits, optical communications, optical sensing, and so on. The thesis mainly focused on photonic crystal waveguide devices, our work included slow light effect in photonic crystal waveguides, self-imaging phenomenon in multi-mode photonic crystal waveguides, a polarization splitter based on the combination of self-imaging and complete photonic bandgap, polymer photonic crystal terahertz waveguides and multiple elliptical-hole birefrigent terahertz waveguides. We also fabricated several kinds of polymer photonic crystal terahertz waveguides. Main works of the dissertation are list as follows:
Firstly, slow light effects in two kinds of two-dimensional dielectric waveguides with single photonic interface were investigated. One is a photonic crystal waveguide based on the photonic bandgap, the structure shows good properties for slow light purpose, since the low GVD property of the dispersion curves near the inflection points in the slow light region is used. The other is based on a photonic crystal with negative effective refractive index. Slow light properties of the waveguide were investigated in details, and we also realized a kind of two-frequency open cavity with high Q-factor, which may find applications in two-frequency lasers and applifiers.
Secondly, multi-mode interference and self-imaging in multi-mode photonic crystal waveguides are introduced. We preliminarily studied self-imaging phenomenon of a multi-mode photonic crystal waveguides in an anisotropic photonic crystal with comple bandgap, by which, we firstly proposed a novel polarization beam splitter on the combination of the self-imaging phenomena and the absolute bandgap of a photonic crystal. We got polarization extinction ratios of 22.9dB and 19.2dB for the two ouput ports of the splitter, respectively.
Thirdly, we focused on polymer photonic crystal terahertz fibers and birefringent terahertz fibers. A kind of photonic crystal terahertz fiber with air-holes array in both the core and cladding was proposed, and birefringent properties of the fiber with elliptical-hole array in the core were also studied. We firstly proposed a novel elliptical-hole birefringent terahertz fiber with squeezed lattices, which shows ultra-high birefringence in a wide terahertz range, and the propagation loss can be effectively reduced since a dominant fraction of the terahertz power are propagating in the air-holes of the fiber structure.
At last, transmission property of high-resistance silicon under laser radiation was studied, which may be used as waveguide-type opto-electronic modulation devices in terahertz frequency range. Using teflon microwires and micro-tubes, several kinds of photonic crystal terahertz waveguides were fabricated, and we also experimentally characterized one of the photonic crystal terahertz waveguides by a terahertz time-domain system and a continuous BWO (backward wave osciallator) terahertz source.
引文
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