基于导电聚合物的QCM气敏传感器研究
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摘要
气敏传感器是一种简便的气体检测方法,在环境监测、工农业生产、食品卫生、医疗诊断、军事和公共安全等许多领域有着广泛的应用前景。气敏传感器阵列与人工智能相结合构成的人工嗅觉系统弥补了单一气敏传感器存在的一些缺陷,拓展了气敏传感器的应用范围,同时也对气敏传感器的性能提出了更高的要求。研究和开发高灵敏度、快速响应、重现性好、体积小、工作温度度低、功耗低的气敏传感器具有十分重要的意义。
本文概述了气敏传感器的研究进展,从敏感材料和检测方法两个角度分析了各种气敏传感器的优缺点以及性能改善的方法。针对食品检验、环境监测和医疗诊断等领域迫切需要检测三甲胺气体这一需求,研究了以导电聚合物作为敏感材料的QCM(Quartz Crystal Microbalance,石英晶体微天平)气敏传感器。
通过对QCM的工作原理及结构特点分析,在借鉴已有QCM信号检测方法的基础之上,作者首先开发了一套低成本的QCM测量系统,用于研究气敏传感器的性能。
其次,采用乳聚法和添加少量表面活性剂诱导的方法分别制备了聚吡咯、水溶性聚苯胺,并将它们作为敏感膜材料制作了QCM气敏传感器。考察了这些传感器对三甲胺气体响应的灵敏度、响应时间、恢复时间、重现性、选择性、寿命等多方面的性能。实验结果表明,在室温环境下传感器工作性能良好、稳定。这种气敏传感器制备方法具有操作简单、条件易于控制、耗时短、成本低等优点。
还通过在苯胺聚合过程中添加TiO_2溶胶—凝胶的方法制得了聚苯胺—TiO_2纳米复合物,并考察了TiO_2纳米粒子对聚苯胺气敏性能的影响。研究发现聚苯胺—TiO_2纳米复合物的耐热性要比水溶性聚苯胺好。分析探讨了造成它们耐热性不一样的原因,为气体敏感材料的设计和改性提供借鉴。
As a convenient method to detect gases, gas sensors are widely used in many fields, such as environment monitoring, industry and agriculture production, food safety, medical diagnosis, military and public safety. Combining gas sensor arrays with artificial intelligence, artificial olfaction systems overcome the shortcomings of single gas sensor, expand the usage of gas sensors and requiremuch improvement on the performances of gas sensors. Therefore, it is very important to research and develop the gas sensors with high sensitivity, short response time, good repeatability, small volume, low operating temperature and power consumption.
This thesis reviewed the research on gas sensors, and compared different kinds of gas sensors from the view point of sensing material and detecting method. To meet the urgent demands of detecting of trimethylamine in food assay, environment monitoring and medical diagnosis, this thesis studied some gas sensors based on conducting polymer and QCM (Quartz Crystal Microbalance) technology.
After introducting the principle, configuration and characteristics of QCM, the author developed a low cost QCM testing system to investigate the performances of the sensors in all later experiments.
Secondly, the author prepared polypyrrole using emulsion polymerization method as well as water soluble polyaniline by adding a small amount of surfactant. Both knids of materials are used as sensing film of QCM trimethylamine gas sensors, respectively. The sensitivity, response time, recover time, repeatability, selectivity and life-span of these sensors were investigated. The results show that these sensors work stably at room temperature. The method to prepare these QCM gas sensors has many advantages, such as easy operation, no strict condition requirement, rapid fabrication and low cost.
Furthermore, polyaniline-TiO_2 nanocomposite was prepared with chemical oxide method by adding a small amount of TiO_2 sol-gel, and the effect of TiO_2 nano-particle on gas sensing performance of polyaniline investigated. The Experimental results shown that polyaniline-TiO_2 nanocomposite had better thermal resistance than water soluble polyaniline. The reason why two materials have different thermal resistance are discussed, which is meaningful for gas sensing material design and modification.
本文概述了气敏传感器的研究进展,从敏感材料和检测方法两个角度分析了各种气敏传感器的优缺点以及性能改善的方法。针对食品检验、环境监测和医疗诊断等领域迫切需要检测三甲胺气体这一需求,研究了以导电聚合物作为敏感材料的QCM(Quartz Crystal Microbalance,石英晶体微天平)气敏传感器。
通过对QCM的工作原理及结构特点分析,在借鉴已有QCM信号检测方法的基础之上,作者首先开发了一套低成本的QCM测量系统,用于研究气敏传感器的性能。
其次,采用乳聚法和添加少量表面活性剂诱导的方法分别制备了聚吡咯、水溶性聚苯胺,并将它们作为敏感膜材料制作了QCM气敏传感器。考察了这些传感器对三甲胺气体响应的灵敏度、响应时间、恢复时间、重现性、选择性、寿命等多方面的性能。实验结果表明,在室温环境下传感器工作性能良好、稳定。这种气敏传感器制备方法具有操作简单、条件易于控制、耗时短、成本低等优点。
还通过在苯胺聚合过程中添加TiO_2溶胶—凝胶的方法制得了聚苯胺—TiO_2纳米复合物,并考察了TiO_2纳米粒子对聚苯胺气敏性能的影响。研究发现聚苯胺—TiO_2纳米复合物的耐热性要比水溶性聚苯胺好。分析探讨了造成它们耐热性不一样的原因,为气体敏感材料的设计和改性提供借鉴。
As a convenient method to detect gases, gas sensors are widely used in many fields, such as environment monitoring, industry and agriculture production, food safety, medical diagnosis, military and public safety. Combining gas sensor arrays with artificial intelligence, artificial olfaction systems overcome the shortcomings of single gas sensor, expand the usage of gas sensors and requiremuch improvement on the performances of gas sensors. Therefore, it is very important to research and develop the gas sensors with high sensitivity, short response time, good repeatability, small volume, low operating temperature and power consumption.
This thesis reviewed the research on gas sensors, and compared different kinds of gas sensors from the view point of sensing material and detecting method. To meet the urgent demands of detecting of trimethylamine in food assay, environment monitoring and medical diagnosis, this thesis studied some gas sensors based on conducting polymer and QCM (Quartz Crystal Microbalance) technology.
After introducting the principle, configuration and characteristics of QCM, the author developed a low cost QCM testing system to investigate the performances of the sensors in all later experiments.
Secondly, the author prepared polypyrrole using emulsion polymerization method as well as water soluble polyaniline by adding a small amount of surfactant. Both knids of materials are used as sensing film of QCM trimethylamine gas sensors, respectively. The sensitivity, response time, recover time, repeatability, selectivity and life-span of these sensors were investigated. The results show that these sensors work stably at room temperature. The method to prepare these QCM gas sensors has many advantages, such as easy operation, no strict condition requirement, rapid fabrication and low cost.
Furthermore, polyaniline-TiO_2 nanocomposite was prepared with chemical oxide method by adding a small amount of TiO_2 sol-gel, and the effect of TiO_2 nano-particle on gas sensing performance of polyaniline investigated. The Experimental results shown that polyaniline-TiO_2 nanocomposite had better thermal resistance than water soluble polyaniline. The reason why two materials have different thermal resistance are discussed, which is meaningful for gas sensing material design and modification.
引文
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