小型化平衡式低噪声放大器的研制
摘要
移动通信领域的迅猛发展,刺激了移动通信网络相关产品的研发,加上半导体科技的不断进步,使得移动通信网络产品大量使用微波集成电路,以求小型化和降低成本。在这些产品中,低噪声放大器是不可或缺的一部分,其电路的结构在很大程度上影响着产品的小型化。另外,通信系统接收灵敏度的要求越来越高,低噪声放大器作为系统的前端关键部位,对其性能提出了更高的要求。本文首先介绍了一种基于超微细混合微波集成技术的平衡式低噪声放大器,并在此平衡放大器的基础上设计了一种选频放大模组。本文主要包括以下内容:
第一章简要讲述了移动通信的历史和发展,以及低噪声放大器在移动通信中的应用及相关的电路工艺。
第二章介绍了低噪声放大器的基本理论和设计原理,首先介绍了低噪声放大器的各项性能指标,例如增益、噪声系数和稳定性等,接着详细分析了低噪声放大器的设计原理。
第三章详细介绍了平衡式低噪声放大器的具体设计过程,首先确定低噪声放大器所要达到的具体指标,并根据此指标进行方案设计。对比分析后,选择了平衡式电路结构,接着利用仿真软件ADS进行偏置电路和匹配网络的设计,最后对整体电路进行优化设计。
第四章介绍了基于平衡式低噪声放大器的选频放大模组,根据类椭圆函数滤波器的原理设计了一个中心频率为1.95GHz的滤波器,并与平衡式低噪声放大器组成选频放大模块,然后用ADS进行了优化仿真。
第五章介绍了平衡式低噪声放大器和选频放大模组的工艺实现,并对实际电路进行调试、测量和分析。
第六章,对所作工作进行总结。
本课题所设计的平衡式低噪声放大器在工作频带内具有很好的性能,达到了设计指标的要求,体积小,可用于WCDMA直放站系统,减小了系统的体积,有利于直放站系统的小型化。
The development of mobile communication has stimulated the research of relative products. With the continuous progress of semiconductor technologies, the products of mobile communication network are using mostly the microwave integrated circuits to achieve the miniaturization of products and to reduce costs. In these products, the low noise amplifier is an indispensable part, whose circuit structure has an impact on the miniaturization of products. In addition, because of the request to the sensitivity of communication system receiver is higher and higher, the low noise amplifier with a higher performance is in need, which is the key part of the system. First of all, this paper presents a balanced low noise amplifier based on the superfine hybrid microwave integrated circuits technology, and then, a Frequency Selecting Amplifier Module based on this balanced low noise amplifier is described. The main contents are as following:
Chapter 1 briefly introduces the history and development of mobile communication, the applications of the low noise amplifier in the mobile communications and the circuit technology.
The basic theory and the principles of designing of the low noise amplifier is described in Chapter 2. First, it presents the various parameters due to the performances of the low noise amplifier, for example, Gain, Noise Figure, Stability, and so on. And then, the principles of designing are analyzed in detail.
Chapter 3 describes the design process of the balanced low noise amplifier in detail. First, the indicators of the low noise amplifier are determined, and with these indicators, the project is designed. After comparative analysis, the balanced circuit structure is chosen. And then the bias circuit and matching network are designed with ADS, finally, the whole design is optimized.
Chapter 4 presents a Frequency Selecting Amplifier Module based on the balanced low noise amplifier. According to the theory of quasi-elliptic function filter, a filter is designed with a center frequency of 1.95GHz, which is integrated with the balanced low noise amplifier to create a Frequency Selecting Amplifier Module, and then optimize it with ADS.
Chapter 5 presents the realization of the technology of the balanced low noise amplifier and Frequency Selecting Amplifier Module. The practical circuit is debugged, tested and analyzed.
Chapter 6 summarizes the above work.
The balanced low noise amplifier mentioned in this subject presents a good work performance in the working frequency, having achieved the request to the indicators, and small, could be used in the WCDMA repeater system, so can reduce the size of the system and realize the miniaturization of the repeater.
第一章简要讲述了移动通信的历史和发展,以及低噪声放大器在移动通信中的应用及相关的电路工艺。
第二章介绍了低噪声放大器的基本理论和设计原理,首先介绍了低噪声放大器的各项性能指标,例如增益、噪声系数和稳定性等,接着详细分析了低噪声放大器的设计原理。
第三章详细介绍了平衡式低噪声放大器的具体设计过程,首先确定低噪声放大器所要达到的具体指标,并根据此指标进行方案设计。对比分析后,选择了平衡式电路结构,接着利用仿真软件ADS进行偏置电路和匹配网络的设计,最后对整体电路进行优化设计。
第四章介绍了基于平衡式低噪声放大器的选频放大模组,根据类椭圆函数滤波器的原理设计了一个中心频率为1.95GHz的滤波器,并与平衡式低噪声放大器组成选频放大模块,然后用ADS进行了优化仿真。
第五章介绍了平衡式低噪声放大器和选频放大模组的工艺实现,并对实际电路进行调试、测量和分析。
第六章,对所作工作进行总结。
本课题所设计的平衡式低噪声放大器在工作频带内具有很好的性能,达到了设计指标的要求,体积小,可用于WCDMA直放站系统,减小了系统的体积,有利于直放站系统的小型化。
The development of mobile communication has stimulated the research of relative products. With the continuous progress of semiconductor technologies, the products of mobile communication network are using mostly the microwave integrated circuits to achieve the miniaturization of products and to reduce costs. In these products, the low noise amplifier is an indispensable part, whose circuit structure has an impact on the miniaturization of products. In addition, because of the request to the sensitivity of communication system receiver is higher and higher, the low noise amplifier with a higher performance is in need, which is the key part of the system. First of all, this paper presents a balanced low noise amplifier based on the superfine hybrid microwave integrated circuits technology, and then, a Frequency Selecting Amplifier Module based on this balanced low noise amplifier is described. The main contents are as following:
Chapter 1 briefly introduces the history and development of mobile communication, the applications of the low noise amplifier in the mobile communications and the circuit technology.
The basic theory and the principles of designing of the low noise amplifier is described in Chapter 2. First, it presents the various parameters due to the performances of the low noise amplifier, for example, Gain, Noise Figure, Stability, and so on. And then, the principles of designing are analyzed in detail.
Chapter 3 describes the design process of the balanced low noise amplifier in detail. First, the indicators of the low noise amplifier are determined, and with these indicators, the project is designed. After comparative analysis, the balanced circuit structure is chosen. And then the bias circuit and matching network are designed with ADS, finally, the whole design is optimized.
Chapter 4 presents a Frequency Selecting Amplifier Module based on the balanced low noise amplifier. According to the theory of quasi-elliptic function filter, a filter is designed with a center frequency of 1.95GHz, which is integrated with the balanced low noise amplifier to create a Frequency Selecting Amplifier Module, and then optimize it with ADS.
Chapter 5 presents the realization of the technology of the balanced low noise amplifier and Frequency Selecting Amplifier Module. The practical circuit is debugged, tested and analyzed.
Chapter 6 summarizes the above work.
The balanced low noise amplifier mentioned in this subject presents a good work performance in the working frequency, having achieved the request to the indicators, and small, could be used in the WCDMA repeater system, so can reduce the size of the system and realize the miniaturization of the repeater.
引文
[1]啜钢,王文博等.移动通信原理与系统[M].北京:北京邮电大学出版社,2005.
[2]陈国锋,邓智明.第四代移动通信技术[J].中国新通信(技术版),2007,(1):67-70.
[3]Jun-Zhao Sun,Jaakko Sauvola,Douglas Howie.Features in Future:4G Visions from a Technical Perspective[C].IEEE,2001:3533-3537.
[4](美)Richard Brown著,孙海等译.射频和微波混合电路[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2006.
[5]R.K.Hoffmann.Handbook of Microwave Integrated Circuits[M].Artech House,1987.
[6]严伟.小型化混合微波集成电路制造技术[J].电子元件与材料,1999,18(3):30-32.
[7]谢怀彦.微波场效应晶体管器件[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,1982.
[8](美)David M.Pozar著,张肇仪等译.微波工程[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2006.
[9]High Frequency Transistor:GaAs FET Characteristics[J].Agilent Technologies,AN59966-0779E,1999.
[10]清华大学微带电路编写组.微带电路[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,1976.
[11]廖承恩.微波技术基础[M].西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,1994.
[12]Gerard Wevers.A High IIP3 Low Noise Amplifier for 1900MHz Applications Using theSige BFP620 Transistor[J].
[13]任守勤等译.微波噪声:译文集[M].北京:科学出版社,1984.
[14]Wang Guizhen,Su Donglin,Xiao Yongxuan,Zhou Yan.The Methods Applied to Eliminate Self-Oscillation of One Integrated LNA[C].IEEE,2003:108-110.
[15]于洪喜.微波放大器稳定性分析与设计[J].空间电子技术.2003,(2):10-13.
[16]李俊,王鲁豫.采用混合稳定方法设计L频段放大器[J].无线电工程,2007,37(5):47-48.
[17]G.D.Vendelin,A.M.Pavio,U.L.Rohde.Microwave Circuit Design Using Linear and Nonlinear Techniques[M].Weily,N.Y.,1990.
[18]I.Bahl and P.Bhartia.Microwave Solid-State Circuit Design[M].Weily Interscience,N.Y.,1988.
[19]C.Gentile.Microwave Amplifiers and Osillators[M].Mcgraw-Hill,N.Y.,1987.
[20]I.D.Robertson,U.Karacaoglu,D.Sanchez-Hernandez.CAD techniques for microwave circuits[J].IEEE,1996:245-256.
[21]I.D.Robertson,S.Lucyszyn.RFIC and MMIC design and technology[A].The Institution of Electrical Engineers[C],2001,London,UK.
[22]Agilent Technologies.Using Circuit Simulators[M].2004.
[23]Takashi Mimura.The Early History of the High Electron Mobility Transistor(HEMT)[J].IEEE Transactions On Microwave Theory And Techniques,March 2002,50(3).
[24]Avago Technologies.ATF-55143 Datasheet[Z].http://www.avagotech.cn/products.
[25]李斌,梁世光.L波段致冷低噪声放大器[J].中国科学院上海天文台年刊,2004.
[26]顾其诤,项家桢,袁孝康.微波集成电路设计[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,1978.
[27]Guillermo Gonzalez著,白晓东译.微波晶体管放大器的分析与设计[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2003.
[28]J.Lange.Interdigitated Stripline Quadrature Hybrid[J].IEEE Transaction on Microwave Theory And Techniques,1969,Vol.MTT-17:1150-1151.
[29]Yusuke Tahima and Susumu Kamihashi.Multiconductor Couplers[J].IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques,1978,Vol.MTT-26:795-801.
[30]高葆新等.微波电路计算机辅助设计[M].北京:清华大学出版社,1988.
[31]A.Presser.Interdigitated Microstrip Couplers Design[J].IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques,October 1978,Vol.MTT-26:891-805.
[32]Byung-Jun Jang,ETRI and Cha-Hong Min,Kospace.A Ku-Band Balanced Amplifier Design Using Thin-Film Hybrid Technique[J].Applied Micrdwave&Wireless.
[33]Wang Zhiquan,Zheng Minjie,Fu Yangbo,Xiao Fen.A Design of 3-dB Wiggly Line Coupler Using Micromachining Technology and Compared with 3-dB Lange Coupler[C].2007 IEEE International Workshop on Anti-counterfeiting,Security,Identification.
[34]F.M.Yamada,A.K.Oki,D.C.Streit etc al.High-Reliability GaAs HBT Monolithic Microwave Amplifier[J].IEEE,1997,MTT-S Digest.
[35](美)Inderbahl,Prakash bhartia著,郑新等译.微波固态电路设计[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2006.
[36]Reinhold Ludwig,Pavel Bretchko著,王子宇等译.射频电路设计—理论与应用[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2002.
[37](美)Ulrich L.Rohde,David P.Newkirik著,刘光祜,张玉兴译.无线应用射频微波电路设计[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2004.
[38]甘本被,吴万春.现代微波滤波器的结构与设计[M].北京:科学出版社,1974.
[39]George L.Matthaei,Leo Young,E.M.T.Jones.Microwave Filter Impedmatching Network and Coupling Strucure[M].McGraw-Hill,1964.
[40]Rainee N.Simons.Coplanar Waveguide Circuits,Components.Wiley,2002.
[41]A.E.Atia,A.E.Williams,and R.W.Newcomb.Narrow-band multiple-coupled cavity synthesis[J].IEEE Trans.Ciucuits Syst,Sept.1974vol.CAS-21:649-655.
[42]J.S.Hong,M.J.Lancaster.Design of Highly Selective Microstrip Bandpass Filters with a Single Pair of Attenuation Poles at Finite Frequencies[J].IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques,July 2000,48(7):1098-1107.
[43]Richard J.Cameron.General Coupling Matrix Synthesis Methods for Chebyshev Filtering Functions[J].IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques,April 1999,Vol.MTT-47:433-442.
[44]R.M.Kuzok.General Four-resonator Filters at Microwave Frequencies[J].IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques,1966,Vol.MTT-14:295-296.
[45]J.S.Hong,M.J.Lancaster.Couplings of Microstrip Square Open-Loop Resonators for Cross-Coupled Planar Microowave Filters[J].IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques,Nov.1996,Vol.MTT-44:2099-2109.
[46]M.Sagawa,K.Takahashi,and M.Makimoto.Miniaturized Hairpin Resonator Filter and Their Application Receiver Front-End MIC's[J].IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques,Dec.1989,Vol.MTT-37:1991-1997.
[47]李胜先,吴须大.微波类椭圆函数滤波器[J].空间电子技术.2001(3):48-52.
[48]George L.Matthaei,Leo Young,and E.M.T.Jones.Microwave Filter,Impedance-matching Network,and Coupling Structures[M].McGraw-Hill,1964.
[49]J.I.Park,J.Yun,and Oal Ahn.A Design of the Novel Coupled-Line Bandpass Filter Using Defected Ground Structure with Wide Stopband Performance[J].IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques,2002,50(9):2037-2043.
[2]陈国锋,邓智明.第四代移动通信技术[J].中国新通信(技术版),2007,(1):67-70.
[3]Jun-Zhao Sun,Jaakko Sauvola,Douglas Howie.Features in Future:4G Visions from a Technical Perspective[C].IEEE,2001:3533-3537.
[4](美)Richard Brown著,孙海等译.射频和微波混合电路[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2006.
[5]R.K.Hoffmann.Handbook of Microwave Integrated Circuits[M].Artech House,1987.
[6]严伟.小型化混合微波集成电路制造技术[J].电子元件与材料,1999,18(3):30-32.
[7]谢怀彦.微波场效应晶体管器件[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,1982.
[8](美)David M.Pozar著,张肇仪等译.微波工程[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2006.
[9]High Frequency Transistor:GaAs FET Characteristics[J].Agilent Technologies,AN59966-0779E,1999.
[10]清华大学微带电路编写组.微带电路[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,1976.
[11]廖承恩.微波技术基础[M].西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,1994.
[12]Gerard Wevers.A High IIP3 Low Noise Amplifier for 1900MHz Applications Using theSige BFP620 Transistor[J].
[13]任守勤等译.微波噪声:译文集[M].北京:科学出版社,1984.
[14]Wang Guizhen,Su Donglin,Xiao Yongxuan,Zhou Yan.The Methods Applied to Eliminate Self-Oscillation of One Integrated LNA[C].IEEE,2003:108-110.
[15]于洪喜.微波放大器稳定性分析与设计[J].空间电子技术.2003,(2):10-13.
[16]李俊,王鲁豫.采用混合稳定方法设计L频段放大器[J].无线电工程,2007,37(5):47-48.
[17]G.D.Vendelin,A.M.Pavio,U.L.Rohde.Microwave Circuit Design Using Linear and Nonlinear Techniques[M].Weily,N.Y.,1990.
[18]I.Bahl and P.Bhartia.Microwave Solid-State Circuit Design[M].Weily Interscience,N.Y.,1988.
[19]C.Gentile.Microwave Amplifiers and Osillators[M].Mcgraw-Hill,N.Y.,1987.
[20]I.D.Robertson,U.Karacaoglu,D.Sanchez-Hernandez.CAD techniques for microwave circuits[J].IEEE,1996:245-256.
[21]I.D.Robertson,S.Lucyszyn.RFIC and MMIC design and technology[A].The Institution of Electrical Engineers[C],2001,London,UK.
[22]Agilent Technologies.Using Circuit Simulators[M].2004.
[23]Takashi Mimura.The Early History of the High Electron Mobility Transistor(HEMT)[J].IEEE Transactions On Microwave Theory And Techniques,March 2002,50(3).
[24]Avago Technologies.ATF-55143 Datasheet[Z].http://www.avagotech.cn/products.
[25]李斌,梁世光.L波段致冷低噪声放大器[J].中国科学院上海天文台年刊,2004.
[26]顾其诤,项家桢,袁孝康.微波集成电路设计[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,1978.
[27]Guillermo Gonzalez著,白晓东译.微波晶体管放大器的分析与设计[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2003.
[28]J.Lange.Interdigitated Stripline Quadrature Hybrid[J].IEEE Transaction on Microwave Theory And Techniques,1969,Vol.MTT-17:1150-1151.
[29]Yusuke Tahima and Susumu Kamihashi.Multiconductor Couplers[J].IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques,1978,Vol.MTT-26:795-801.
[30]高葆新等.微波电路计算机辅助设计[M].北京:清华大学出版社,1988.
[31]A.Presser.Interdigitated Microstrip Couplers Design[J].IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques,October 1978,Vol.MTT-26:891-805.
[32]Byung-Jun Jang,ETRI and Cha-Hong Min,Kospace.A Ku-Band Balanced Amplifier Design Using Thin-Film Hybrid Technique[J].Applied Micrdwave&Wireless.
[33]Wang Zhiquan,Zheng Minjie,Fu Yangbo,Xiao Fen.A Design of 3-dB Wiggly Line Coupler Using Micromachining Technology and Compared with 3-dB Lange Coupler[C].2007 IEEE International Workshop on Anti-counterfeiting,Security,Identification.
[34]F.M.Yamada,A.K.Oki,D.C.Streit etc al.High-Reliability GaAs HBT Monolithic Microwave Amplifier[J].IEEE,1997,MTT-S Digest.
[35](美)Inderbahl,Prakash bhartia著,郑新等译.微波固态电路设计[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2006.
[36]Reinhold Ludwig,Pavel Bretchko著,王子宇等译.射频电路设计—理论与应用[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2002.
[37](美)Ulrich L.Rohde,David P.Newkirik著,刘光祜,张玉兴译.无线应用射频微波电路设计[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2004.
[38]甘本被,吴万春.现代微波滤波器的结构与设计[M].北京:科学出版社,1974.
[39]George L.Matthaei,Leo Young,E.M.T.Jones.Microwave Filter Impedmatching Network and Coupling Strucure[M].McGraw-Hill,1964.
[40]Rainee N.Simons.Coplanar Waveguide Circuits,Components.Wiley,2002.
[41]A.E.Atia,A.E.Williams,and R.W.Newcomb.Narrow-band multiple-coupled cavity synthesis[J].IEEE Trans.Ciucuits Syst,Sept.1974vol.CAS-21:649-655.
[42]J.S.Hong,M.J.Lancaster.Design of Highly Selective Microstrip Bandpass Filters with a Single Pair of Attenuation Poles at Finite Frequencies[J].IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques,July 2000,48(7):1098-1107.
[43]Richard J.Cameron.General Coupling Matrix Synthesis Methods for Chebyshev Filtering Functions[J].IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques,April 1999,Vol.MTT-47:433-442.
[44]R.M.Kuzok.General Four-resonator Filters at Microwave Frequencies[J].IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques,1966,Vol.MTT-14:295-296.
[45]J.S.Hong,M.J.Lancaster.Couplings of Microstrip Square Open-Loop Resonators for Cross-Coupled Planar Microowave Filters[J].IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques,Nov.1996,Vol.MTT-44:2099-2109.
[46]M.Sagawa,K.Takahashi,and M.Makimoto.Miniaturized Hairpin Resonator Filter and Their Application Receiver Front-End MIC's[J].IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques,Dec.1989,Vol.MTT-37:1991-1997.
[47]李胜先,吴须大.微波类椭圆函数滤波器[J].空间电子技术.2001(3):48-52.
[48]George L.Matthaei,Leo Young,and E.M.T.Jones.Microwave Filter,Impedance-matching Network,and Coupling Structures[M].McGraw-Hill,1964.
[49]J.I.Park,J.Yun,and Oal Ahn.A Design of the Novel Coupled-Line Bandpass Filter Using Defected Ground Structure with Wide Stopband Performance[J].IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques,2002,50(9):2037-2043.