超宽带发射机的射频前端设计
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摘要
随着无线通信技术的发展,当下移动通信中的带宽已经不能满足多媒体传输的需求,3G网络应运而生。但是由于3G在发达国家运营的效果并不理想,因此各大电信设备上都提出了组建LTE(Long Term Evolution)网络。又因为GSM和WCDMA等2G、3G业务仍处于盈利状态,所以提出了包含GSM、WCDMA和TD-LTE等协议的超宽带多模式收发射机的设计。
本课题即基于这种多模式收发机系统,对发射部分的射频前端进行了研究和设计。本文首先分析了发射机射频架构的优缺点,选择了合适的架构；接着研究了发射机射频设计的理论基础,包括调制精度、邻信道选择性、杂散辐射、发射功率和自动增益控制等重要指标；然后根据选择的架构和设计指标的要求,采用电子开关和射频声表滤波器协作的方式来完成发射机多模式的设计,利用阻抗匹配来实现宽带平坦度的要求,并对关键电路进行了仿真；最后,选择合适的芯片搭建单元电路,在此基础上完成发射机链路的设计并进行调测。
实际调测结果表明,系统的各项指标在不同模式、不同载波下都达到预期的效果,验证了本设计方案的可行性。
With the development of wireless communication, the bandwidth of the current mobile communication has been unable to meet the needs of multimedia transmission, the 3G networks was born at the right moment. Although 3G networks have been developed to solve this problem, due to the bad effect of 3G networks in developed countries, the major telecom equipment companies have decided to build LTE (Long Term Evolution) networks. As GSM and WCDMA business remained profitable, a multi-mode (including GSM, WCDMA and TD-LTE) ultra-wide-band transceiver was proposed.
Based on the UWB (Ultra-wide Bandwidth) multi-mode transceiver, the RF front-end of the transmitter was designed in this issue. First, advantages and disadvantages of the RF front-end structure were analyzed and then proper architecture was selected. Second, the main theory of transmitter design, including the modulation accuracy, adjacent channel selectivity, spurious radiation, the transmission power, automatic gain control and other important parameters, was studied. Third, according to the selected architecture and design requirements, the electronic switches and RF SAW filters were used in a collaborative manner to complete the target of multi-mode, and impedance matching was used to meet the required flatness of broadband, and after that the key circuits were simulated. Finally, appropriate chips were selected to build circuits, and based on these circuits, the transmitter system was developed and tested.
According to the actual adjust and test results, the parameters satisfied the demands in different modes and different carriers, and so that this design was available.
本课题即基于这种多模式收发机系统,对发射部分的射频前端进行了研究和设计。本文首先分析了发射机射频架构的优缺点,选择了合适的架构；接着研究了发射机射频设计的理论基础,包括调制精度、邻信道选择性、杂散辐射、发射功率和自动增益控制等重要指标；然后根据选择的架构和设计指标的要求,采用电子开关和射频声表滤波器协作的方式来完成发射机多模式的设计,利用阻抗匹配来实现宽带平坦度的要求,并对关键电路进行了仿真；最后,选择合适的芯片搭建单元电路,在此基础上完成发射机链路的设计并进行调测。
实际调测结果表明,系统的各项指标在不同模式、不同载波下都达到预期的效果,验证了本设计方案的可行性。
With the development of wireless communication, the bandwidth of the current mobile communication has been unable to meet the needs of multimedia transmission, the 3G networks was born at the right moment. Although 3G networks have been developed to solve this problem, due to the bad effect of 3G networks in developed countries, the major telecom equipment companies have decided to build LTE (Long Term Evolution) networks. As GSM and WCDMA business remained profitable, a multi-mode (including GSM, WCDMA and TD-LTE) ultra-wide-band transceiver was proposed.
Based on the UWB (Ultra-wide Bandwidth) multi-mode transceiver, the RF front-end of the transmitter was designed in this issue. First, advantages and disadvantages of the RF front-end structure were analyzed and then proper architecture was selected. Second, the main theory of transmitter design, including the modulation accuracy, adjacent channel selectivity, spurious radiation, the transmission power, automatic gain control and other important parameters, was studied. Third, according to the selected architecture and design requirements, the electronic switches and RF SAW filters were used in a collaborative manner to complete the target of multi-mode, and impedance matching was used to meet the required flatness of broadband, and after that the key circuits were simulated. Finally, appropriate chips were selected to build circuits, and based on these circuits, the transmitter system was developed and tested.
According to the actual adjust and test results, the parameters satisfied the demands in different modes and different carriers, and so that this design was available.
引文
[1]聂霄.LTE系统性能评估.北京邮电大学硕士学位论文.2007
[2]胡海宁,宁奇兵.下一代无线网络LTE介绍.电信网技术.2006(7)：49-51
[3]丁世喜.LTE上行关键技术研究与仿真.西南交通大学硕士学位论文.2010
[4]王海燕,于剑飞,石美宪.LTE终端射频测试技术分析.TELECOMMUNICATIONS NETWORK TECHNOLOGY.2011(2):6-10
[5]孙振年.LTE多天线技术研究.北京邮电大学硕士学位论文.2010
[6]唐李平.3GPP LTE中降低峰均比的研究.电子科技大学硕士学位论文.2008
[7]张同须.LTE现状及未来发展综述.电信工程技术与标准化.2010(11)：1-6
[8]姜庆.TD-LTE射频模块的研究与设计.重庆邮电大学硕士学位论文.2010
[9]ANALOG DEVICES. TxDAC Digital-To-Analog Converter AD9122.
[10]孙进卿.实时处理系统中的可编程信号源设计.西安电子科技大学硕士学位论文.2007
[11]赵凤行.电子自旋共振信号捕获技术的研究.青海师范大学硕士学位论文.2010
[12]熊艳华.软件无线电中的ADC/DAC的性能分析及应用.北京邮电大学学士学位论文.2008
[13]Qizheng Gu. RF SYSTEM DESIGN OF TRANSIVERS FOR WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS. America: Springer.2005
[14]李佳伟.MIMO信道容量与射频前端的研究与仿真.华中科技大学硕士学位论文.2006
[15]池保勇,余志平,石秉学.CMOS集成电路分析与设计.第一版.北京：清华大学出版社,2006
[16]郭芳华.软件无线电技术综述.现代电子技术.2003(21)：67-73
[17]郑顺洪.发射功率的测量方法.中国无线电.2005(9)：52-54
[18]3GPP. Technical Specification Group GSM/EDGE Radio Access Network.3GPP TS 05 05.2005
[19]3GPP. Technical Specification Group WCDMA Radio Access Network.3GPP TS 25.104.2010
[20]3GPP. Technical Specification Group Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTA) Network.3GPP TR 36.922.2010
[21]Rahman, Raina. A Power Efficient Transmission Scheme for Uplink LTE. University of Kansas.2011
[22]王芳.软件无线电发射机的研究.西安电子科技大学硕士学位论文.2008
[23]黎照明.软件无线电中几项DSP实现技术的研究.电子科技大学硕士学位论文.2001
[24]Chen, Z.;Dai, F. F. Effects of LO Phase and Amplitude Imbalances and Phase Noise on -QAM Transceiver Performance. Industrial Electronics, IEEE. 2010(57):1505-1517
[25]余金峰.宽带数字收发信机的研究.重庆大学硕士学位论文报告.2005
[26]牛志远.数字集群网络优化方法.当代通信.2006(8)：62-64
[27]安捷伦.利用Agilent N5182A MXG矢量信号发生器进行高精度放大器ACLR和ACPR测试.电子测试.2007(6)：34-42
[28]郭明卫.射频功率放大器的建模及其线性化研究.杭州电子科技大学硕士学位论文.2009
[29]Carlos Crespo-Cadenas, Javier Reina-Tosina, Maria J. Madero-Ayora. Evaluation of ACPR in Mixers Based on a Parametric Harmonic-Balance Approach. IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques.2006(54):445-450
[30]Herbert Schmitt. ACPR measurement of mobile wireless comms amplifiers. Electronic engineering.2000(72):71-74
[31]唐小燕. TD-SCDMA无线收发机射频前端技术研究.电子科技大学硕士学位论文.2007
[32]高荣,王海燕,石美宪,曾志民. FDDLTE与TD-LTE基站邻频杂散辐射的研究.电信网技术.2011(8)：51-55
[33]Ikaheimonen, T. Measurement of Radar Spurious Emission With High Dynamic Range and Optimized Measurement Time. Instrumentation and Measurement, IEEE Transactions on.2011(60):1010-1015
[34]宫志超.射频接收机中自动增益控制及功率检测器设计.复旦大学硕士学位论文.2009
[35]陈邦媛.射频通信电路.第一版.北京：科学出版社,2002
[36]李智群,王志功.射频集成电路与系统.第一版.北京：科学出版社,2008
[37]岳磊WCDMA分布式基站接收机的研究与设计.电子科技大学硕士学位论文.2009
[38]SKYWORKS.300KHz-3GHz Medium Power GaAs SPDT Switch. SKY13268-344LF.
[39]Hittitc. SiGe WIDEBAND DIRECT QUADRATURE MODULATOR, 20-2700MHz. HMC696LP4E.
[40]Hittitc.0.5dB LSB GaAS MMIC 6-BIT DIGITAL ATTENUATOR, DC-6GHz. HMC624LPE.
[41]Sirenza Microdevices.0.05-6 GHz, Cascadable Active Bias InGaP/GaAs HBT MMIC Amplifier. SBB-4089.
[42]ANOLOG DEVICES. Wideband Synthesizer with Integrated VCO. ADF4350.
[2]胡海宁,宁奇兵.下一代无线网络LTE介绍.电信网技术.2006(7)：49-51
[3]丁世喜.LTE上行关键技术研究与仿真.西南交通大学硕士学位论文.2010
[4]王海燕,于剑飞,石美宪.LTE终端射频测试技术分析.TELECOMMUNICATIONS NETWORK TECHNOLOGY.2011(2):6-10
[5]孙振年.LTE多天线技术研究.北京邮电大学硕士学位论文.2010
[6]唐李平.3GPP LTE中降低峰均比的研究.电子科技大学硕士学位论文.2008
[7]张同须.LTE现状及未来发展综述.电信工程技术与标准化.2010(11)：1-6
[8]姜庆.TD-LTE射频模块的研究与设计.重庆邮电大学硕士学位论文.2010
[9]ANALOG DEVICES. TxDAC Digital-To-Analog Converter AD9122.
[10]孙进卿.实时处理系统中的可编程信号源设计.西安电子科技大学硕士学位论文.2007
[11]赵凤行.电子自旋共振信号捕获技术的研究.青海师范大学硕士学位论文.2010
[12]熊艳华.软件无线电中的ADC/DAC的性能分析及应用.北京邮电大学学士学位论文.2008
[13]Qizheng Gu. RF SYSTEM DESIGN OF TRANSIVERS FOR WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS. America: Springer.2005
[14]李佳伟.MIMO信道容量与射频前端的研究与仿真.华中科技大学硕士学位论文.2006
[15]池保勇,余志平,石秉学.CMOS集成电路分析与设计.第一版.北京：清华大学出版社,2006
[16]郭芳华.软件无线电技术综述.现代电子技术.2003(21)：67-73
[17]郑顺洪.发射功率的测量方法.中国无线电.2005(9)：52-54
[18]3GPP. Technical Specification Group GSM/EDGE Radio Access Network.3GPP TS 05 05.2005
[19]3GPP. Technical Specification Group WCDMA Radio Access Network.3GPP TS 25.104.2010
[20]3GPP. Technical Specification Group Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTA) Network.3GPP TR 36.922.2010
[21]Rahman, Raina. A Power Efficient Transmission Scheme for Uplink LTE. University of Kansas.2011
[22]王芳.软件无线电发射机的研究.西安电子科技大学硕士学位论文.2008
[23]黎照明.软件无线电中几项DSP实现技术的研究.电子科技大学硕士学位论文.2001
[24]Chen, Z.;Dai, F. F. Effects of LO Phase and Amplitude Imbalances and Phase Noise on -QAM Transceiver Performance. Industrial Electronics, IEEE. 2010(57):1505-1517
[25]余金峰.宽带数字收发信机的研究.重庆大学硕士学位论文报告.2005
[26]牛志远.数字集群网络优化方法.当代通信.2006(8)：62-64
[27]安捷伦.利用Agilent N5182A MXG矢量信号发生器进行高精度放大器ACLR和ACPR测试.电子测试.2007(6)：34-42
[28]郭明卫.射频功率放大器的建模及其线性化研究.杭州电子科技大学硕士学位论文.2009
[29]Carlos Crespo-Cadenas, Javier Reina-Tosina, Maria J. Madero-Ayora. Evaluation of ACPR in Mixers Based on a Parametric Harmonic-Balance Approach. IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques.2006(54):445-450
[30]Herbert Schmitt. ACPR measurement of mobile wireless comms amplifiers. Electronic engineering.2000(72):71-74
[31]唐小燕. TD-SCDMA无线收发机射频前端技术研究.电子科技大学硕士学位论文.2007
[32]高荣,王海燕,石美宪,曾志民. FDDLTE与TD-LTE基站邻频杂散辐射的研究.电信网技术.2011(8)：51-55
[33]Ikaheimonen, T. Measurement of Radar Spurious Emission With High Dynamic Range and Optimized Measurement Time. Instrumentation and Measurement, IEEE Transactions on.2011(60):1010-1015
[34]宫志超.射频接收机中自动增益控制及功率检测器设计.复旦大学硕士学位论文.2009
[35]陈邦媛.射频通信电路.第一版.北京：科学出版社,2002
[36]李智群,王志功.射频集成电路与系统.第一版.北京：科学出版社,2008
[37]岳磊WCDMA分布式基站接收机的研究与设计.电子科技大学硕士学位论文.2009
[38]SKYWORKS.300KHz-3GHz Medium Power GaAs SPDT Switch. SKY13268-344LF.
[39]Hittitc. SiGe WIDEBAND DIRECT QUADRATURE MODULATOR, 20-2700MHz. HMC696LP4E.
[40]Hittitc.0.5dB LSB GaAS MMIC 6-BIT DIGITAL ATTENUATOR, DC-6GHz. HMC624LPE.
[41]Sirenza Microdevices.0.05-6 GHz, Cascadable Active Bias InGaP/GaAs HBT MMIC Amplifier. SBB-4089.
[42]ANOLOG DEVICES. Wideband Synthesizer with Integrated VCO. ADF4350.