有源微环谐振腔动态特性的理论研究
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摘要
近年来,微环谐振腔是光子集成领域研究的一个新热点,国内外研究者对其展开了广泛深入的理论和实验研究。由于具有成本低、紧凑的结构、插入损耗小、串扰低、易于集成等优点,微环谐振腔被认为是未来超大规模光子集成的基石。
本论文以光延时为应用背景,利用载流子速率方程和光场传播方程建立仿真模型,对全通有源微环谐振器的动态特性进行数值模拟。主要内容有:
(1)介绍了微环谐振腔的工作原理,并根据微环谐振腔的传递函数,模拟了上下路结构微环谐振腔和全通微环谐振腔的传输特性以及全通结构微环谐振腔的光延时特性。
(2)根据耦合模理论,建立了有源和无源两平行直波导的耦合模型,讨论了相位匹配和相位失配两种情况下的光场传输特性。在此基础上模拟计算了无源直波导和有源弯曲波导的耦合,分别讨论了弯曲半径、入射光功率、耦合间隔层厚度对耦合系数、耦合长度、振幅耦合系数的影响。
(3)采用分段模型,对有源波导进行了静态和动态模拟。
(4)结合无源直波导与有源弯曲波导耦合模型和半导体光放大器分段模型对全通有源微环谐振腔的动态特性进行了数值模拟。通过静态模拟得到了微环谐振腔的光谱响应曲线;通过动态模拟分析了不同脉冲宽度、不同耦合间隔层厚度以及不同的微环半径对全通有源微环谐振腔的光延时特性的影响。
Microring resonator has been a new issue in the field of Photonic integrated in recent years. Researchers at home and abroad put heart into it in theoretical and experimental research. Microring resonator has been respected as the only viable candidate for VLSI photonics due to its advantages of low cost, compact structure, possibility of dense integration, small insertion loss and low crosstalk loss.
In this thesis, we establish a simulation model by carrier rate equation and light field propagation equation in the application context of group delay. We study the dynamic characteristic of all-pass active microring resonator with numerical simulation. The main contents are as follows:
(1) Introducing the working principle of microring resonator. According to the transfer function of microring resonator, , we simulate the transmission characteristics of the add-drop microring resonator and all-pass microring resonator and the group delay characteristics of all-pass microring resonator.
(2) According to the coupled mode theory, we establish the coupled model of active and passive two parallel straight waveguides. Meanwhile, we discuss the transmission characteristics of optical field in phase-matching and phase-mismatching this two conditions. And then, we simulate the coupled situation of passive straight waveguide and active curved waveguide respectively. We discuss the influence of coupling coefficient, coupling length and amplitude coupling coefficient from curved radius, input power and thickness of the coupling interval.
(3) We study the static and dynamic simulation of active waveguide by using segment model.
(4) Combining passive straight waveguide, active curved waveguide coupled model and segment model of semiconductor optical amplifiers, Numerical Simulation is made through dynamic characteristic of all-pass active microring resonator. We get the Spectral response curves of microring resonator by static characteristic. We get the impact of group delay characteristic for all-pass active microring resonator by dynamic simulation analysis with different pulse width, coupling interval thickness and radius of microring.
本论文以光延时为应用背景,利用载流子速率方程和光场传播方程建立仿真模型,对全通有源微环谐振器的动态特性进行数值模拟。主要内容有:
(1)介绍了微环谐振腔的工作原理,并根据微环谐振腔的传递函数,模拟了上下路结构微环谐振腔和全通微环谐振腔的传输特性以及全通结构微环谐振腔的光延时特性。
(2)根据耦合模理论,建立了有源和无源两平行直波导的耦合模型,讨论了相位匹配和相位失配两种情况下的光场传输特性。在此基础上模拟计算了无源直波导和有源弯曲波导的耦合,分别讨论了弯曲半径、入射光功率、耦合间隔层厚度对耦合系数、耦合长度、振幅耦合系数的影响。
(3)采用分段模型,对有源波导进行了静态和动态模拟。
(4)结合无源直波导与有源弯曲波导耦合模型和半导体光放大器分段模型对全通有源微环谐振腔的动态特性进行了数值模拟。通过静态模拟得到了微环谐振腔的光谱响应曲线;通过动态模拟分析了不同脉冲宽度、不同耦合间隔层厚度以及不同的微环半径对全通有源微环谐振腔的光延时特性的影响。
Microring resonator has been a new issue in the field of Photonic integrated in recent years. Researchers at home and abroad put heart into it in theoretical and experimental research. Microring resonator has been respected as the only viable candidate for VLSI photonics due to its advantages of low cost, compact structure, possibility of dense integration, small insertion loss and low crosstalk loss.
In this thesis, we establish a simulation model by carrier rate equation and light field propagation equation in the application context of group delay. We study the dynamic characteristic of all-pass active microring resonator with numerical simulation. The main contents are as follows:
(1) Introducing the working principle of microring resonator. According to the transfer function of microring resonator, , we simulate the transmission characteristics of the add-drop microring resonator and all-pass microring resonator and the group delay characteristics of all-pass microring resonator.
(2) According to the coupled mode theory, we establish the coupled model of active and passive two parallel straight waveguides. Meanwhile, we discuss the transmission characteristics of optical field in phase-matching and phase-mismatching this two conditions. And then, we simulate the coupled situation of passive straight waveguide and active curved waveguide respectively. We discuss the influence of coupling coefficient, coupling length and amplitude coupling coefficient from curved radius, input power and thickness of the coupling interval.
(3) We study the static and dynamic simulation of active waveguide by using segment model.
(4) Combining passive straight waveguide, active curved waveguide coupled model and segment model of semiconductor optical amplifiers, Numerical Simulation is made through dynamic characteristic of all-pass active microring resonator. We get the Spectral response curves of microring resonator by static characteristic. We get the impact of group delay characteristic for all-pass active microring resonator by dynamic simulation analysis with different pulse width, coupling interval thickness and radius of microring.
引文
[1]滕婕.聚合物基微环谐振腔的基础研究: [硕士学位论文].大连:大连理工大学图书馆, 2007
[2]李林科.基于新型聚合物材料的微环谐振腔的基础研究: [硕士学位论文].大连:大连理工大学图书馆, 2007
[3] Maracatili E.A.J. Bends in optical dielectric guides. The Bell System Technical Journal, 1969, 48(7): 2103~2132
[4]王世军.集成光学环形谐振腔的研究: [硕士学位论文].杭州:浙江大学图书馆, 2008
[5]许晓波.微环谐振器阵列滤波器研究: [硕士学位论文].长春:长春理工大学图书馆, 2007
[6] Troppenz, U. All-active InGaAsP/InP ring cavities for widespread functionalities in the wavelength domain. in: IEEE Electron Devices Society. Conference Proceedings-International Conference on Indium Phosphide and Related Materials. New Jersey: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineer Inc, 2000. 475~478
[7] Matsuo.S, Seqawa.T, Kakitsuka.T. Widely tunable laser using microring resonators. in: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineer Inc. 2006 IEEE 20th International Semiconductor Laser Conference. New Jersey: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineer Inc, 2006. 21~22
[8] M.Hamacher. optically amplifying microring resonator components based on GaInAsP/ InP: challenges and perspectives. Semiconductor Conference. 2004, 1: 179~187
[9] Ronald Dekker, Kerstin Worhoff, Alfred Driessen. All-Optical Swiching In Microring Resonators Using Active Optical Materials. AIP Conference Proceedings, 2004, 709: 419~420
[10] Chunfei Li. Low-power all-optical switches based on active nonlinear interferometers. in: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineer Inc. 2007 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics-Pacific Rim. New Jersey: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineer Inc, 2007. 1~2
[11]韩秀友,庞拂飞,孙国勇.有源波导环形谐振腔滤波特性分析.中国激光, 2005,32(10): 1357~1361
[12]陈海燕,李太全,赵明等.具有内增益环形腔的滤波器特性研究.第十三届集成光学学术会议论文集, 2005. 685~688
[13] C.K.Madsen. Multistage dispersion compensator using ring resonators. Optics Letters, 1999, 24(22): 1555~1557
[14]刘玉辉.新型聚合物波导微环谐振器设计与制作: [硕士学位论文].大连:大连理工大学图书馆, 2008
[15] Rohit Grover. III-V Semiconductor Optical Micro-Ring Resonators. AIP Conference Proceedings, 2004, 709: 110~129
[16] Kuldeep Amarnath. active microring and microdisk optical resonators on indium phosphide: [Doctor of Philosophy Thesis]. Maryland: University of Maryland College Park, 2006
[17] Grover R. Indium Phosphide Based Optical Micro-Ring Resonators: [Doctor of Philosophy Thesis]. Maryland: University of Maryland College Park, 2003
[18] Dimitris Alexandropoulos. Optical Bistability in Active Semiconductor Microring Structures. IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics, 2008, 14(3): 918~926
[19] Hao Shen. Group delay and dispersion analysis of compound high order microring resonator all-pass filter. Optics Communications, 2006, 262: 200~205
[20]曹庄琪.导波光学中的转移矩阵方法. (第一版).上海:上海交通大学出版社, 2000. 1~24
[21]佘守宪.导波光学物理基础. (第一版).北京:北方交通大学出版社, 2000. 133~138
[22] G. H. B. THOMPSON. Analysis of Optical Directional Couplers That Include Gain or Loss and Their Application to Semiconductor Slab Dielectric Guides. Journal of Lightwave Technology, 1986, 11: 1678~1692
[23] Yariv. A. Introduction to optical electronics. (the second edition). New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, Inc, 1976. 391~396
[24]缪庆元.集成双波导SOA和可扩展型有源光开关矩阵的研究: [博士学位论文].武汉:华中科技大学图书馆, 2006
[25]缪庆元.集成双波导半导体光放大器光开关实现波长转换的理论研究.物理学报,2007, 56(2): 902~906
[26] Qingyuan Miao, Dexiu Huang. Theoretical study of gain spectrum and static gain saturation characteristics of integrated twin-guide semiconductor optical amplifier. Optics Express, 2006, 14(15): 6864~6869
[27]郭政华.半导体光放大器理论模型及仿真技术研究: [硕士学位论文].北京:北京交通大学图书馆, 2006
[28]董建绩.基于单端SOA的全光波长转换器的理论和实验研究: [硕士学位论文].武汉:华中科技大学图书馆, 2005
[29] Michael J.Connelly. Wideband Semiconductor Optical Amplifier Steady-State Numerial Model. IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics, 2001, 37(3): 439~447
[30] Michael J.Connelly. Wideband Semiconductor Optical Amplifier Steady-State Numerial Model. IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics, 2001, 37(3): 439~447
[31] C.-S.Ma, X.Yan, Y,-Z.Xu. Simulation of 1×16 microring resonant wavelength multi/demultiplexer with triple vertically coupled microrings in every filter element. IEE Proc.-Optoelectron, 2006, 153(4): 161~168
[32]马春生.光波导模式理论. (第二版).长春:吉林大学出版社, 2007. 339~346
[33]王现银.聚合物微环谐振波分复用器的优化设计与特性分析: [博士学位论文].长春:吉林大学图书馆, 2004
[34]魏环.新型谐振微环电光调制器的耦合特性分析: [硕士学位论文].北京:北京交通大学图书馆, 2004
[35] Tomoyuki Kato. Three-Dimensional Propagation Analysis of Coupling Efficiency Using Segmentation and Local Normal Mode Expansion for Vertically Coupled Microring Resonator Filter. Journal of Lightwave Technology, 2005, 23(8): 2549~2554
[36] Chyng Wen Tee. Fabrication-Tolerant Active-Passive Integration Scheme for Vertically Coupled Microring Resonator. IEEE Journal of Selected. in Quantum Electronics, 2006, 12(1): 108~115
[37] J.V.Hryniewicz. Microring resonator notch filters. in: IEEE-Lasers and Electro-Optical Society. Pacific Rim Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics. New Jersey: IEEE, 2000. 595~596
[38] John E. Optical Transmission Characteristics of Fiber Ring Resonators. IEEE Journalof Quantum Electronics, 2004, 40(6): 726~729
[39] Qingzhong Huang. Characteristics of SOI rib waveguide microring and racetrack resonators. in: Information Society Technolygies. 2008 5th International Conference on Group IV Photonics. New Jersey: Inst. of Elec. and. Elec. Eng. Computer Society, 2008. 143~145
[40]赵辉,丁迎春.环形耦合谐振腔光波导的耦合率对光学延时线的影响.激光杂志, 2008, 29(6): 12~13
[41] Faifei Liu. Optical Tunalbe Delay Line in Silicon Microring Resonator Based on Thermal Nonlinear Effect. IEEE Journal of Selected Topics Quantum Electronics, 2008, 14(3): 706~711
[42] G.Lenz. Optical Delay Lines Bases on Optical Filters. IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics, 2001, 37(4): 525~532
[2]李林科.基于新型聚合物材料的微环谐振腔的基础研究: [硕士学位论文].大连:大连理工大学图书馆, 2007
[3] Maracatili E.A.J. Bends in optical dielectric guides. The Bell System Technical Journal, 1969, 48(7): 2103~2132
[4]王世军.集成光学环形谐振腔的研究: [硕士学位论文].杭州:浙江大学图书馆, 2008
[5]许晓波.微环谐振器阵列滤波器研究: [硕士学位论文].长春:长春理工大学图书馆, 2007
[6] Troppenz, U. All-active InGaAsP/InP ring cavities for widespread functionalities in the wavelength domain. in: IEEE Electron Devices Society. Conference Proceedings-International Conference on Indium Phosphide and Related Materials. New Jersey: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineer Inc, 2000. 475~478
[7] Matsuo.S, Seqawa.T, Kakitsuka.T. Widely tunable laser using microring resonators. in: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineer Inc. 2006 IEEE 20th International Semiconductor Laser Conference. New Jersey: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineer Inc, 2006. 21~22
[8] M.Hamacher. optically amplifying microring resonator components based on GaInAsP/ InP: challenges and perspectives. Semiconductor Conference. 2004, 1: 179~187
[9] Ronald Dekker, Kerstin Worhoff, Alfred Driessen. All-Optical Swiching In Microring Resonators Using Active Optical Materials. AIP Conference Proceedings, 2004, 709: 419~420
[10] Chunfei Li. Low-power all-optical switches based on active nonlinear interferometers. in: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineer Inc. 2007 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics-Pacific Rim. New Jersey: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineer Inc, 2007. 1~2
[11]韩秀友,庞拂飞,孙国勇.有源波导环形谐振腔滤波特性分析.中国激光, 2005,32(10): 1357~1361
[12]陈海燕,李太全,赵明等.具有内增益环形腔的滤波器特性研究.第十三届集成光学学术会议论文集, 2005. 685~688
[13] C.K.Madsen. Multistage dispersion compensator using ring resonators. Optics Letters, 1999, 24(22): 1555~1557
[14]刘玉辉.新型聚合物波导微环谐振器设计与制作: [硕士学位论文].大连:大连理工大学图书馆, 2008
[15] Rohit Grover. III-V Semiconductor Optical Micro-Ring Resonators. AIP Conference Proceedings, 2004, 709: 110~129
[16] Kuldeep Amarnath. active microring and microdisk optical resonators on indium phosphide: [Doctor of Philosophy Thesis]. Maryland: University of Maryland College Park, 2006
[17] Grover R. Indium Phosphide Based Optical Micro-Ring Resonators: [Doctor of Philosophy Thesis]. Maryland: University of Maryland College Park, 2003
[18] Dimitris Alexandropoulos. Optical Bistability in Active Semiconductor Microring Structures. IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics, 2008, 14(3): 918~926
[19] Hao Shen. Group delay and dispersion analysis of compound high order microring resonator all-pass filter. Optics Communications, 2006, 262: 200~205
[20]曹庄琪.导波光学中的转移矩阵方法. (第一版).上海:上海交通大学出版社, 2000. 1~24
[21]佘守宪.导波光学物理基础. (第一版).北京:北方交通大学出版社, 2000. 133~138
[22] G. H. B. THOMPSON. Analysis of Optical Directional Couplers That Include Gain or Loss and Their Application to Semiconductor Slab Dielectric Guides. Journal of Lightwave Technology, 1986, 11: 1678~1692
[23] Yariv. A. Introduction to optical electronics. (the second edition). New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, Inc, 1976. 391~396
[24]缪庆元.集成双波导SOA和可扩展型有源光开关矩阵的研究: [博士学位论文].武汉:华中科技大学图书馆, 2006
[25]缪庆元.集成双波导半导体光放大器光开关实现波长转换的理论研究.物理学报,2007, 56(2): 902~906
[26] Qingyuan Miao, Dexiu Huang. Theoretical study of gain spectrum and static gain saturation characteristics of integrated twin-guide semiconductor optical amplifier. Optics Express, 2006, 14(15): 6864~6869
[27]郭政华.半导体光放大器理论模型及仿真技术研究: [硕士学位论文].北京:北京交通大学图书馆, 2006
[28]董建绩.基于单端SOA的全光波长转换器的理论和实验研究: [硕士学位论文].武汉:华中科技大学图书馆, 2005
[29] Michael J.Connelly. Wideband Semiconductor Optical Amplifier Steady-State Numerial Model. IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics, 2001, 37(3): 439~447
[30] Michael J.Connelly. Wideband Semiconductor Optical Amplifier Steady-State Numerial Model. IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics, 2001, 37(3): 439~447
[31] C.-S.Ma, X.Yan, Y,-Z.Xu. Simulation of 1×16 microring resonant wavelength multi/demultiplexer with triple vertically coupled microrings in every filter element. IEE Proc.-Optoelectron, 2006, 153(4): 161~168
[32]马春生.光波导模式理论. (第二版).长春:吉林大学出版社, 2007. 339~346
[33]王现银.聚合物微环谐振波分复用器的优化设计与特性分析: [博士学位论文].长春:吉林大学图书馆, 2004
[34]魏环.新型谐振微环电光调制器的耦合特性分析: [硕士学位论文].北京:北京交通大学图书馆, 2004
[35] Tomoyuki Kato. Three-Dimensional Propagation Analysis of Coupling Efficiency Using Segmentation and Local Normal Mode Expansion for Vertically Coupled Microring Resonator Filter. Journal of Lightwave Technology, 2005, 23(8): 2549~2554
[36] Chyng Wen Tee. Fabrication-Tolerant Active-Passive Integration Scheme for Vertically Coupled Microring Resonator. IEEE Journal of Selected. in Quantum Electronics, 2006, 12(1): 108~115
[37] J.V.Hryniewicz. Microring resonator notch filters. in: IEEE-Lasers and Electro-Optical Society. Pacific Rim Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics. New Jersey: IEEE, 2000. 595~596
[38] John E. Optical Transmission Characteristics of Fiber Ring Resonators. IEEE Journalof Quantum Electronics, 2004, 40(6): 726~729
[39] Qingzhong Huang. Characteristics of SOI rib waveguide microring and racetrack resonators. in: Information Society Technolygies. 2008 5th International Conference on Group IV Photonics. New Jersey: Inst. of Elec. and. Elec. Eng. Computer Society, 2008. 143~145
[40]赵辉,丁迎春.环形耦合谐振腔光波导的耦合率对光学延时线的影响.激光杂志, 2008, 29(6): 12~13
[41] Faifei Liu. Optical Tunalbe Delay Line in Silicon Microring Resonator Based on Thermal Nonlinear Effect. IEEE Journal of Selected Topics Quantum Electronics, 2008, 14(3): 706~711
[42] G.Lenz. Optical Delay Lines Bases on Optical Filters. IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics, 2001, 37(4): 525~532