汶川地震前的遥感信息异常及其机理研究
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摘要
利用遥感手段进行地震监测预报已经成为当今世界地震研究领域的前沿方向和热点问题。采用MODIS卫星遥感数据,提取了2008年5月12日汶川地震前40d以及震后10d震中周围的大气水汽浓度、亮度温度分布数据,对这些数据的时空分布及演化特征进行了分析,并研究了其空间分布与断层构造的关系,取得了主要以下成果:
汶川地震震中位置在震前12d出现了亮度温度增温异常,而在震前11d出现了大气水汽增高异常,异常的幅度在1.3～2.0倍,亮度温度异常出现在大气水汽异常之前一天。震中的大气水汽变化趋势与亮度温度变化趋势一致,亮度温度和大气水汽的变化呈一定相关性。
大气水汽浓度增高异常、亮度温度增高异常受构造控制明显,因构造应力的加剧作用,沿断裂及构造盆地出现了大气水汽和亮度温度的增高异常。
对汶川地震前的遥感信息异常出现的机理进行分析,认为震前在印度板块与欧亚板块的碰撞和挤压作用下,西部高原深部物质向东流动扩展,导致震中附近应力增强和构造活动加剧,而产生热异常。随着热异常的产生,使得地壳“红肿”,内部的水分蒸发和溢出,从而产生地表大气水汽异常。
Earthquake monitoring and forecasting by means of remote sensing tools has become the forefront of seismic research and hot topic. Use MODIS data of satellite remote sense to extracte distribution of atmospheric water vapor and brightness temperature around the epicenter before and after the May 12, 2008 Wenchuan earthquake. To analyze the spatial-temporal distribution and the evolution and study the relationship between the spatial distribution and the fault structure. There is achieved the following results.
Brightness temperature anomaly arises on the epicenter before the 12 d of the Wenchuan earthquake. But atmospheric water vapor anomaly arises on the epicenter before the 11 d of Wenchuan earthquake, about from 1.3 to 2.0 times. Brightness temperature anomaly occurred one day before the atmospheric water vapor anomaly. The change in trend between atmospheric water vapor and brightness temperature are consistent, so they must be relative.
Atmospheric water vapor and brightness temperature anomaly are mainly controlled by the geological tectonic. Because the tectonic stress intensify, atmospheric water vapor and brightness temperature anomaly occurre along the fault and tectonic basin.
With the study on the mechanism of remote sensing information anomaly occurred before the Wenchuan earthquake, it is considered that under the result of collision and extrusion of the Indian Plate and the Eurasian plate, deep materials of the western plateau flow and expand on the eastward, then enhanced stress and tectonic increased activity occurred near the epicenter. So the hot anomaly occurred. With the emergence of the hot anomaly, they make the earth's crust "red". The internal moisture vaporize and spill from the underground. The atmospheric water vapor anomaly occurred on the land surface.
汶川地震震中位置在震前12d出现了亮度温度增温异常,而在震前11d出现了大气水汽增高异常,异常的幅度在1.3～2.0倍,亮度温度异常出现在大气水汽异常之前一天。震中的大气水汽变化趋势与亮度温度变化趋势一致,亮度温度和大气水汽的变化呈一定相关性。
大气水汽浓度增高异常、亮度温度增高异常受构造控制明显,因构造应力的加剧作用,沿断裂及构造盆地出现了大气水汽和亮度温度的增高异常。
对汶川地震前的遥感信息异常出现的机理进行分析,认为震前在印度板块与欧亚板块的碰撞和挤压作用下,西部高原深部物质向东流动扩展,导致震中附近应力增强和构造活动加剧,而产生热异常。随着热异常的产生,使得地壳“红肿”,内部的水分蒸发和溢出,从而产生地表大气水汽异常。
Earthquake monitoring and forecasting by means of remote sensing tools has become the forefront of seismic research and hot topic. Use MODIS data of satellite remote sense to extracte distribution of atmospheric water vapor and brightness temperature around the epicenter before and after the May 12, 2008 Wenchuan earthquake. To analyze the spatial-temporal distribution and the evolution and study the relationship between the spatial distribution and the fault structure. There is achieved the following results.
Brightness temperature anomaly arises on the epicenter before the 12 d of the Wenchuan earthquake. But atmospheric water vapor anomaly arises on the epicenter before the 11 d of Wenchuan earthquake, about from 1.3 to 2.0 times. Brightness temperature anomaly occurred one day before the atmospheric water vapor anomaly. The change in trend between atmospheric water vapor and brightness temperature are consistent, so they must be relative.
Atmospheric water vapor and brightness temperature anomaly are mainly controlled by the geological tectonic. Because the tectonic stress intensify, atmospheric water vapor and brightness temperature anomaly occurre along the fault and tectonic basin.
With the study on the mechanism of remote sensing information anomaly occurred before the Wenchuan earthquake, it is considered that under the result of collision and extrusion of the Indian Plate and the Eurasian plate, deep materials of the western plateau flow and expand on the eastward, then enhanced stress and tectonic increased activity occurred near the epicenter. So the hot anomaly occurred. With the emergence of the hot anomaly, they make the earth's crust "red". The internal moisture vaporize and spill from the underground. The atmospheric water vapor anomaly occurred on the land surface.
引文
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[7]崔承禹,支毅乔,张晋开.红外遥感用于地震预报的基础实验预研究[C].第八届全国遥感技术学术交流论文集. 1993:103-105.
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[9]强祖基,赁常恭,等.卫星热红外图象亮温异常——临震前兆[J].中国科学(D辑),1998,28(6):564-573.
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