面向虚拟装配的人机界面设计技术研究
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摘要
目前,虚拟装配技术作为一种新的装配技术越来越受到各国研究者的关注。在新产品的开发过程中使用虚拟装配技术不仅可以缩短产品的开发周期,还能降低成本,保障产品的性能和质量。而目前针对虚拟装配技术的研究主要都集中在虚拟外设(如虚拟手套、头盔显示器等)和虚拟环境之间的交互技术方面,而对虚拟装配系统的人机界面研究比较少,而人机界面设计的优与劣,将直接影响到虚拟装配系统的使用效率和交互性,因此,对虚拟装配系统的界面设计进行研究具有十分重要的意义。
本文首先对人机界面设计进行了概述性的介绍,对用户与界面之间的信息处理模型以及信息交换方式进行了探讨,并对人机界面设计的总体流程做出了规划。
本文基于“以用户为中心”的人机界面设计理念,从了解用户入手,分析了虚拟装配系统的三类用户群体的特征及各自的任务,并利用GOMS和OVID两种分析模型对界面设计进行了模型化分析。接着对虚拟装配系统采取用例图的分析方法,对该系统的模块及其功能进行了划分和细化,对系统主界面菜单和其子菜单的设计进行了研究,重点利用OVID建模和UML流程分析以及类图分析的方法,对装配信息管理子模块的界面原型进行了分析和设计。
最后以VC++6.0作为软件开发工具,以Open Inventor作为虚拟场景平台开发了虚拟装配系统的人机界面,并分析了该系统界面的运行流程和交互性,并作了总结和展望。
Recently, Virtual Assembly (VA) is a new technology that has been widely researched around the world. The use of this technology can shorten the product development cycle, and can reduce the cost, guarantee the performance and quality of the production. Now the research on VA is centralized on the interaction of the virtual equipment and the virtual environment, the study on the interface design much less, but the interface is very important for the virtual assembly, so the study on the interface designing for the virtual assembly is significant.
In this thesis, at the first of this thesis, give a introduction of Human-Computer Interface design, study on the information managing model and information intercommunicating methods between human and the interface. Then analyze the flowing of Human-Computer Interface design.
Study on the users; analyze three kinds of users in the virtual assembly system and their character, mission. Use GOMS and OVID models to analyze the interface design, measure off the module and function of the virtual assembly system. Research on the menu of the system, use OVID model and UML to analyze and design the interface of assembly information module.
In the end of this thesis, use VC++6. 0 to be the software development tool, use Open Inventor to develop the virtual environment, analyze the interaction of this system. Finally, the whole thesis is summarized as well as the next necessary work is pointed out.
本文首先对人机界面设计进行了概述性的介绍,对用户与界面之间的信息处理模型以及信息交换方式进行了探讨,并对人机界面设计的总体流程做出了规划。
本文基于“以用户为中心”的人机界面设计理念,从了解用户入手,分析了虚拟装配系统的三类用户群体的特征及各自的任务,并利用GOMS和OVID两种分析模型对界面设计进行了模型化分析。接着对虚拟装配系统采取用例图的分析方法,对该系统的模块及其功能进行了划分和细化,对系统主界面菜单和其子菜单的设计进行了研究,重点利用OVID建模和UML流程分析以及类图分析的方法,对装配信息管理子模块的界面原型进行了分析和设计。
最后以VC++6.0作为软件开发工具,以Open Inventor作为虚拟场景平台开发了虚拟装配系统的人机界面,并分析了该系统界面的运行流程和交互性,并作了总结和展望。
Recently, Virtual Assembly (VA) is a new technology that has been widely researched around the world. The use of this technology can shorten the product development cycle, and can reduce the cost, guarantee the performance and quality of the production. Now the research on VA is centralized on the interaction of the virtual equipment and the virtual environment, the study on the interface design much less, but the interface is very important for the virtual assembly, so the study on the interface designing for the virtual assembly is significant.
In this thesis, at the first of this thesis, give a introduction of Human-Computer Interface design, study on the information managing model and information intercommunicating methods between human and the interface. Then analyze the flowing of Human-Computer Interface design.
Study on the users; analyze three kinds of users in the virtual assembly system and their character, mission. Use GOMS and OVID models to analyze the interface design, measure off the module and function of the virtual assembly system. Research on the menu of the system, use OVID model and UML to analyze and design the interface of assembly information module.
In the end of this thesis, use VC++6. 0 to be the software development tool, use Open Inventor to develop the virtual environment, analyze the interaction of this system. Finally, the whole thesis is summarized as well as the next necessary work is pointed out.
引文
[1]王剑;姚建军;王舜尧;王汝文.复杂人机交互系统软件设计的一种新方法.测控技术,Measurement & Control Technology,2003年08期
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[3] Shneiderman B.Designing the User Interface Strategies for Effective Human‐Computer Interaction [M] (1998).114～133
[4] Card;Moran;Newell A.The Psychology of Human Computer Interaction.Hillsdale NJ:Lawrence Erlbaum Associates
[5] http: // www.gui‐designers.co.uk
[6]孟祥旭;李学庆.人机交互技术——原理与应用[M].清华大学出版社,2004年9月.56～63
[7] A Wisner;R Rebiffe.Methods of improving work place layout.International Journal of Production Research.1963
[8] Kuch J J;Huang T S.Human Computer Interaction via the Human Hand:A Hand Model.In 1994 Conference Record of the Twenty‐Eighth Asilomar Conf.on Signals Systems and Computers,1994,2:1252～1256
[9]董士海;王坚;戴国忠等.人机交互和多通道用户界面[M].第1版.北京:科学出版社;1999.15～33
[10] http://eadmin.ia.ac.cn/ia/achieve.asp
[11] http//www.iflytek.com
[12]董士海;陈敏等.多通道用户界面的模型、方法及实例.北京大学学报(自然科学版),ACTA SCICENTIARUM NATURALUM UNIVERSITIS PEKINESIS,1998年21期
[13] M C Boney. A computer program to layout controls and panels.Ergonomics;1977Vol.20No.3: 297～316
[14] Ramon Mas Sanso;Daniel Thalmann.A hand control and automatic grasping system for synthetic actors.In:Eurographics’94,1994:167～176
[15] B M Pault . A computer‐aided panel layout procedure for process control jobs‐LAYGON.IIE Transactions,1985,Vol.17,No.l:84～93
[16] Frieder Nake , Susanne Grabowski . Human‐computer interaction viewed as pseudo‐communication[J].Knowledge‐Based Systems,2001,14:441‐447
[17]严隽琪;范秀敏;马登哲.虚拟制造的理论、技术基础与实现[M].上海交通大出版社,2003.8:215～219
[18]李明霞.界面迈入网络时代.微电脑世界,1998,(41):11～15
[19] Jennerfer Preece;Yvonne Rogers;Helen Sharp(刘晓辉;张景等译).交互设计——超越人机交互[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2003:43～49 [20]龙升照.人‐机‐环境系统工程研究进展(第五卷)[M],2001,2(2):21～25
[21]方志刚;吴晓波;马卫娟.人机交互技术新进展.计算机工程与设计.1998.1
[22]李琪;白英彩;曾芬芳.一个虚拟手原型的实现.上海交通大学学报,1999,33(11):378～380
[23]刘浩学;杨立本;何树坤.汽车制动与加速踏板高度差的工效学研究.人类工效学,1998,9(3)
[24]付世波;袁修干.驾驶员操作域的计算机辅助判定.汽车工程,1996,18(6)
[25]黄金陵;李炭;邵立等.车身内部布置CAD系统及其应用.汽车技术,1998
[26]林建.机械系统人机界面评价指标的研究.中国农业大学博十学位论文,1998.6
[27] Moccozet L;Thalmann N.M.Multilevel.Deformation Model applied to Hand Simulation for Virtual Actors. In International Conference on VSMM '97.1997,10(12):119~128
[28]唐好选;洪炳荣;刘伟.人手的运动学仿真及基于知识的控制方法.高技术通讯,2001,11(10):61～65
[29] Taylor ; R.Netal,A Component and Message‐Based Architectural Style for GUI Software[J].IEEE Transaction on Software Engineering,1996,22(6):390～406
[30] Hix D;Hartson H R,Developing User Interfaces:Ensuring Usability Through Product and Process[M].New York:John Wiley and Sons,1993.58～60
[31] Hartson H R;Siochi A.C;Hix D.The UAN:A User‐Oriented Representation for DirectManipulation User Interface[J].ACM Transactions on Information Systems,1990,8(3):181～203
[32]关志伟.面向用户意图的智能人机交互[D].北京:中国科学院软件研究所,2000.123～141
[33] Judy York,Parag C.Pendharkar.Human‐computer interaction issues for mobile computing in a variable work context[J]. Human‐Computer Studies, 2004,60:628～633
[34]张云鹏.基于认知心理学知识的人机界面设计[J].计算机工程与应用,2005,30:106～107
[35]王家顺;王田苗;魏军等.一种面向遥操作的新型数据手套研制.机器人(ROBOT);2000,22(3):201～206
[36] Steven A.Wall:William Harwin.A high bandwidth interface for haptic human computer interaction[J].Mechatronics 2001,8(3):371～387
[37]周建武;戴国忠.用户界面评估系统UIEV‐Pro的设计与实现[J].计算机辅助设计与图形学学报,1998,10(2):1～8
[38]王浣尘.可行性研究和多目标决策[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1986.132～188
[39] Giuseppe Catania,A computer‐aided prototype system for NC rough milling shaped mechanical part‐pieces,Computers in Industry 20,1992:275～293
[40]符德江.用户界面的工效学评价与测试[J].计算机世界,1994:151～155
[41]古乐;史九林.软件测试技术概论[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2004.160～161.
[2]董士海;王衡.人机交互[M].北京大学出版社,2004年6月:27～28
[3] Shneiderman B.Designing the User Interface Strategies for Effective Human‐Computer Interaction [M] (1998).114～133
[4] Card;Moran;Newell A.The Psychology of Human Computer Interaction.Hillsdale NJ:Lawrence Erlbaum Associates
[5] http: // www.gui‐designers.co.uk
[6]孟祥旭;李学庆.人机交互技术——原理与应用[M].清华大学出版社,2004年9月.56～63
[7] A Wisner;R Rebiffe.Methods of improving work place layout.International Journal of Production Research.1963
[8] Kuch J J;Huang T S.Human Computer Interaction via the Human Hand:A Hand Model.In 1994 Conference Record of the Twenty‐Eighth Asilomar Conf.on Signals Systems and Computers,1994,2:1252～1256
[9]董士海;王坚;戴国忠等.人机交互和多通道用户界面[M].第1版.北京:科学出版社;1999.15～33
[10] http://eadmin.ia.ac.cn/ia/achieve.asp
[11] http//www.iflytek.com
[12]董士海;陈敏等.多通道用户界面的模型、方法及实例.北京大学学报(自然科学版),ACTA SCICENTIARUM NATURALUM UNIVERSITIS PEKINESIS,1998年21期
[13] M C Boney. A computer program to layout controls and panels.Ergonomics;1977Vol.20No.3: 297～316
[14] Ramon Mas Sanso;Daniel Thalmann.A hand control and automatic grasping system for synthetic actors.In:Eurographics’94,1994:167～176
[15] B M Pault . A computer‐aided panel layout procedure for process control jobs‐LAYGON.IIE Transactions,1985,Vol.17,No.l:84～93
[16] Frieder Nake , Susanne Grabowski . Human‐computer interaction viewed as pseudo‐communication[J].Knowledge‐Based Systems,2001,14:441‐447
[17]严隽琪;范秀敏;马登哲.虚拟制造的理论、技术基础与实现[M].上海交通大出版社,2003.8:215～219
[18]李明霞.界面迈入网络时代.微电脑世界,1998,(41):11～15
[19] Jennerfer Preece;Yvonne Rogers;Helen Sharp(刘晓辉;张景等译).交互设计——超越人机交互[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2003:43～49 [20]龙升照.人‐机‐环境系统工程研究进展(第五卷)[M],2001,2(2):21～25
[21]方志刚;吴晓波;马卫娟.人机交互技术新进展.计算机工程与设计.1998.1
[22]李琪;白英彩;曾芬芳.一个虚拟手原型的实现.上海交通大学学报,1999,33(11):378～380
[23]刘浩学;杨立本;何树坤.汽车制动与加速踏板高度差的工效学研究.人类工效学,1998,9(3)
[24]付世波;袁修干.驾驶员操作域的计算机辅助判定.汽车工程,1996,18(6)
[25]黄金陵;李炭;邵立等.车身内部布置CAD系统及其应用.汽车技术,1998
[26]林建.机械系统人机界面评价指标的研究.中国农业大学博十学位论文,1998.6
[27] Moccozet L;Thalmann N.M.Multilevel.Deformation Model applied to Hand Simulation for Virtual Actors. In International Conference on VSMM '97.1997,10(12):119~128
[28]唐好选;洪炳荣;刘伟.人手的运动学仿真及基于知识的控制方法.高技术通讯,2001,11(10):61～65
[29] Taylor ; R.Netal,A Component and Message‐Based Architectural Style for GUI Software[J].IEEE Transaction on Software Engineering,1996,22(6):390～406
[30] Hix D;Hartson H R,Developing User Interfaces:Ensuring Usability Through Product and Process[M].New York:John Wiley and Sons,1993.58～60
[31] Hartson H R;Siochi A.C;Hix D.The UAN:A User‐Oriented Representation for DirectManipulation User Interface[J].ACM Transactions on Information Systems,1990,8(3):181～203
[32]关志伟.面向用户意图的智能人机交互[D].北京:中国科学院软件研究所,2000.123～141
[33] Judy York,Parag C.Pendharkar.Human‐computer interaction issues for mobile computing in a variable work context[J]. Human‐Computer Studies, 2004,60:628～633
[34]张云鹏.基于认知心理学知识的人机界面设计[J].计算机工程与应用,2005,30:106～107
[35]王家顺;王田苗;魏军等.一种面向遥操作的新型数据手套研制.机器人(ROBOT);2000,22(3):201～206
[36] Steven A.Wall:William Harwin.A high bandwidth interface for haptic human computer interaction[J].Mechatronics 2001,8(3):371～387
[37]周建武;戴国忠.用户界面评估系统UIEV‐Pro的设计与实现[J].计算机辅助设计与图形学学报,1998,10(2):1～8
[38]王浣尘.可行性研究和多目标决策[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1986.132～188
[39] Giuseppe Catania,A computer‐aided prototype system for NC rough milling shaped mechanical part‐pieces,Computers in Industry 20,1992:275～293
[40]符德江.用户界面的工效学评价与测试[J].计算机世界,1994:151～155
[41]古乐;史九林.软件测试技术概论[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2004.160～161.