小麦多属杂交后代种质系的鉴定和评价
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摘要
小麦的野生近缘种中蕴藏着丰富的优良基因,是小麦遗传改良中宝贵的基因资源。通过多属杂交,不仅可以在同一遗传背景中评价不同属染色体(组)间的亲缘关系,而且还可以创造综合多属优良特性的新种质,丰富小麦育种资源。本研究以从多属杂交后代中筛选出的七个种质系山农030-1、山农05078、山农05081、山农05083、山农05086、山农05094和山农05099为材料,对其农艺性状、抗病性、细胞学特点和高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基(HMW-GS)组成进行了鉴定。在此基础上,综合利用细胞学、染色体原位杂交和SSR等技术对山农05078和山农030-1的遗传组成进行了鉴定。本研究获得以下主要结果:
(1)多属杂交后代种质系山农05081、山农05083、山农05086、山农05094和山农05099农艺性状稳定,均高抗白粉病,对条锈病免疫。细胞学分析结果表明,山农05081、山农05083、山农05086和山农05099染色体数目均为2n=42,细胞学稳定,推测其为代换系或易位系。山农05094染色体数目为2n=56,部分细胞含有较多单价体,说明其细胞学上不太稳定。
(2)利用SDS-PAGE方法分析了多属杂交后代种质系的高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基(HMW-GS)组成,并利用Perten-DA7200近红外品质分析仪测定了种质系的部分品质性状指标。结果发现山农05083含有优质亚基14+15和5+10,且籽粒硬度较大;山农05086的白度比较高;山农05094的硬度、湿面筋含量较高;山农05099的蛋白质含量比较高。
(3)山农05078来自硬簇麦和Am3的杂交后代,对锈病免疫、高抗白粉病。细胞学鉴定表明其染色体数目为2n=28,花粉母细胞中期Ⅰ构型为2n=28=14Ⅱ。其蛋白质含量较高,含有高分子量麦谷蛋白优质亚基7+8、5+10。SSR和染色体原位杂交结果证明其染色体组成为AABB,且含有粗山羊草D基组和簇毛麦V基组的遗传物质。
(4)山农030-1为小麦-黑麦1BL/1RS易位系,来自劲松49和小滨麦的杂交后代,对白粉病免疫,高抗锈病,且植株较矮,综合性状较好。遗传分析结果表明其白粉病抗性由显性单基因控制的,且不同于已有的1BL/1RS易位系,可能含有新的白粉病抗性基因。利用1RS上的特异引物对山农030-1/chancellor的F2分离群体进行了PCR分析,发现引物NOR-R1能在抗病单株和感病单株之间扩增出430kb左右的差异带。推测山农030-1的白粉病抗性基因与1RS染色体有关,其抗性来自黑麦。
Wild relatives of wheat in a large collection of excellent genes are valuable genetic resources for the genetic improvement of wheat. And polygeneric hybrids can not only evaluate the relationship between different genera(group) in the same genetic background,but also create new germplasms with much fine characteristics from different genus. In this study, seven germplasm lines Shannong 030-1, Shannong 05078, Shannong 05081, Shannong 05083, Shannong 05086, Shannong 05094 and Shannong 05099 derive from polygeneric hybrids,whose agronomic traits ,resistance, cytologic- al characteristics and the composition of HMW-GS are studied in this paper.And cytological analysis, SSR and GISH are used to identify and analyze genetic component of Shannong 05078 and Shannong030-1. Main results were as follows:
(1)Germplasm lines Shannong 05081, Shannong 05083, Shannong 05086, Shannong 05099 and Shannong 05094 are immune to stripe rust and highly resist to powdery mildew.The results of cytological analysis show that the chromosome number of Shannong 05081, Shannong 05083, Shannong 05086 and Shannong05099 is 2n=42 and the cytology is stable, which indicates that they are substitutions or translocations. The chromosome number of Shannong 05094 is 2n=56,some cells contain some multivalents, which shows that it is not stable on its cytology.
(2)Shannong 05083 is of greater grain hardness, the composition of HMW-GS is 14+15 and 5+10. Flour white is relatively high in Shannong 050- 86. Grain hardness and wet gluten content is higher in Shannong 05094. Protein content is relatively high Shannong 05099.
(3)Germplasm line Shannong 05078 is selected from the hybrids of Ttiticum durum Dasypyrum villosum amplidiploid and Am3. Shannnong05078 is immune to rust and highly resist to powdery mildew, the number of chromosomes is 28, configuration of pollen mother cells at MI is 2n=28=14Ⅱ, it contains higher protein and high molecular weight glutenin quality subunit 7+8,5+10. The SSR and GISH analysis prove that its chromosome composition is AABB, and contain part genetic material from Aegilops tauschii and Haynaldia villosa. Shannong 05078 can be used as resistant and quality sources in the process of genetic improvement of wheat.
(4)Shannong 030-1 comes form the hybrids of Jinsong49 and Tritileymus, and it is immune to powdery mildew and highly resistant to rust, which appears well agronomic characteristic. Results have proved that Shannnong 05078 is a 1BL/1RS translocation,whose resistance gene controlled by the single dominant gene and this translocation is different from the others 1BL/1RS translocation lines, perhaps the resistance gene is a new one.The SSR technique is further applied to verify the separation groups of Shannong 030-1/chancellor F2, with specific primers on 1RS testified. The results indicates that primer pairs NOR-R1 on Nucleolar Organizer Region of 1R can show the diversity between resistant plants and susceptible plants, the size of specific segment is about 430bp, which is assigned as NOR-R1430. It could be inferred that its resistance to powdery mildew is relevant with 1RS.
(1)多属杂交后代种质系山农05081、山农05083、山农05086、山农05094和山农05099农艺性状稳定,均高抗白粉病,对条锈病免疫。细胞学分析结果表明,山农05081、山农05083、山农05086和山农05099染色体数目均为2n=42,细胞学稳定,推测其为代换系或易位系。山农05094染色体数目为2n=56,部分细胞含有较多单价体,说明其细胞学上不太稳定。
(2)利用SDS-PAGE方法分析了多属杂交后代种质系的高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基(HMW-GS)组成,并利用Perten-DA7200近红外品质分析仪测定了种质系的部分品质性状指标。结果发现山农05083含有优质亚基14+15和5+10,且籽粒硬度较大;山农05086的白度比较高;山农05094的硬度、湿面筋含量较高;山农05099的蛋白质含量比较高。
(3)山农05078来自硬簇麦和Am3的杂交后代,对锈病免疫、高抗白粉病。细胞学鉴定表明其染色体数目为2n=28,花粉母细胞中期Ⅰ构型为2n=28=14Ⅱ。其蛋白质含量较高,含有高分子量麦谷蛋白优质亚基7+8、5+10。SSR和染色体原位杂交结果证明其染色体组成为AABB,且含有粗山羊草D基组和簇毛麦V基组的遗传物质。
(4)山农030-1为小麦-黑麦1BL/1RS易位系,来自劲松49和小滨麦的杂交后代,对白粉病免疫,高抗锈病,且植株较矮,综合性状较好。遗传分析结果表明其白粉病抗性由显性单基因控制的,且不同于已有的1BL/1RS易位系,可能含有新的白粉病抗性基因。利用1RS上的特异引物对山农030-1/chancellor的F2分离群体进行了PCR分析,发现引物NOR-R1能在抗病单株和感病单株之间扩增出430kb左右的差异带。推测山农030-1的白粉病抗性基因与1RS染色体有关,其抗性来自黑麦。
Wild relatives of wheat in a large collection of excellent genes are valuable genetic resources for the genetic improvement of wheat. And polygeneric hybrids can not only evaluate the relationship between different genera(group) in the same genetic background,but also create new germplasms with much fine characteristics from different genus. In this study, seven germplasm lines Shannong 030-1, Shannong 05078, Shannong 05081, Shannong 05083, Shannong 05086, Shannong 05094 and Shannong 05099 derive from polygeneric hybrids,whose agronomic traits ,resistance, cytologic- al characteristics and the composition of HMW-GS are studied in this paper.And cytological analysis, SSR and GISH are used to identify and analyze genetic component of Shannong 05078 and Shannong030-1. Main results were as follows:
(1)Germplasm lines Shannong 05081, Shannong 05083, Shannong 05086, Shannong 05099 and Shannong 05094 are immune to stripe rust and highly resist to powdery mildew.The results of cytological analysis show that the chromosome number of Shannong 05081, Shannong 05083, Shannong 05086 and Shannong05099 is 2n=42 and the cytology is stable, which indicates that they are substitutions or translocations. The chromosome number of Shannong 05094 is 2n=56,some cells contain some multivalents, which shows that it is not stable on its cytology.
(2)Shannong 05083 is of greater grain hardness, the composition of HMW-GS is 14+15 and 5+10. Flour white is relatively high in Shannong 050- 86. Grain hardness and wet gluten content is higher in Shannong 05094. Protein content is relatively high Shannong 05099.
(3)Germplasm line Shannong 05078 is selected from the hybrids of Ttiticum durum Dasypyrum villosum amplidiploid and Am3. Shannnong05078 is immune to rust and highly resist to powdery mildew, the number of chromosomes is 28, configuration of pollen mother cells at MI is 2n=28=14Ⅱ, it contains higher protein and high molecular weight glutenin quality subunit 7+8,5+10. The SSR and GISH analysis prove that its chromosome composition is AABB, and contain part genetic material from Aegilops tauschii and Haynaldia villosa. Shannong 05078 can be used as resistant and quality sources in the process of genetic improvement of wheat.
(4)Shannong 030-1 comes form the hybrids of Jinsong49 and Tritileymus, and it is immune to powdery mildew and highly resistant to rust, which appears well agronomic characteristic. Results have proved that Shannnong 05078 is a 1BL/1RS translocation,whose resistance gene controlled by the single dominant gene and this translocation is different from the others 1BL/1RS translocation lines, perhaps the resistance gene is a new one.The SSR technique is further applied to verify the separation groups of Shannong 030-1/chancellor F2, with specific primers on 1RS testified. The results indicates that primer pairs NOR-R1 on Nucleolar Organizer Region of 1R can show the diversity between resistant plants and susceptible plants, the size of specific segment is about 430bp, which is assigned as NOR-R1430. It could be inferred that its resistance to powdery mildew is relevant with 1RS.
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