UHF频段RFID读写器天线和标签天线的研究与设计
|
摘要
高性能的读写器天线和标签天线对增大RFID系统的读写距离、提升系统性能至关重要。其中,读写器天线的研究和设计重点关注阻抗、增益、轴比三个参数,标签天线的研究与设计重点关注阻抗、增益、辐射对称性两个参数。
本论文的重点研究内容包括三部分：读写器天线的设计、标签天线的设计、对称标签天线的阻抗测试。
在读写器天线设计部分,本论文采用切角形式的方形贴片天线,设计了一款小型化、圆极化的适用于手持设备中的读写器天线,测试结果与仿真结果基本吻合。根据实际调试和设计经验,作者总结了用切角方形贴片设计微带天线的基本流程。
在标签天线的设计部分,本文重点研究了感性耦合环阻抗匹配法,利用变压器原理得到了这种形式的标签天线的等效电路,推导出了天线阻抗的理论计算公式。仿真结果也验证了理论结果的正确性。在仿真与设计的基础上,文章给出了用感性耦合环法设计标签天线的一般步骤。
在标签天线的阻抗测量部分,本论文先对散射系数法进行了理论分析,然后使用该方法对一个对称标签天线进行了阻抗测试,测试结果与仿真结果显示列良好的一致性。对一个宽带的蝶形探地雷达天线的阻抗测试结果表明,散射系数法同样适用于宽带天线的阻抗测试。
Reader antenna and tag antenna with high quality contribute much to the read distance and system performance. In reader antenna design, impedance characteristics, antenna gain and axial ratio are three key parameters. In tag antenna design, impedance characteristics, antenna gain, and radiation pattern are three parameters that attract most concern.
This paper focuses on reader antenna design, tag antenna design and measurement of symmetric tag antenna.
A compact and circularly polarized reader antenna is designed using corner-truncated square patch antenna. The antenna is suitable to handheld devices, and the measurement results agree well with simulation output. As a conclusion of this part, the procedure of designing circularly polarized reader antenna using corner-truncated square patch if provided based on design experience.
In tag antenna design part, the impedance match method of using an inductively coupled loop is another research point of this paper. In this paper, the equivalent circuit and theoretical impedance formula of antenna designed using inductively coupled loop method are obtained using transformer theory. Simulation results by IE3D show agreement with formulas. This part concludes at the general procedure of designing tag antenna using inductively coupled loop method.
In tag antenna testing phase, after the theoretical analysis of scattering parameter method, the impedance characteristic of an antenna prototype is obtained, which agrees well with simulation output. The implementation of scattering parameter method on a broadband bow-tie ground penetrating radar antenna gives confidence of using this method to measure broadband symmetrical antenna impedance.
本论文的重点研究内容包括三部分：读写器天线的设计、标签天线的设计、对称标签天线的阻抗测试。
在读写器天线设计部分,本论文采用切角形式的方形贴片天线,设计了一款小型化、圆极化的适用于手持设备中的读写器天线,测试结果与仿真结果基本吻合。根据实际调试和设计经验,作者总结了用切角方形贴片设计微带天线的基本流程。
在标签天线的设计部分,本文重点研究了感性耦合环阻抗匹配法,利用变压器原理得到了这种形式的标签天线的等效电路,推导出了天线阻抗的理论计算公式。仿真结果也验证了理论结果的正确性。在仿真与设计的基础上,文章给出了用感性耦合环法设计标签天线的一般步骤。
在标签天线的阻抗测量部分,本论文先对散射系数法进行了理论分析,然后使用该方法对一个对称标签天线进行了阻抗测试,测试结果与仿真结果显示列良好的一致性。对一个宽带的蝶形探地雷达天线的阻抗测试结果表明,散射系数法同样适用于宽带天线的阻抗测试。
Reader antenna and tag antenna with high quality contribute much to the read distance and system performance. In reader antenna design, impedance characteristics, antenna gain and axial ratio are three key parameters. In tag antenna design, impedance characteristics, antenna gain, and radiation pattern are three parameters that attract most concern.
This paper focuses on reader antenna design, tag antenna design and measurement of symmetric tag antenna.
A compact and circularly polarized reader antenna is designed using corner-truncated square patch antenna. The antenna is suitable to handheld devices, and the measurement results agree well with simulation output. As a conclusion of this part, the procedure of designing circularly polarized reader antenna using corner-truncated square patch if provided based on design experience.
In tag antenna design part, the impedance match method of using an inductively coupled loop is another research point of this paper. In this paper, the equivalent circuit and theoretical impedance formula of antenna designed using inductively coupled loop method are obtained using transformer theory. Simulation results by IE3D show agreement with formulas. This part concludes at the general procedure of designing tag antenna using inductively coupled loop method.
In tag antenna testing phase, after the theoretical analysis of scattering parameter method, the impedance characteristic of an antenna prototype is obtained, which agrees well with simulation output. The implementation of scattering parameter method on a broadband bow-tie ground penetrating radar antenna gives confidence of using this method to measure broadband symmetrical antenna impedance.
引文
[1]宁焕生,RFID重大工程与国家互联网,机械工业出版社,2010：18-25
[2]Barthel Henri, http://www.gsl.org/docs/epcglobal/UHF_Regulations.pdf
[3]Wang Zhongbao, Fang Shaojun, Fu Shiqiang, Single-Fed Broadband Circularly Polarized Stacked Patch Antenna With Horizontally Meandered Strip for University UHF RFID Applications, IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, Vol.59, No.4, April 2011:1066-1073
[4]Noro Takanori, Kazama Yasuhiro, Takahashi Masaharu, A Study on the Mechanism of Wideband Characteristics for Single-fed Stacked Circularly Polarization Patch Antenna, in IEEE,2007:733-736
[5]Mobashsher Ahmed Toaha, Isam Mohammad Tariqul, Misran Norbahiah, A Novel High-gain Dual-band Antenna for RFID Reader Applications, IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, Vol.9,2010:653-656
[6]Chen Xi, Fu Guang, Gong Shuxi, Circularly Polarized Stacked Annular-ring Microstrip Antenna with Integrated Feeding Network for UHF RFID Readers, IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, Vol.9,2010:542-545
[7]Joseph Ronald, Fukusako Takeshi, Broadband Circularly Polarized Antenna with Circular Slot and Separated L-probes, in IEEE,2010:111-115
[8]Chen Zhining, Qing Xianming, Chung Hang Leong, IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, Vol.57, May 2009:1275-1282
[9]Yang Shing-lung Steven, Chair Ricky, Kishk Ahmed A, Study on Sequential Feeding Networks for Subarrays of Circularly Polarized Elliptical Dielectric Resonator Antenna, IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol.55, No.2, February 2007:321-333
[10]Hall P.S, Dahele J.S, James J.R, Design principles of Sequentially Fed, Wide Bandwidth, Circularly Polarized Microstrip Antennas, IEEE Proceedings,Vol.136, No.5, October 1989:381-389
[11]李磊,张听,李迎松,“超高频RFID读写器天线的设计与仿真”,应用科技,37卷,4期,2010：61.64
[12]张听,李磊,“超高频正交馈电RFID读写器天线设计与仿真”,见计算 智能与工业应用,2010: 59-65
[13]杜挺,廖剑锟,“缝隙加载双频RFID读写器天线设计”,第二卷,第六期,2007年12月：631-634
[14]Rao K.V.Seshagiri, Nikitin Pavel V, Antenna Design for UHF RFID Tags:A Rewiew and a practical Application, IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol.53, No.12, December 2005:3870-3876
[15]Nikitin Pavel V, Rao K.V.Seshagiri, Lam Sander, Power Reflection Coefficient Analysis for Complex Impedances in RFID Tag Design, Vol.53, No.9, September 2005:2721-2725
[16]Gaetano Marrocco, The Art of UHF RFID Antenna Design: Impedance-Matching and Size-Reduction Techniques, IEEE Antennas and Propagation Magazine, Vol.50, No.1, February 2008:66-79
[17]Ukkonen Leena, Schaffrath Marijke, Kataja Jukka, Evolutionary RFID Tag Antenna Design for Paper Industry Applications, Int.J RFID Technology and Applications, Vol.1, No.1,2006:107-122
[18]Son H.-W, Pyo C.-S, Design of RFID Tag Antennas Using an Inductively Coupled Feed, Electronics Letters, Vol.41, No.18, September 2005
[19]Lim Sang-Ho, Oh Young-Chcol, Lim Ho, Analysis and design of a UHF RFID Tag Antenna with a Split Ring Resonator, In Proceedings of IWAT, Japan,2008:308-311
[20]Zheng Yang, Inductively Coupled RFID Tag Antenna Design and Measurement, In ICMMT Proceedings,2010:1546-1548
[21]Ahn Juno, Jang Hyungmin, Moon Hyosang, Inductively Coupled Compact RFID Tag Antenna at 910 MHz with Near-Isotropic Radar Cross-Section(RCS) Patterns, IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, Vol.6,2007:518-520
[22]G. Marrocco, Body-Matched Antennas for Wireless Biometry, European Conference on Antennas and Propagation, November 2006:795-796
[23]G.Marrocco, RFID Antennas for the UHF Remote Monitoring of Human Subjects, IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, June 2007:1862-1870
[24]段艳敏,UHF频段RFID天线的小型化设计与分析,[学位论文],成都,西南交通大学,2010
[25]郑洋,RFID系统标签天线设计与测量,[学位论文],北京,北京邮电大学,2010
[26]李德彪,抗金属RFID标签天线的研究与设计,[学位论文],天津,天津工业大学,2012
[27]李秀萍,高建军,微波射频测量技术基础,机械工业出版社,2007：185-193
[28]焦其祥,李书芳,顾畹仪,电磁场与电磁波,科学出版社,2006：34-41
[29]I.J.Bahl, P.Bhartia, Microstrip Antennas, Artech House,1980:18-22
[30]J.R James, P.S Hall, Handbook of Microstrip Antennas, Peter Peregrinus Ltd, 1989:112-115
[31]钟顺时,微带天线理论与应用,西安电子科技大学出版社,1991：18-38
[32]http://www.mathworks.cn/products/matlab/
[33]李明洋,HFSS电磁仿真设计应用详解,人民邮电出版社,2010：112.134
[34]黄智裕,夏伟钧,天线设计：IE3D应用手册,台北：五南图书出版股份有限公司,2009：23-40
[35]Agilent Technologies, http://www.home.agilent.com/zh-CN/pd-810708-pn-E5071 C/ena-series-net work-analyzer?nid=-536902639.350794&cc=CN&lc=chi
[36]Rohde & Schwarz, http://www.rohde-schwarz.com.cn/product.php?id=168
[37]Li Ji, Li Shufang, Zuo Zhongliang, Research on the Directivity Test of RFID Tag in GTEM Cell, In ICMMT Proceedings,2010:1563-1566
[38]Constantine A.Balanis, Antenna Theory, Analysis and Design,3rd Edition, John Wiley & Sons Inc,2005:523-540
[39]Lee Youbok, Antenna Circuit Design for RFID Applications, Microchip Technology Inc
[40]Toccafondi A, Braconi P, Compact Load-bars Meander Line Antenna for UHF RFID Transponder, European Conference on Antennas and Propagation,2006:804
[41]Tikhov Y, Kim Y, Min Y-H, Compact Low Cost Antenna for Passive RFID Transponder, IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation Digest,2006:1015-1018
[42]Choi W, Son H.W, Shin C, Bae J-H, RFID Tag Antenna with a Meandered Dipole and Inductively Coupled Feed, IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation,2006:619-622
[43]Cho C, Choo H, Park I, Design of Novel RFID Tag Antennas for Metallic Objects, IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation Digest, 2006:3245-3248
[44]http://www.daoyuanmicro.com/products.php?lmid=1&lbid=1
[45]李莉,天线与电波传播,科学出版社,2011：67-69
[46]Meier A.S, Summers W.P, Measured Impedance of Vertical Antennas over Finite Ground Planes, In Proceedings of the IRE, Vol.37, No.6, 1949:609-616
[47]Meys R, Janssens F, Measuring the Impedance of Balanced Antennas by An S-parameter Method, IEEE Antennas and Propagation Magazine, Vol.40, No.6,1998:62-65
[48]Palmer K.D, Van Rooyen M.W, IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement, Vol.55, No.1,2006:266-272
[49]Qing Xianming, Goh Chean Khan, Chen Zhining, Impedance Characterization of RFID Tag Antennas and Application in Tag Co-Design, IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, Vol.57, No.5, May 2009:1268-1274
[50]吴建斌,田茂,李太全,一种改进的探地雷达蝶形天线,仪器仪表学报,第30卷,第5期,2009:1059-1062
[2]Barthel Henri, http://www.gsl.org/docs/epcglobal/UHF_Regulations.pdf
[3]Wang Zhongbao, Fang Shaojun, Fu Shiqiang, Single-Fed Broadband Circularly Polarized Stacked Patch Antenna With Horizontally Meandered Strip for University UHF RFID Applications, IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, Vol.59, No.4, April 2011:1066-1073
[4]Noro Takanori, Kazama Yasuhiro, Takahashi Masaharu, A Study on the Mechanism of Wideband Characteristics for Single-fed Stacked Circularly Polarization Patch Antenna, in IEEE,2007:733-736
[5]Mobashsher Ahmed Toaha, Isam Mohammad Tariqul, Misran Norbahiah, A Novel High-gain Dual-band Antenna for RFID Reader Applications, IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, Vol.9,2010:653-656
[6]Chen Xi, Fu Guang, Gong Shuxi, Circularly Polarized Stacked Annular-ring Microstrip Antenna with Integrated Feeding Network for UHF RFID Readers, IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, Vol.9,2010:542-545
[7]Joseph Ronald, Fukusako Takeshi, Broadband Circularly Polarized Antenna with Circular Slot and Separated L-probes, in IEEE,2010:111-115
[8]Chen Zhining, Qing Xianming, Chung Hang Leong, IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, Vol.57, May 2009:1275-1282
[9]Yang Shing-lung Steven, Chair Ricky, Kishk Ahmed A, Study on Sequential Feeding Networks for Subarrays of Circularly Polarized Elliptical Dielectric Resonator Antenna, IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol.55, No.2, February 2007:321-333
[10]Hall P.S, Dahele J.S, James J.R, Design principles of Sequentially Fed, Wide Bandwidth, Circularly Polarized Microstrip Antennas, IEEE Proceedings,Vol.136, No.5, October 1989:381-389
[11]李磊,张听,李迎松,“超高频RFID读写器天线的设计与仿真”,应用科技,37卷,4期,2010：61.64
[12]张听,李磊,“超高频正交馈电RFID读写器天线设计与仿真”,见计算 智能与工业应用,2010: 59-65
[13]杜挺,廖剑锟,“缝隙加载双频RFID读写器天线设计”,第二卷,第六期,2007年12月：631-634
[14]Rao K.V.Seshagiri, Nikitin Pavel V, Antenna Design for UHF RFID Tags:A Rewiew and a practical Application, IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol.53, No.12, December 2005:3870-3876
[15]Nikitin Pavel V, Rao K.V.Seshagiri, Lam Sander, Power Reflection Coefficient Analysis for Complex Impedances in RFID Tag Design, Vol.53, No.9, September 2005:2721-2725
[16]Gaetano Marrocco, The Art of UHF RFID Antenna Design: Impedance-Matching and Size-Reduction Techniques, IEEE Antennas and Propagation Magazine, Vol.50, No.1, February 2008:66-79
[17]Ukkonen Leena, Schaffrath Marijke, Kataja Jukka, Evolutionary RFID Tag Antenna Design for Paper Industry Applications, Int.J RFID Technology and Applications, Vol.1, No.1,2006:107-122
[18]Son H.-W, Pyo C.-S, Design of RFID Tag Antennas Using an Inductively Coupled Feed, Electronics Letters, Vol.41, No.18, September 2005
[19]Lim Sang-Ho, Oh Young-Chcol, Lim Ho, Analysis and design of a UHF RFID Tag Antenna with a Split Ring Resonator, In Proceedings of IWAT, Japan,2008:308-311
[20]Zheng Yang, Inductively Coupled RFID Tag Antenna Design and Measurement, In ICMMT Proceedings,2010:1546-1548
[21]Ahn Juno, Jang Hyungmin, Moon Hyosang, Inductively Coupled Compact RFID Tag Antenna at 910 MHz with Near-Isotropic Radar Cross-Section(RCS) Patterns, IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, Vol.6,2007:518-520
[22]G. Marrocco, Body-Matched Antennas for Wireless Biometry, European Conference on Antennas and Propagation, November 2006:795-796
[23]G.Marrocco, RFID Antennas for the UHF Remote Monitoring of Human Subjects, IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, June 2007:1862-1870
[24]段艳敏,UHF频段RFID天线的小型化设计与分析,[学位论文],成都,西南交通大学,2010
[25]郑洋,RFID系统标签天线设计与测量,[学位论文],北京,北京邮电大学,2010
[26]李德彪,抗金属RFID标签天线的研究与设计,[学位论文],天津,天津工业大学,2012
[27]李秀萍,高建军,微波射频测量技术基础,机械工业出版社,2007：185-193
[28]焦其祥,李书芳,顾畹仪,电磁场与电磁波,科学出版社,2006：34-41
[29]I.J.Bahl, P.Bhartia, Microstrip Antennas, Artech House,1980:18-22
[30]J.R James, P.S Hall, Handbook of Microstrip Antennas, Peter Peregrinus Ltd, 1989:112-115
[31]钟顺时,微带天线理论与应用,西安电子科技大学出版社,1991：18-38
[32]http://www.mathworks.cn/products/matlab/
[33]李明洋,HFSS电磁仿真设计应用详解,人民邮电出版社,2010：112.134
[34]黄智裕,夏伟钧,天线设计：IE3D应用手册,台北：五南图书出版股份有限公司,2009：23-40
[35]Agilent Technologies, http://www.home.agilent.com/zh-CN/pd-810708-pn-E5071 C/ena-series-net work-analyzer?nid=-536902639.350794&cc=CN&lc=chi
[36]Rohde & Schwarz, http://www.rohde-schwarz.com.cn/product.php?id=168
[37]Li Ji, Li Shufang, Zuo Zhongliang, Research on the Directivity Test of RFID Tag in GTEM Cell, In ICMMT Proceedings,2010:1563-1566
[38]Constantine A.Balanis, Antenna Theory, Analysis and Design,3rd Edition, John Wiley & Sons Inc,2005:523-540
[39]Lee Youbok, Antenna Circuit Design for RFID Applications, Microchip Technology Inc
[40]Toccafondi A, Braconi P, Compact Load-bars Meander Line Antenna for UHF RFID Transponder, European Conference on Antennas and Propagation,2006:804
[41]Tikhov Y, Kim Y, Min Y-H, Compact Low Cost Antenna for Passive RFID Transponder, IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation Digest,2006:1015-1018
[42]Choi W, Son H.W, Shin C, Bae J-H, RFID Tag Antenna with a Meandered Dipole and Inductively Coupled Feed, IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation,2006:619-622
[43]Cho C, Choo H, Park I, Design of Novel RFID Tag Antennas for Metallic Objects, IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation Digest, 2006:3245-3248
[44]http://www.daoyuanmicro.com/products.php?lmid=1&lbid=1
[45]李莉,天线与电波传播,科学出版社,2011：67-69
[46]Meier A.S, Summers W.P, Measured Impedance of Vertical Antennas over Finite Ground Planes, In Proceedings of the IRE, Vol.37, No.6, 1949:609-616
[47]Meys R, Janssens F, Measuring the Impedance of Balanced Antennas by An S-parameter Method, IEEE Antennas and Propagation Magazine, Vol.40, No.6,1998:62-65
[48]Palmer K.D, Van Rooyen M.W, IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement, Vol.55, No.1,2006:266-272
[49]Qing Xianming, Goh Chean Khan, Chen Zhining, Impedance Characterization of RFID Tag Antennas and Application in Tag Co-Design, IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, Vol.57, No.5, May 2009:1268-1274
[50]吴建斌,田茂,李太全,一种改进的探地雷达蝶形天线,仪器仪表学报,第30卷,第5期,2009:1059-1062