β-环糊精包合物的合成与分析应用
摘要
β-环糊精(β-CD)作为一类典型的主体分子,在超分子化学领域有着极为广泛的应用。它具有特殊的性质：外部亲水,内部却疏水；空腔尺寸为7.8 A。这两个重要因素决定了β-环糊精必须要有选择性的包合各种客体物质。常见的客体物质包括有机分子,无机离子和金属配位化合物等。形成β-环糊精包合物后,客体物质的某些物理化学性能,如溶解度、稳定性以及光学性质等将在一定程度上得到重大改善。
天然的β-环糊精在水中的溶解度较低,为了克服其本身存在的缺点,研究人员越来越重视对天然β-环糊精的改性。经化学修饰后可以得到各种各样的β-环糊精衍生物,即改性β-环糊精。改性过的β-环糊精不仅能够增大其在水中的溶解度,而且能够改善其分子选择性。与客体分子包合后,更能改善客体分子的物理化学性能。
综上所述,β-环糊精和改性β-环糊精及其主客体包合物在超分子化学领域有着不可忽视的地位。其应用范围广阔,主要涉及分析化学、医药化学、农业与食品化学、生物化学和材料化学等等。
本论文主要进行了两方面创新性的研究工作：
1、首次合成并表征了两种β-CD包合物和一种改性β-CD包合物。形成包合物后,客体的荧光光谱性质得到了改善,热稳定性得到了增强。
2、利用荧光光谱对超分子包合体系进行了研究,基于客体分子的荧光强度大大增加,建立了在实际样品中测定客体分子含量的荧光光谱测量法。
本论文共分四章：
第一章：绪论。综述介绍了β-CD的结构特点,物理化学性质,改性β-CD的制备和分类,β-CD包合物的制备方法和表征手段以及β-CD的应用。
第二章：β-环糊精与锌(Π)芳香配合物形成包合物的研究及其分析应用。首先合成并表征了新的β-CD包合物(Zn(2H1NA)2·2β-CD),然后用荧光光谱测量法对废水中2-羟基-1-萘甲酸的含量进行了测定。
第三章：β-环糊精与苏木精主客体包合体系的研究。首先合成并表征了新的固体β-CD包合物(β-CD2-Hemt),然后在溶液中用荧光光谱、紫外吸收光谱和圆二色谱进行了研究。
第四章：改性β-环糊精与扑热息痛主客体包合体系的研究以及分析应用。首先合成并表征了新型的改性β-环糊精(MAH-β-CD)以及MAH-β-CD的固体包合物(MAH-β-CD-APAP),然后用荧光光谱测量法对市售药片和人血清中扑热息痛的含量进行了测定。
β-Cyclodextrin (β-CD), as one typical guest molecules, has a very wide application in the field of supramolecular chemistry. There are some special properties ofβ-cyclodextrin:a hydrophilic exterior, but hydrophobic interior. The cavity size ofβ-CD is 7.8 A. These two important factors determine that various guest molecules must be selective encapsulated into the cavity ofβ-cyclodextrin. The common guest molecules, included organic molecules, inorganic ions and metal coordination compounds. After the formation of P-cyclodextrin inclusion complex, some physical and chemical properties of guest molecules, such as solubility, stability and optical properties, will be significant improved at some extent.
Naturalβ-cyclodextrin has lower solubility in water. In order to overcome its own shortcomings, It is paid more and more attention that naturalβ-CD has been increasingly modified by many researchers. Thus, a variety ofβ-cyclodextrin derivatives, namely, the modifiedβ-cyclodextrins are obtained gradually.. Modified P-cyclodextrin could not only increase its solubility in water, but also improve the selectivity. The guest molecules are included with these modifiedβ-cyclodextrin, which can further improve their physical and chemical properties.
In summary,β-cyclodextrin and modified P-cyclodextrin as well as their host-guest inclusion complex held some unneglectable position in the field of supramolecular chemistry, whose applications mainly refer to analytical chemistry, medicinal chemistry, agriculture and food chemistry, biochemistry, materials chemistry and so on.
Two aspects of innovative ideas were performed in this paper:
1.Two newβ-CD inclusion complex and a modifiedβ-CD inclusion complex were the first time synthesized and charactered by our group. After the formation of inclusion complexes, the nature of the guests' fluorescence spectrum has been improved and their thermal stability has been enhanced.
2.Studies on the supramolecular system were carried out, on the base of the great enhancement of the fluorescence intensity of guest molecules, spectrofluorimetric methods were established to determine them in real samples.
This dissertation consists of four chapters:
Chapter 1:Introduction. This part generally describes the structural characteristics as well as physical and chemical properties ofβ-CD, preparation and classification of modified cyclodextrin, preparation methods and characterization tools of inclusion complex and the application of P-CD.
Chapter 2:Study onβ-cyclodextrin inclusion of Zn(II) aromatic complex and its analytical application. A newβ-CD inclusion complex was firstly synthesized and charactered, and then the spectrofluorimetric method was used to determine 2-hydroxy-l-naphthyl acid in waste water.
Chapter 3:Studies on the host-guest inclusion system of P-cyclodextrin with hematoxylin. A new solidβ-CD inclusion complex was firstly synthesized and charactered, and then the supramolecular system of P-CD with hematoxylin was studied by fluorescence spectra, UV-VIS absorption spectra and circular dichroism spectra.
Chapter 4:Studies on a novel host-guest inclusion system and its analytical application. A novel modifiedβ-CD inclusion complex was firstly synthesized and charactered, and then the spectrofluorimetric method was used to determine 4-acetamino phenol in tablets and human serum.
天然的β-环糊精在水中的溶解度较低,为了克服其本身存在的缺点,研究人员越来越重视对天然β-环糊精的改性。经化学修饰后可以得到各种各样的β-环糊精衍生物,即改性β-环糊精。改性过的β-环糊精不仅能够增大其在水中的溶解度,而且能够改善其分子选择性。与客体分子包合后,更能改善客体分子的物理化学性能。
综上所述,β-环糊精和改性β-环糊精及其主客体包合物在超分子化学领域有着不可忽视的地位。其应用范围广阔,主要涉及分析化学、医药化学、农业与食品化学、生物化学和材料化学等等。
本论文主要进行了两方面创新性的研究工作：
1、首次合成并表征了两种β-CD包合物和一种改性β-CD包合物。形成包合物后,客体的荧光光谱性质得到了改善,热稳定性得到了增强。
2、利用荧光光谱对超分子包合体系进行了研究,基于客体分子的荧光强度大大增加,建立了在实际样品中测定客体分子含量的荧光光谱测量法。
本论文共分四章：
第一章：绪论。综述介绍了β-CD的结构特点,物理化学性质,改性β-CD的制备和分类,β-CD包合物的制备方法和表征手段以及β-CD的应用。
第二章：β-环糊精与锌(Π)芳香配合物形成包合物的研究及其分析应用。首先合成并表征了新的β-CD包合物(Zn(2H1NA)2·2β-CD),然后用荧光光谱测量法对废水中2-羟基-1-萘甲酸的含量进行了测定。
第三章：β-环糊精与苏木精主客体包合体系的研究。首先合成并表征了新的固体β-CD包合物(β-CD2-Hemt),然后在溶液中用荧光光谱、紫外吸收光谱和圆二色谱进行了研究。
第四章：改性β-环糊精与扑热息痛主客体包合体系的研究以及分析应用。首先合成并表征了新型的改性β-环糊精(MAH-β-CD)以及MAH-β-CD的固体包合物(MAH-β-CD-APAP),然后用荧光光谱测量法对市售药片和人血清中扑热息痛的含量进行了测定。
β-Cyclodextrin (β-CD), as one typical guest molecules, has a very wide application in the field of supramolecular chemistry. There are some special properties ofβ-cyclodextrin:a hydrophilic exterior, but hydrophobic interior. The cavity size ofβ-CD is 7.8 A. These two important factors determine that various guest molecules must be selective encapsulated into the cavity ofβ-cyclodextrin. The common guest molecules, included organic molecules, inorganic ions and metal coordination compounds. After the formation of P-cyclodextrin inclusion complex, some physical and chemical properties of guest molecules, such as solubility, stability and optical properties, will be significant improved at some extent.
Naturalβ-cyclodextrin has lower solubility in water. In order to overcome its own shortcomings, It is paid more and more attention that naturalβ-CD has been increasingly modified by many researchers. Thus, a variety ofβ-cyclodextrin derivatives, namely, the modifiedβ-cyclodextrins are obtained gradually.. Modified P-cyclodextrin could not only increase its solubility in water, but also improve the selectivity. The guest molecules are included with these modifiedβ-cyclodextrin, which can further improve their physical and chemical properties.
In summary,β-cyclodextrin and modified P-cyclodextrin as well as their host-guest inclusion complex held some unneglectable position in the field of supramolecular chemistry, whose applications mainly refer to analytical chemistry, medicinal chemistry, agriculture and food chemistry, biochemistry, materials chemistry and so on.
Two aspects of innovative ideas were performed in this paper:
1.Two newβ-CD inclusion complex and a modifiedβ-CD inclusion complex were the first time synthesized and charactered by our group. After the formation of inclusion complexes, the nature of the guests' fluorescence spectrum has been improved and their thermal stability has been enhanced.
2.Studies on the supramolecular system were carried out, on the base of the great enhancement of the fluorescence intensity of guest molecules, spectrofluorimetric methods were established to determine them in real samples.
This dissertation consists of four chapters:
Chapter 1:Introduction. This part generally describes the structural characteristics as well as physical and chemical properties ofβ-CD, preparation and classification of modified cyclodextrin, preparation methods and characterization tools of inclusion complex and the application of P-CD.
Chapter 2:Study onβ-cyclodextrin inclusion of Zn(II) aromatic complex and its analytical application. A newβ-CD inclusion complex was firstly synthesized and charactered, and then the spectrofluorimetric method was used to determine 2-hydroxy-l-naphthyl acid in waste water.
Chapter 3:Studies on the host-guest inclusion system of P-cyclodextrin with hematoxylin. A new solidβ-CD inclusion complex was firstly synthesized and charactered, and then the supramolecular system of P-CD with hematoxylin was studied by fluorescence spectra, UV-VIS absorption spectra and circular dichroism spectra.
Chapter 4:Studies on a novel host-guest inclusion system and its analytical application. A novel modifiedβ-CD inclusion complex was firstly synthesized and charactered, and then the spectrofluorimetric method was used to determine 4-acetamino phenol in tablets and human serum.
引文
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