华南西部盐边群地层序列与构造古地理特征
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摘要
盐边群位于华南古陆扬子板块西缘,出露于康滇地区中部,是一套在康滇杂岩之上的浅变质火山—沉积岩系。研究盐边群相关地质信息,可以为研究扬子陆块在Rodinia中的构造古地理位置提供重要的地质线索。对康滇地区的研究主要集中于广泛发育的中新元古代岩浆岩的相关构造属性研究。本文从盐边群碎屑岩入手,研究其它的地质特征和大地构造属性,这对于研究扬子陆块在Rodinia中的位置具有重要的意义。
通过在野外和室内仔细的工作,本文在以下几点有了进步:
1、通过野外实习工作,在构造解析和同位素年代年龄的基础上,重新厘定了盐边群的地层序列。对盐边群有了进一步的新的认识。盐边群地层从下至上依次为乍古组,小坪组以及渔门组。
2、依据前人资料,结合我们野外观察到的沉积构造要素,以及地层序列特征,对盐边群的沉积相类型进行分析,认为是具有明显特征的深海碎屑流以及深海浊积岩的浊积体系,是一个下粗上细的碎屑岩系列。
3、根据样品薄片分析鉴定以及运用砂岩薄片进行骨架颗粒分析,分析物源方向,结合岩石特征,认为盐边群碎屑岩的物源区为火山弧源区。
4、对盐边群碎屑岩进行地球化学分析,包括常量元素、微量元素以及稀土元素构造环境判别图解显示,它们所处的构造环境为活动大陆边缘,且与大陆岛弧有关。
总之,本文整合野外和室内资料,重新建立盐边群序列,并结合各种资料,并对盐边群的原型盆地类型进行讨论,认为其构造环境与大陆边缘与岩浆弧活动有关,很有可能是弧后盆地。对盐边群原型盆地的标定对其大地构造意义的研究对扬子陆块在Rodinia中的位置具有极其重要的意义。
Yanbian group was in the western part of Yangtze block, South China, outcropping in the middle part of the Kang-Dian region. It’s a volcanic-sedimentary succession which is overlying the Kangding Complex. The researches of the Yanbian group can provide very important clues for the tectonic evolution of Yangtze continent during Rodinia breaking up. The researches about Kang-Dian region till now are primarily around the tectonic property studies of middle Neoproterozoic magmatism. We discuss the geological characteristics and tectonic property of the Yanbian group, proceed with the clastic rock in Yanbian group. which have very important significance in the studies of the position of Yangtze continent during Rodinia dissamble.
According to the detailed fieldwork and lab analysis, we obtained a few conclusions as follows:
1. Base on the detailed fieldwork, structural analysis and isotope age, the stratigraphic sequence of Yanbian group was redefined. It’s respectively zhagu, Xiaoping and yumen formation from the bottom up.
2. According to the previous data, sedimentary structures-observed during fieldwork and researches on the stratigraphic sequence characteristics of Yanbian group, analyzed the sedimentary facies of Yanbian group. It’s a deep-see debris flow and turbidite system. It’s a clastic rock system,of which grain size becomes gradually smaller upwards.
3. With the studies of petrological characteristics, the petrophysic feature and statistic analysis on petrogenetic minerals of clasolite from Yanbian group, analyzed the source direction. Its provenance was volcanic arc.
4. Geochemical analysis of the detrital rocks from Yanbian group were done, and the major element, trace element and REE tectonic setting identification diagrams show us that the tectonic setting is active continental margin, which is associated with continental-arc.
As a result, with the fieldwork and lab data the stratigraphic sequence of Yanbian group is redefined. The tectonic setting is associated with continental margin and continental arc. The proto-type basin of Yanbian group may was arc-back basin. The western part of Yangtze block was located in continental arc-active continental margin. It has very significance in the tectonic evolution of Yangtze continent during Rodinia break up.
通过在野外和室内仔细的工作,本文在以下几点有了进步:
1、通过野外实习工作,在构造解析和同位素年代年龄的基础上,重新厘定了盐边群的地层序列。对盐边群有了进一步的新的认识。盐边群地层从下至上依次为乍古组,小坪组以及渔门组。
2、依据前人资料,结合我们野外观察到的沉积构造要素,以及地层序列特征,对盐边群的沉积相类型进行分析,认为是具有明显特征的深海碎屑流以及深海浊积岩的浊积体系,是一个下粗上细的碎屑岩系列。
3、根据样品薄片分析鉴定以及运用砂岩薄片进行骨架颗粒分析,分析物源方向,结合岩石特征,认为盐边群碎屑岩的物源区为火山弧源区。
4、对盐边群碎屑岩进行地球化学分析,包括常量元素、微量元素以及稀土元素构造环境判别图解显示,它们所处的构造环境为活动大陆边缘,且与大陆岛弧有关。
总之,本文整合野外和室内资料,重新建立盐边群序列,并结合各种资料,并对盐边群的原型盆地类型进行讨论,认为其构造环境与大陆边缘与岩浆弧活动有关,很有可能是弧后盆地。对盐边群原型盆地的标定对其大地构造意义的研究对扬子陆块在Rodinia中的位置具有极其重要的意义。
Yanbian group was in the western part of Yangtze block, South China, outcropping in the middle part of the Kang-Dian region. It’s a volcanic-sedimentary succession which is overlying the Kangding Complex. The researches of the Yanbian group can provide very important clues for the tectonic evolution of Yangtze continent during Rodinia breaking up. The researches about Kang-Dian region till now are primarily around the tectonic property studies of middle Neoproterozoic magmatism. We discuss the geological characteristics and tectonic property of the Yanbian group, proceed with the clastic rock in Yanbian group. which have very important significance in the studies of the position of Yangtze continent during Rodinia dissamble.
According to the detailed fieldwork and lab analysis, we obtained a few conclusions as follows:
1. Base on the detailed fieldwork, structural analysis and isotope age, the stratigraphic sequence of Yanbian group was redefined. It’s respectively zhagu, Xiaoping and yumen formation from the bottom up.
2. According to the previous data, sedimentary structures-observed during fieldwork and researches on the stratigraphic sequence characteristics of Yanbian group, analyzed the sedimentary facies of Yanbian group. It’s a deep-see debris flow and turbidite system. It’s a clastic rock system,of which grain size becomes gradually smaller upwards.
3. With the studies of petrological characteristics, the petrophysic feature and statistic analysis on petrogenetic minerals of clasolite from Yanbian group, analyzed the source direction. Its provenance was volcanic arc.
4. Geochemical analysis of the detrital rocks from Yanbian group were done, and the major element, trace element and REE tectonic setting identification diagrams show us that the tectonic setting is active continental margin, which is associated with continental-arc.
As a result, with the fieldwork and lab data the stratigraphic sequence of Yanbian group is redefined. The tectonic setting is associated with continental margin and continental arc. The proto-type basin of Yanbian group may was arc-back basin. The western part of Yangtze block was located in continental arc-active continental margin. It has very significance in the tectonic evolution of Yangtze continent during Rodinia break up.
引文
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[2] Bhatia M R , Taylor S R. Trace-element geochemistry and sedimentary provinces: a study from the Tasman Geosyncline. Australia Chemical Geology, 1981, 33(1~2): 115~125
[3] Bhatia M R. Plate tectonics and geochemical composition of sandstones Journal of Geology, 1983, 91(6): 611~627.
[4] Bhatia M R. Rare earth element geochemistry of Australian Paleozoic graywackes and mudrock, provenance and tectonic control. Sedimentary Geology, 1985, 45(1~2): 97~113.
[5] Condie X C.1982.Plate tectonics and erustal evolution.New York:Pergamon Press Inc.
[6] Crook K A W. Lithogenesisand geotectonics: the significance of compositional variations in flysch arenites(greywacks). In: Dott R H, Shaver R H. Mordern and ancient geosynclinal sediment. ESPM Special Publication, 1974, 19: 304~310.
[7] Dalziel, L. W. D., 1991,Pacific margins of Lautentia and East Antarctic-Australia as a conjugate rift pair: Evidence and implication for an Eocambrian supercontinent. Geology, V.19,598~601.
[8] Dickinson W R, Beard L S, Brakenridge G R, et al. Provenance of North American Phanerozoic sandstones in relation to tectonic setting. Geological Society of American Bulletin, 1983, 94: 225~235.
[9] Dickinson W R, Suczek C A. Plate tectonics and sandstone composition. AAPG Bulletin, 1979, 63 (1): 2164~2172.
[10] Dickinson W R. Compositions of sandtones in circum-pacific subduction complexes and fore-arc basins. AAPG Bulletin, 1982, 66: 121~137.
[11] Dickinson W R. Interpreting provenance relations from detritsl modes of sandstones(in Provenance of arenites, Zuffa,). NATO ASI Series. Series C: Mathematical and Physical Sciences, 1985, 148: 333~361.
[12] Dickinson W R. Plate tectonics and sedimentation. Society of Economic Palenotologists and Mineralogist Special Publication, 1982, 22: 1~27.
[13] Dickinson W R. Provenance and sediment dispersal in relation to paleotectonics and paleoge graphy of sedimentary basins. In Kleinspehn K L, Paola C. New perspectives in basin analysis. Springer Verlag, 1988, 307~315.
[14] Hoffman.P.F., 1991, Did the breakout of Laurentia turn Gondwanaland inside-out?. Science, V252;1409-1411.
[15] Holland G V. The chemistry of the Atmosphere and oceans. NewYork: Wiley Interscience Press, 1978, 351
[16] Li Z X, Li X H, Kinny P D et al. Geochronology of Neoproterozoic syn-rift magmatism in the Yangtze Craton, South China and correlations with other continents: evidence for a mantle superplume that broke up Rodinia. Precambrian Res, 2003, 122: 85-109.
[17] Li, Z-X., Zhang, L., and Powell, C. McA., 1995, South China in Rodinia: Part of the missing link between Australia-East Antarctic and Laurentia: Geology, V 23, 407-410.
[18] Maynard J B, Valloni R, Yu H. Composition of modern deep-sea sands from arc-related basins. Geological Society of London Special Publication. 1982, 10: 551~561.
[19] Mclennan S M. Rare earth elements in sedimentary rocks; influence of provenance and sedimentary processes. Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry, 1989, 21: 169~200.
[20] Rollinson H R. Using geochemical data; evaluation, presentation, interpretation. Harlow, United Kingdom: Longman Scientific&Technical, 1993, 352.
[21] Roser B P, Korsch R J. Determination of tectonic setting of sandstone-mudstone suites using SiO2 content and K2O/Na2O ratio. The Journal of Geology, 1986, 94 (5): 635~650.
[22] Roser B P, Korsch R J. Provenance signatures of sandstone-mudstone suites determined using discriminant function analysis of major-element data. Chemical Geology, 1988, 67(1~2): 119~139.
[23] Saunders A D, Tarney J. The geochemistry of hasalts from a back-arc spreading center in the East Scotia Sea. Geochimical et, 1979. Cosmochinica Acta, 43: 555~ 572.
[24] Taylor S R, Mclennan S E. The continental crust; its composition and evolution; an examination of the geochemical record preserved in sedimentary rocks. Oxford, United Kingdom: Blackwell Sci. Publ., 1985, 312.
[25] Valloni R, Maynard J B. Detrital modes of Recent deep-sea sands and their relation to tectonic setting; a first approximation. Sedimentology, 1981, 28(1): 75~83.
[26] Walker R.G.,1978:Deep-water sandstone facies and ancient submarine fans: models for exploration for stratigraphic, AAPG, Vol.62, No.6.
[27] Wilson M. Igneous Petrogenesis; a global tectonic approach. Unwin Hyman, London, UnitedKingdom. 1989, 1~ 466.
[28] Yan Yi, Lin Ge, Wang Yuejun, et al. The indication of continental detrital sediment totectonic setting. Advance in Earth Sciences, 2002, 17(1): 85~90.
[29] Zhou M F, Ma Y X, Yan D P et al. The Yanbian Terrane (Southern Sichuan Province, SW China): A Neoproterozoic arc assemblage in the western margin of the Yangtze Block. Precambrian Research, 2006, 144: 19―38.
[30] Zhou M F, Yan D P, Kennedy A K, et al. 2002. SHRIMP U-Pb zircon geochronological and geochemical evidence for Neoproterozoic arc-magmatism along the western margin of the Yangtze Black, SouthChina.Earth and Planetary Science Letter, 196; 51~ 67.
[31]陈晋镳,张鹏远,高振家,等.中国地层典:中元古界.北京:地质出版社,1999.
[32]程裕淇等.中国区域地质概论,北京:地质出版社,1994.
[33]方国庆.一个用于推断复理石形成时板块构造背景的判别图.西北地质科学,1993,14 (1):121～125.
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