基于复杂网络视角的农村劳动力流动分析
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摘要
社会网络分析是几十年来迅速发展起来的一新的研究方法或研究领域,已被广泛应用到社会学,经济学、组织管理,人类学,大众传播,流行病防控等众多领域。从网络的视角来分析和研究各类社会经济形象被认为是社会研究的一个重要的新思路和视角,可以说一切社会现象都可以通过旨在揭示基本社会结构的方法得到更好的研究。
本文旨在通过从网络的角度来分析我国农村劳动力流动过程中形成的各类现象的成因和特点,主要探讨各类不同社会支持网络结构对劳动力流动的影响,并结合了自组织临界性的思想来解释和分析劳动流动性的成因和特点。与之前大部分从经济波动和政府就业政策等外部因素决定劳动力流动性的理论和方法不同,本文主要从网络的视角和自组织临界性的视角来分析这一问题,旨在强调就业群体内部因素对其就业流动性的所发挥的作用,因此为劳动力流动的研究提供了新的研究视角。
本文通过以元胞自动机技术基础,以传统二维的BTW沙堆模型为原型,构建了几个建立在不同网络拓扑结构下劳动力流动模型,通过数值模拟分别对这几个模型的动力学行为进行对比综合研究,一方面揭示了这些模型动力学行为的自组织性,就是说即使只存在微小的外部干扰,系统内部也能自发的形成各种规模和强度的波动性,另一方面也证明了模型的动力行为对其网络结构具有一定的敏感性,也就是说在不同的网络结构下,个体间的相互作用方式不同,从而对群体内部的波动行为产生影响。
本文力求把上述结论应用到分析我国农村劳动力流动这一问题上来,并结合了我国农民工的自身特点以及我产业分布格局等因素,分析了我国农民工就业的主要几类可能的支持网络结构,探讨了我国农村劳动力人工的高流动性的成因,这些基本的结论想必一定会对我国政府和其他相关部门在制定相关政策和做决策时提供一定的理论参考作用。
As a new research method or field of study, the social network analysis, which has been in rapid development in last decades, has been widely applied to sociology, economics, organizational management, anthropology, mass communication, the epidemic prevention and control and many other fields. It is considered an important new ideas and perspectives to analyze and study all kinds of socio-economic image of the social studies from the network perspective. It can be asserted that all social phenomena can be studied more comprehensively, via the method designed to reveal the basic social structure.
This paper aims to analyze, from the perspective of the network, the causes and characteristics of various types of phenomena in the course of China's rural labor mobility, and focuses on various types of social support network structure which has impact on labor mobility, and via combination of ideological self-organized criticality to explain and analyze the causes of labor mobility and characteristics. Unlike most of the previous explanation from the economic fluctuations and other external factors such as employment policy, labor mobility theory and methods, this paper analyzes this issue from a network perspective and the perspective of self-organized criticality, and it seeks to highlight the internal factors of the employment group in the course of their employment mobility, and provides a new research perspective of labor movement.
This paper, builds several sandpile models based on different network topologies.And the prototype of this models is the cellular automaton technology-based two-dimensional BTW sandpile model. By individually and comparatively comprehensive study of the respective dynamical behavior of these models, several results and conclusion can be obtained. On one hand it reveals self-organization of the dynamics of these models, that is, even if there is only minimal external interference within the system it can spontaneously form a variety of size and intensity of volatility, it also proved that in the sand model the dynamic behavior is sensitive to their network structure, that is, under different network structure, the interaction between individuals behaves in different ways, and thus has an impact on the volatility of the internal behavior of the group.
This article tries to apply these conclusions to the issue of the analysis of China's rural labor mobility, and combined with the inherent characteristics of China's migrant workers as well as industry distribution patterns and other factors. It analyzes the main types of possible structure of support network of the employment migrant workers in China, and the causes of China's rural labor force of the high mobility of labor. Hope some conclusions in this paper would provide some theoretical reference for our government and other relevant departments in their formulation of relevant policies and decisions making.
本文旨在通过从网络的角度来分析我国农村劳动力流动过程中形成的各类现象的成因和特点,主要探讨各类不同社会支持网络结构对劳动力流动的影响,并结合了自组织临界性的思想来解释和分析劳动流动性的成因和特点。与之前大部分从经济波动和政府就业政策等外部因素决定劳动力流动性的理论和方法不同,本文主要从网络的视角和自组织临界性的视角来分析这一问题,旨在强调就业群体内部因素对其就业流动性的所发挥的作用,因此为劳动力流动的研究提供了新的研究视角。
本文通过以元胞自动机技术基础,以传统二维的BTW沙堆模型为原型,构建了几个建立在不同网络拓扑结构下劳动力流动模型,通过数值模拟分别对这几个模型的动力学行为进行对比综合研究,一方面揭示了这些模型动力学行为的自组织性,就是说即使只存在微小的外部干扰,系统内部也能自发的形成各种规模和强度的波动性,另一方面也证明了模型的动力行为对其网络结构具有一定的敏感性,也就是说在不同的网络结构下,个体间的相互作用方式不同,从而对群体内部的波动行为产生影响。
本文力求把上述结论应用到分析我国农村劳动力流动这一问题上来,并结合了我国农民工的自身特点以及我产业分布格局等因素,分析了我国农民工就业的主要几类可能的支持网络结构,探讨了我国农村劳动力人工的高流动性的成因,这些基本的结论想必一定会对我国政府和其他相关部门在制定相关政策和做决策时提供一定的理论参考作用。
As a new research method or field of study, the social network analysis, which has been in rapid development in last decades, has been widely applied to sociology, economics, organizational management, anthropology, mass communication, the epidemic prevention and control and many other fields. It is considered an important new ideas and perspectives to analyze and study all kinds of socio-economic image of the social studies from the network perspective. It can be asserted that all social phenomena can be studied more comprehensively, via the method designed to reveal the basic social structure.
This paper aims to analyze, from the perspective of the network, the causes and characteristics of various types of phenomena in the course of China's rural labor mobility, and focuses on various types of social support network structure which has impact on labor mobility, and via combination of ideological self-organized criticality to explain and analyze the causes of labor mobility and characteristics. Unlike most of the previous explanation from the economic fluctuations and other external factors such as employment policy, labor mobility theory and methods, this paper analyzes this issue from a network perspective and the perspective of self-organized criticality, and it seeks to highlight the internal factors of the employment group in the course of their employment mobility, and provides a new research perspective of labor movement.
This paper, builds several sandpile models based on different network topologies.And the prototype of this models is the cellular automaton technology-based two-dimensional BTW sandpile model. By individually and comparatively comprehensive study of the respective dynamical behavior of these models, several results and conclusion can be obtained. On one hand it reveals self-organization of the dynamics of these models, that is, even if there is only minimal external interference within the system it can spontaneously form a variety of size and intensity of volatility, it also proved that in the sand model the dynamic behavior is sensitive to their network structure, that is, under different network structure, the interaction between individuals behaves in different ways, and thus has an impact on the volatility of the internal behavior of the group.
This article tries to apply these conclusions to the issue of the analysis of China's rural labor mobility, and combined with the inherent characteristics of China's migrant workers as well as industry distribution patterns and other factors. It analyzes the main types of possible structure of support network of the employment migrant workers in China, and the causes of China's rural labor force of the high mobility of labor. Hope some conclusions in this paper would provide some theoretical reference for our government and other relevant departments in their formulation of relevant policies and decisions making.
引文
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[4]刘应杰.中国城乡关系与中国农民工人[M].北京：社会科学出版社,2000.78
[5]张为民；马京奎；于弘文；中国劳动力迁移流动的特征[J]统计研究2004,(6)21-22
[6]孟凡友农村劳动力流动的稳定性研究——以深圳市为案例的实证研究[J]统计研究2003,(07)31-32
[7]M Granovetter The Strength of Weak Tiesb In:A Network Theory Revisited Sociological Theory[J],1983(01),201-233
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[9]边燕杰.社会网络与求职过程[J].国外社会学,1999(04)：113.
[10]翟学伟.社会流动与关系信任一也论关系强度与农村劳动力的求职策略[J].社会学研究,2003：48
[11]李强.中国大陆城市农民工的职业流动[J].社会学研究,1999(3)：93-101.
[12]农村劳动力流动的组织化特征课题组.农村劳动力流动的组织化特征[J]社会学研究,1997(1)：15-24.
[13]陈阿江.农村劳动力流动与形成中的农村劳动力市场[J].社会学研究,1997(1)：33-41.
[14]王春光.流动中的社会网络：温州人在巴黎和北京的行动方式[J].社会学研究,2000(3)：109-123.
[15]彭庆恩.关系资本和地位获得—以北京市建筑行业农民包工头的个案为例[J].社会学研究,1996(4)：53-63.
[16]翟学伟.社会流动与关系信任—也论关系强度与农村劳动力的求职策略[J].社会学研究2003(1)：10
[17]刘林平.外来人群体中的关系运用—以深圳“平江村”为个案[J].中国社会科学,2001(5)：112-124.
[18]李培林,流动民工的社会网络和社会地位[J].社会学研究,1996(4)31-32
[19]柯兰君等.都市里的村民—中国大城市的流动人口[M].北京：中央编译出版社,2001
[20]杜鹰,白南生主编.走出乡村—中国农村劳动力流动实证研究[M].北京：经济科学出版社,1999
[21]谭深.农村劳动力流动研究综述[M].景天魁主编.中国社会学年鉴1999—2002北京：社会科学文献出版社,2004
[22]Lei Guang, The state Connection in China Rural-urban migration [J] The International Migration Review 2005 Vol 39.354
[23]王毅杰,王微 国内流动农民研究述评[J]河海大学学报(哲学社会科学版)2004(3)61
[24]M Granovetter Problems of explanation in economic sociologyNetworks and organizations:Structure, form, and action[M] Boston, MA:Harvard Business Schaal Press 1992,471
[25]RM Fernandez, EJ Castilla, P Moore Social Capital at Work:Networks and Employment at a Phone Center [J] American Journal of Sociology,2000:17-19
[26]M Granovetter Economic action and social structure:A theory of embeddedness [J]-American Journal of Sociology,1985:231
[27]N Lin Social structure and network analysis [M], Beverly Hills. Sage Publications 1982,211
[28]国家统计局.中华人民共和国2004年国民经济和社会发展统计公报[M].人民网(www. people. com. cn),2005年2月28日
[29]山东省统计局 山东流动人口现状、特征及就业问题分析[EB/OL]http://www. ce. cn/cysc/ztpd/zszl/fxl/200907/15/t20090715_19443981.sh tml
[30]葛立成产业集聚与城市化的地域模式——以浙江省为例中国工业经济2004,1(1)：301.
[31]M. E. J. Newman, The structure and function of complex networks, SIAM Review 2003 (45),167.
[32]M. E. J. Newman and J. Park, Why social networks are different from other types of networks, Phys. Rev. E68 (2003),036122.
[33]M. E. J. Newman, The structure of scientific collaboration networks, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 98 (2001) 404
[34]M. E. J. Newman, S. H. Strogatz and D. J. Watts, Rondom graphs with arbitrary degree distributions and their applications, Phys. Rev. E 64, (2001),026118
[35]J. H. Jones and M. S. Handcock, An assessment of preferential attachment as a mechanism for human sexual network formation, Preprint, University of Washington (2003),021019
[36]Erdos P, Renyi A. On the evolution of random graphs, Publications of the Mathematical Institute of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences 5,17-61(1960)
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