用于无损检测的电磁超声换能器数值模拟
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摘要
电磁超声换能器(EMAT)是一种新型的超声波发射接收装置。因为无需与被测物接触,电磁超声换能器将传统的超声无损检测技术扩展到了高温、高速和在线检测中。同时,由于能够省略对被测物表面较为繁琐的预处理工作,电磁超声换能器显著提高了检测效率。然而电磁超声换能器本身换能效率低下,需要通过研究其原理并优化参数来改进提高换能效率。由于电磁超声换能器中的非线性问题及电磁-应力多场耦合问题十分复杂,采用传统的解析方法,难以分析研究电磁超声换能器的原理,因此本文在给出电磁超声换能器数学方程的基础上,建立了电磁超声换能器的物理模型,并用有限元手段来建模仿真。同时对电磁超声换能器几个主要参数进行分析,得出了各参数对电磁超声换能器影响的规律。
The electromagnetic acoustic transducer (EMAT) is a new ultrasonic transmitting and receiving device. As no contact is required between the transducer and the test piece, the EMAT has extend traditional ultrasonic application into high-temperature, high-speed and on-line detection fields. In addition, without the necessity of a good surface condition, the time consuming and complicated preparation works of the test piece also can be omitted, and thus lead to a great improvement of the detection efficiency. However, the EMAT has the problem of low energy conversion, its principle should be studied and parameters should be optimized to improve the energy conversion rate. Because the EMAT’s nonlinear problems and electromagnetic– stress field coupling problem is very complex, it is difficult to analysis the EMAT’s principle using traditional analytical methods, thus this paper gives a EMAT’s mathematical model which is established on the basis of the EMAT’s mathematical equations, then models and simulates it by means of finite element methods. And also several major parameters of the EMAT are analysed, the law of every parameter impacted on the EMAT has obtained.
The electromagnetic acoustic transducer (EMAT) is a new ultrasonic transmitting and receiving device. As no contact is required between the transducer and the test piece, the EMAT has extend traditional ultrasonic application into high-temperature, high-speed and on-line detection fields. In addition, without the necessity of a good surface condition, the time consuming and complicated preparation works of the test piece also can be omitted, and thus lead to a great improvement of the detection efficiency. However, the EMAT has the problem of low energy conversion, its principle should be studied and parameters should be optimized to improve the energy conversion rate. Because the EMAT’s nonlinear problems and electromagnetic– stress field coupling problem is very complex, it is difficult to analysis the EMAT’s principle using traditional analytical methods, thus this paper gives a EMAT’s mathematical model which is established on the basis of the EMAT’s mathematical equations, then models and simulates it by means of finite element methods. And also several major parameters of the EMAT are analysed, the law of every parameter impacted on the EMAT has obtained.
引文
[1] 冉启芳,无损检测方法的分类及其特征简介,无损检测,1999.2,Vol.21(2):75-80
[2] 耿荣生,新千年的的无损检测技术,无损检测,2001.1,Vol.23(1):2-5
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[17] 俞宏生编著,工程电磁场分析与计算,人民交通出版社,1997 年 8 月第一版
[18] 王自明. 无损检测综合知识.机械工业出版社,2005.
[19] 刘清谷、郭嘉源编著,ANSYS 教学范例,中国铁道出版社,2002 年 5 月第一版
[20] R. Lerch , M. Kaltenbacher , H. Landes, “Advanced computer modeling of magnetomechanical transducers and their sound fields”,Proceedings of the IEEE Ultrasonics Symposium, v 1, 2000, p 747-758
[21] 单宝华. 超声相控阵检测技术及其应用. 无损检测,2004 ,26(5) :235.
[22] 王自明. 无损检测诊断现场实用技术.机械工业出版社,2003 : 227.
[23] Licht H.Eni beitrag zur beruhrungslosen anregung von plat-tenwellen[J].Acoustics,1972,27(2):131.
[24] Hirotsugu Ogi,Masahiko Hirao,Toshihiro Ohtani.Line-focusing of ultrasonic SV wave by electromagnetic acoustic transducer[J].Journal of the Acoustical Society of America,1998,103(5):2411-2415.
[25] Hirotsugu Ogi,Masahiko Hirao,Toshihiro Ohtani.Line-focusing electromagnetic acoustic transducers for the detection of slit defects[J].IEEE Tran Ultrasonics,Febroelectrics, and Ferquency Control,1999,46(2):341-366.
[26] Efrain A.Electromagnetic Acoustic Transducer[P].United States:US5503020,1996.
[27] Mason WP,Thurston RN.Electromagnetic-ultrasound Transducers: Principles,Practice and Applications,in:Physical Acoustics[M].New York:Academic Press,1979.179-275.
[28] 汤 剑 飞 . 基 于 激 光 错 位 散 斑 干 涉 的 复 合 材 料 无 损 检 测 . 南 京 航 空 航 天 大 学 学报,2005 ,37(1) :117.
[29] 曾宪林. 激光超声技术及其在无损检测中的应用. 激光与红外,2002 ,32(4) :224.
[30] 王迅. 红外热波无损检测技术及其进展. 无损检测,2004 ,26(10) :497.
[31] 罗 瑞 灵 , 陈 立 功 , 刘 毅 萍 . 电 磁 超 声 换 能 器 在 残 余 应 力 超 声 测 量 中 的 应 用 . 无 损 检测,1998,20(11):316-319.
[32] 颜威利、杨庆新、汪友华等著,电气工程电磁场数值分析,机械工业出版社,2005 年 9 月第一版
[2] 耿荣生,新千年的的无损检测技术,无损检测,2001.1,Vol.23(1):2-5
[3] 胡超,无损检测技术在日本冶金工业中的应用(上),冶金自动化,2001 年第 2 期,p13
[4] 刘松平. 无损检测新技术———永恒的发展主题. 无损检测,2004 ,26(9):32.
[5] 李家伟、陈积懋主编,《无损检测手册》,机械工业出版社,2002 年 1 月版
[6] 《美国无损检测手册》译审委员会译,美国无损检测手册·电磁卷,世界图书出版公司, 1999年
[7] Wibrand A. Thcoretische and experimentelle uniersuchunnen zu cinem quantitativen modell fur electromannetische ultra-schallprufkopfe. Germany: Universitat des Saarlandes, 1990.
[8] Xiao-Wei Dai. Electromannetic acoustic transducers: physical principles and finite element modeling. Worcester, MA: Deparhnent of Electrical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, 1990.
[9] Maurício Pereira da Cunha, Jared W. Jordan. Improved Longitudinal EMAT Transducer for Elastic Constant Extraction. Frequency Control Symposium and Exposition, 2005. Proceedings of the 2005 IEEE International 29-31 Aug. 2005 Page(s):426 – 432
[10] Koorosh Mirkhania, Chris Chaggares.ect. Optimal design of EMAT transmitters. NDT&E International 37 (2004) 181–193
[11] 朱红秀和吴淼等. 电磁超声传感器(EMAT)最佳磁感应强度的研究. 煤炭学报,第 30 卷第 4期,2005 年 8 月.P525-528
[12] Leonard Scrantz. System, Method and Apparatus for the Ultrasonic Inspection of Liquid Fielded Tubulars and Yessels. United States: US5619423, 1994.
[13] Masahiko Hirao, Hirotsugu Oni. An SH-wave EMAT technique for gas pipeline inspections. NDT&E International,1999,32(3):127-132.
[14] 张广纯,陆原,李希英等.电磁超声自动探伤技术.中国: CN 102220X, 1993.
[15] 苏劲,张广纯,梁杰宁.电磁探伤装置.中国: CN2090061U,1991.
[16] 刘天华,乔学亮等. EMAT 测距测厚的系统设计及实现. 测控技术,2005 年第 24 卷第 4 期P20~22
[17] 俞宏生编著,工程电磁场分析与计算,人民交通出版社,1997 年 8 月第一版
[18] 王自明. 无损检测综合知识.机械工业出版社,2005.
[19] 刘清谷、郭嘉源编著,ANSYS 教学范例,中国铁道出版社,2002 年 5 月第一版
[20] R. Lerch , M. Kaltenbacher , H. Landes, “Advanced computer modeling of magnetomechanical transducers and their sound fields”,Proceedings of the IEEE Ultrasonics Symposium, v 1, 2000, p 747-758
[21] 单宝华. 超声相控阵检测技术及其应用. 无损检测,2004 ,26(5) :235.
[22] 王自明. 无损检测诊断现场实用技术.机械工业出版社,2003 : 227.
[23] Licht H.Eni beitrag zur beruhrungslosen anregung von plat-tenwellen[J].Acoustics,1972,27(2):131.
[24] Hirotsugu Ogi,Masahiko Hirao,Toshihiro Ohtani.Line-focusing of ultrasonic SV wave by electromagnetic acoustic transducer[J].Journal of the Acoustical Society of America,1998,103(5):2411-2415.
[25] Hirotsugu Ogi,Masahiko Hirao,Toshihiro Ohtani.Line-focusing electromagnetic acoustic transducers for the detection of slit defects[J].IEEE Tran Ultrasonics,Febroelectrics, and Ferquency Control,1999,46(2):341-366.
[26] Efrain A.Electromagnetic Acoustic Transducer[P].United States:US5503020,1996.
[27] Mason WP,Thurston RN.Electromagnetic-ultrasound Transducers: Principles,Practice and Applications,in:Physical Acoustics[M].New York:Academic Press,1979.179-275.
[28] 汤 剑 飞 . 基 于 激 光 错 位 散 斑 干 涉 的 复 合 材 料 无 损 检 测 . 南 京 航 空 航 天 大 学 学报,2005 ,37(1) :117.
[29] 曾宪林. 激光超声技术及其在无损检测中的应用. 激光与红外,2002 ,32(4) :224.
[30] 王迅. 红外热波无损检测技术及其进展. 无损检测,2004 ,26(10) :497.
[31] 罗 瑞 灵 , 陈 立 功 , 刘 毅 萍 . 电 磁 超 声 换 能 器 在 残 余 应 力 超 声 测 量 中 的 应 用 . 无 损 检测,1998,20(11):316-319.
[32] 颜威利、杨庆新、汪友华等著,电气工程电磁场数值分析,机械工业出版社,2005 年 9 月第一版