基于dSPACE的PWM整流器的研究
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摘要
目前电力电子应用领域中,绝大多数的交流电动机驱动逆变器前级都采用了二极管整流器或晶闸管相控整流器。常规整流环节一方面对电网注入了大量谐波,对电网造成污染,另一方面当电动机工作于发电状态时无法实现电能回馈。PWM整流器具有网侧电流正弦性好、能实现单位功率因数运行、能量双向流动和快速的动态响应等特点。本文主要从提高功率因数和能量回馈两个角度对三相电压型PWM整流器作了相应的研究。
本文对三相电压型PWM整流器的拓扑结构和工作原理进行了分析,建立了PWM整流器在ABC静止坐标系和dq同步旋转坐标系下的高频和低频数学模型,详细推导了系统电感和电容的参数设计过程。电流控制技术是PWM整流器控制的关键,本文介绍了系统的两种电流控制策略,即间接电流控制和直接电流控制,并给出了相应的算法实现框图,着重阐述了空间电压矢量控制方法和双闭环控制系统的设计。
dSPACE实时仿真系统是由德国dSPACE公司开发的一套基于Matlab/Simulink的控制系统开发及测试的完整平台,实现了与Simulink的完全无缝连接,可以方便地进行代码的编译、下载和调试。
存以卜工作的基础上,本文设计了基于dSPACE系统的PWM整流器实时仿真实验平台。首先,本文利用Matlab软件的Simulink工具对PWM整流器模型进行了离线仿真,初步确认了设计结果。然后,利用dSPACE系统的快速原型控制方式进行了实时仿真实验。实验表明,基于dSPACE系统能够快速验证算法的可行性,缩短控制系统的开发周期,提高开发质量。
At present, in the field of power electronics applications, most of the drive systems of AC motors use diode rectifiers and phase-control thyristor rectifiers. The conventional rectifier section not only injects large amounts of harmonics into the power networks, but also cannot feedback the power into the networks. The PWM rectifiers present in this paper have excellent features such as undistorted sinusoidal waveform, unit power factor, bidirectional energy flow and rapid dynamic response. This paper mainly focused on the research of three-phase PWM voltage source rectifier from the two angles of improving the power factor and feedback of energy.
First of all, the theory of PWM rectifier was analyzed in details, which were mainly about the topology and principles, the high and low-frequency mathematical models in ABC stationary coordinate and dq rotation coordinate, and the parameters design of inductance and capacitance. The current control technology was one of the key technologies in the control of PWM rectifier. It was presented which including the indirect and direct current control in this paper. The corresponding resolving algorithm block diagrams were given and their features were pointed out at the same time. Then the space voltage vector control method and the double closed-loop control system design were discussed mainly.
The dSPACE real-time simulation system is developed by the dSPACE company in German, which is used for developing and testing the control system. This system is seamless connected to the Matlab/Simulink, so through this system the programs can be compiled, downloaded and debugged conveniently.
The PWM rectifier real-time simulation experiment platform based on the dSPACE system was designed in this paper. The PWM rectifier model was established in Matlab/Simulink, and the design results were confirmed by off-line simulation. Then, the real-time simulation wasexperimented using the rapid control prototype method based on the dSPACE. The experimental results show that on the basis of dSPACE system, the feasibility of control algorithms can be verified rapidly. Furthermore, the developing period of control system is shortened and the developing quality is improved.
本文对三相电压型PWM整流器的拓扑结构和工作原理进行了分析,建立了PWM整流器在ABC静止坐标系和dq同步旋转坐标系下的高频和低频数学模型,详细推导了系统电感和电容的参数设计过程。电流控制技术是PWM整流器控制的关键,本文介绍了系统的两种电流控制策略,即间接电流控制和直接电流控制,并给出了相应的算法实现框图,着重阐述了空间电压矢量控制方法和双闭环控制系统的设计。
dSPACE实时仿真系统是由德国dSPACE公司开发的一套基于Matlab/Simulink的控制系统开发及测试的完整平台,实现了与Simulink的完全无缝连接,可以方便地进行代码的编译、下载和调试。
存以卜工作的基础上,本文设计了基于dSPACE系统的PWM整流器实时仿真实验平台。首先,本文利用Matlab软件的Simulink工具对PWM整流器模型进行了离线仿真,初步确认了设计结果。然后,利用dSPACE系统的快速原型控制方式进行了实时仿真实验。实验表明,基于dSPACE系统能够快速验证算法的可行性,缩短控制系统的开发周期,提高开发质量。
At present, in the field of power electronics applications, most of the drive systems of AC motors use diode rectifiers and phase-control thyristor rectifiers. The conventional rectifier section not only injects large amounts of harmonics into the power networks, but also cannot feedback the power into the networks. The PWM rectifiers present in this paper have excellent features such as undistorted sinusoidal waveform, unit power factor, bidirectional energy flow and rapid dynamic response. This paper mainly focused on the research of three-phase PWM voltage source rectifier from the two angles of improving the power factor and feedback of energy.
First of all, the theory of PWM rectifier was analyzed in details, which were mainly about the topology and principles, the high and low-frequency mathematical models in ABC stationary coordinate and dq rotation coordinate, and the parameters design of inductance and capacitance. The current control technology was one of the key technologies in the control of PWM rectifier. It was presented which including the indirect and direct current control in this paper. The corresponding resolving algorithm block diagrams were given and their features were pointed out at the same time. Then the space voltage vector control method and the double closed-loop control system design were discussed mainly.
The dSPACE real-time simulation system is developed by the dSPACE company in German, which is used for developing and testing the control system. This system is seamless connected to the Matlab/Simulink, so through this system the programs can be compiled, downloaded and debugged conveniently.
The PWM rectifier real-time simulation experiment platform based on the dSPACE system was designed in this paper. The PWM rectifier model was established in Matlab/Simulink, and the design results were confirmed by off-line simulation. Then, the real-time simulation wasexperimented using the rapid control prototype method based on the dSPACE. The experimental results show that on the basis of dSPACE system, the feasibility of control algorithms can be verified rapidly. Furthermore, the developing period of control system is shortened and the developing quality is improved.
引文
[1]曲学基,曲敬铠,于明扬等.电力电力整流技术及应用,北京:电子工业出版社,2008
[2]张崇巍,张兴.PWM整流器及其控制,北京:机械工业出版社,2003
[3]Busse Alfred,Holtz Joachim.Multiloop Control of a Unity Power Factor Fast Switching AC to DC Converter.Proc.Power Electr Specialist Conf.1982:171-179
[4]Akagi Hirofumi etc.Instantaneous Reactive Power Compensators Comprising Switching Devices without Energy Storage Components.IEEE trans.Ind.Appl.1984,IA-20:625-630
[5]Green AW etc.3-phase Voltage Sourced Reversible Rectifier.IEE Proceedings 1988,6(b5):362-370
[6]Wu R,Dewan S B,Slemon G R.Analysis of an AC to DC Voltage Source Converter using PWM with Phase and Amplitude Control.IEEE Trans.Ind.Appl.1991,27:355-364
[7]Wu R,Dewan S B,Slemon G R.A PWM AC to DC Converter with Fixed Switching Frequency.IEEE Trans.Ind.Appl.1990,26:880-885
[8]Chun T Rim,Dong Y Hu,Gyu Hcho.Transformers as Equrvalent Circuits for Switches:General Proofs and D-Q Transformation-based Analyses.IEEE Trans.Ind.Appl.1990,26(4):777-785
[9]Hengchun Mao,Dushan Boroyerich,Fred C Y Lee.Novel Reduced-order Small Signal Model of a Three-phase PWM Rectifier and its Application in Control Design and System Analysis.IEEE Trans.Power Electronics,1998,13(3):511-521
[10]Shied JJ etc.Modeling and Design of a Reversible Three-phase Switching Mode Rectifier.IEE Proc.Electr Power Appl,1997,144(6):389-396
[11]张加胜,郝荣泰.一类新型PWM可逆整流器.电工技术学报,1998(10):37-41
[12]Ching-tsai Pan etc.New Space-vector Control Strategies for Three-phase Step UP/Down AC/DC Converter.IEEE Trans Ind.Electronics,2000,47(1):25-35
[13]詹长江,韩郁,赵良炳,韩英铎.基于电压空间矢量PWM脉宽调制方式的新型三电平高频整流器研究.电工技术学报,1999(2):60-64
[14]Lin B-R,Hou Y-L.High-power-factor Single-phase Capacitor Clamped Rectifier.IEE Proc.Electr Power Appl,2001,48(2):214-224
[15]Bakari Mwinyiwina.Microprocessor-implemented SPWM for Multiconverters with Phase-shifted Triangle Carriers.IEEE Trans.Ind.Appl.1998,34(3):487-494
[16]Hengchun Mao etc.Review of High-performance Three-phase Power Factor Correction Circuits.IEEE Trans.Ind.Electronics,1997,44(4):437-445
[17]Dixon J W,Ooi B T.Indirect Current Control of a Unity Power Factor Sinusoidal Current Boost Type Three-phase Rectifier.IEEE Trans Power Electron,1998,35:508-515
[18]杨德刚,刘润生,赵良炳.三相高功率因数整流器的电流控制.电工技术学报,2000(2):83-87
[19]董晓鹏,王兆安.PWM整流器的改进周期平均模型的研究.第九届全国电气自动化电控系统学术年会论文集.北京:机械工业出版社,1998.
[20]张兴,张崇巍.PWM可逆变流器空间电压矢量控制技术的研究.中国电机工程学报,2001(10):102-105
[21]张兴.采用新型PWM控制的变频调速系统.电气传动,1997(3):21-24
[22]曾江,焦连伟,倪以信,陈寿孙,张宝霖.有源滤波器定频滞环电流控制新方法.电网技术,2000(6):1-8
[23]王兆安,黄俊.电力电子技术.北京:机械工业出版社,2000.
[24]郑颖楠等.可逆变流技术回顾与发展现状.燕山大学学报,1998,23(2):108-113
[25]张宪平,林资旭,李亚西,许洪华.LCL滤波的PWM整流器新型控制策略.电工技术学报,2007,22(2):74-77
[26]焦维军,吴延华.基于DSP能量回馈控制系统的研究.煤炭技术,2007,26(2):28-30
[27]习利军等.能量回馈式PWM整流器并网的工程设计方法.电工技术学报,2005,20(11):75-79
[28]马祎炜,李杰,陈国呈,屈可庆.基于改进型幅相控制的单位功率因数电梯能量回馈器研究.电工电能新技术,2008,27(1):76-80
[29]张承慧等.基于幅相控制的变频器能量回馈控制系统.电工技术学报,2005,20(2):41-45
[30]赵振波等.高功率因数PWM整流器综述.华北电力大学学报,2002,29(4):36-40
[32]陈瑞,周梁,韦忠朝.基于双坏控制的PWM逆变器的研究.通信电源技术,2006,23(1):19-21
[33]薛法洪,陈其工,江明.基于DSP的双环SPWM逆变器研究.机电工程,2007,24(12):63-65
[34]张志刚,黄守道,任光法,陈继华.三相电压型SVPWM整流器控制策略研 究.长沙大学学报,2004,18(4):33-36
[35]梁锦泽等.三相PWM整流器建模与仿真.通信电源技术,2008,25(1):26-31
[36]杨涤.系统实时仿真开发环境与应用[M],北京,清华大学出版社,2003
[37]接峰.三相PWM整流器及其控制.硕士学位论文,浙江大学,2006
[38]权广力.三相高功率因数电压型PWM整流器的研究.硕士学位论文,山东大学,2006
[39]徐德鸿.电力电子系统建模及控制,北京:机械工业出版社,2005
[40]刘凤君.现代逆变技术及应用,北京:电子工业出版社,2006
[41]陈伯时.电力拖动自动控制系统,北京:机械工业出版社,1992
[42]陈坚.电力电子学—电力电子变换和控制技术,北京:高等教育出版社,2002
[43]吴定会,李三东,纪志成.基于dSPACE空间电压矢量PWM设计与实现.电力电子技术,2005,39(1):22-24
[44]雷叶红,张记华,张春明.基于dSPACE/MATLAB/Simulink平台的实时仿真技术研究.系统仿真技术,2005,1(3):131-135
[45]马培,吴进华,纪军,等.dSPACE实时仿真平台软件环境及应用.系统仿真学报,2004,16(4):667-670
[46]dSPACE公司资料手册
[47]三菱公司资料手册
[48]ALTERA公司资料手册
[49]ANALOG DEVICES公司资料手册
[50]HEWLETT PACKAED公司资料手册
[2]张崇巍,张兴.PWM整流器及其控制,北京:机械工业出版社,2003
[3]Busse Alfred,Holtz Joachim.Multiloop Control of a Unity Power Factor Fast Switching AC to DC Converter.Proc.Power Electr Specialist Conf.1982:171-179
[4]Akagi Hirofumi etc.Instantaneous Reactive Power Compensators Comprising Switching Devices without Energy Storage Components.IEEE trans.Ind.Appl.1984,IA-20:625-630
[5]Green AW etc.3-phase Voltage Sourced Reversible Rectifier.IEE Proceedings 1988,6(b5):362-370
[6]Wu R,Dewan S B,Slemon G R.Analysis of an AC to DC Voltage Source Converter using PWM with Phase and Amplitude Control.IEEE Trans.Ind.Appl.1991,27:355-364
[7]Wu R,Dewan S B,Slemon G R.A PWM AC to DC Converter with Fixed Switching Frequency.IEEE Trans.Ind.Appl.1990,26:880-885
[8]Chun T Rim,Dong Y Hu,Gyu Hcho.Transformers as Equrvalent Circuits for Switches:General Proofs and D-Q Transformation-based Analyses.IEEE Trans.Ind.Appl.1990,26(4):777-785
[9]Hengchun Mao,Dushan Boroyerich,Fred C Y Lee.Novel Reduced-order Small Signal Model of a Three-phase PWM Rectifier and its Application in Control Design and System Analysis.IEEE Trans.Power Electronics,1998,13(3):511-521
[10]Shied JJ etc.Modeling and Design of a Reversible Three-phase Switching Mode Rectifier.IEE Proc.Electr Power Appl,1997,144(6):389-396
[11]张加胜,郝荣泰.一类新型PWM可逆整流器.电工技术学报,1998(10):37-41
[12]Ching-tsai Pan etc.New Space-vector Control Strategies for Three-phase Step UP/Down AC/DC Converter.IEEE Trans Ind.Electronics,2000,47(1):25-35
[13]詹长江,韩郁,赵良炳,韩英铎.基于电压空间矢量PWM脉宽调制方式的新型三电平高频整流器研究.电工技术学报,1999(2):60-64
[14]Lin B-R,Hou Y-L.High-power-factor Single-phase Capacitor Clamped Rectifier.IEE Proc.Electr Power Appl,2001,48(2):214-224
[15]Bakari Mwinyiwina.Microprocessor-implemented SPWM for Multiconverters with Phase-shifted Triangle Carriers.IEEE Trans.Ind.Appl.1998,34(3):487-494
[16]Hengchun Mao etc.Review of High-performance Three-phase Power Factor Correction Circuits.IEEE Trans.Ind.Electronics,1997,44(4):437-445
[17]Dixon J W,Ooi B T.Indirect Current Control of a Unity Power Factor Sinusoidal Current Boost Type Three-phase Rectifier.IEEE Trans Power Electron,1998,35:508-515
[18]杨德刚,刘润生,赵良炳.三相高功率因数整流器的电流控制.电工技术学报,2000(2):83-87
[19]董晓鹏,王兆安.PWM整流器的改进周期平均模型的研究.第九届全国电气自动化电控系统学术年会论文集.北京:机械工业出版社,1998.
[20]张兴,张崇巍.PWM可逆变流器空间电压矢量控制技术的研究.中国电机工程学报,2001(10):102-105
[21]张兴.采用新型PWM控制的变频调速系统.电气传动,1997(3):21-24
[22]曾江,焦连伟,倪以信,陈寿孙,张宝霖.有源滤波器定频滞环电流控制新方法.电网技术,2000(6):1-8
[23]王兆安,黄俊.电力电子技术.北京:机械工业出版社,2000.
[24]郑颖楠等.可逆变流技术回顾与发展现状.燕山大学学报,1998,23(2):108-113
[25]张宪平,林资旭,李亚西,许洪华.LCL滤波的PWM整流器新型控制策略.电工技术学报,2007,22(2):74-77
[26]焦维军,吴延华.基于DSP能量回馈控制系统的研究.煤炭技术,2007,26(2):28-30
[27]习利军等.能量回馈式PWM整流器并网的工程设计方法.电工技术学报,2005,20(11):75-79
[28]马祎炜,李杰,陈国呈,屈可庆.基于改进型幅相控制的单位功率因数电梯能量回馈器研究.电工电能新技术,2008,27(1):76-80
[29]张承慧等.基于幅相控制的变频器能量回馈控制系统.电工技术学报,2005,20(2):41-45
[30]赵振波等.高功率因数PWM整流器综述.华北电力大学学报,2002,29(4):36-40
[32]陈瑞,周梁,韦忠朝.基于双坏控制的PWM逆变器的研究.通信电源技术,2006,23(1):19-21
[33]薛法洪,陈其工,江明.基于DSP的双环SPWM逆变器研究.机电工程,2007,24(12):63-65
[34]张志刚,黄守道,任光法,陈继华.三相电压型SVPWM整流器控制策略研 究.长沙大学学报,2004,18(4):33-36
[35]梁锦泽等.三相PWM整流器建模与仿真.通信电源技术,2008,25(1):26-31
[36]杨涤.系统实时仿真开发环境与应用[M],北京,清华大学出版社,2003
[37]接峰.三相PWM整流器及其控制.硕士学位论文,浙江大学,2006
[38]权广力.三相高功率因数电压型PWM整流器的研究.硕士学位论文,山东大学,2006
[39]徐德鸿.电力电子系统建模及控制,北京:机械工业出版社,2005
[40]刘凤君.现代逆变技术及应用,北京:电子工业出版社,2006
[41]陈伯时.电力拖动自动控制系统,北京:机械工业出版社,1992
[42]陈坚.电力电子学—电力电子变换和控制技术,北京:高等教育出版社,2002
[43]吴定会,李三东,纪志成.基于dSPACE空间电压矢量PWM设计与实现.电力电子技术,2005,39(1):22-24
[44]雷叶红,张记华,张春明.基于dSPACE/MATLAB/Simulink平台的实时仿真技术研究.系统仿真技术,2005,1(3):131-135
[45]马培,吴进华,纪军,等.dSPACE实时仿真平台软件环境及应用.系统仿真学报,2004,16(4):667-670
[46]dSPACE公司资料手册
[47]三菱公司资料手册
[48]ALTERA公司资料手册
[49]ANALOG DEVICES公司资料手册
[50]HEWLETT PACKAED公司资料手册