基于ARM-uClinux便携式心电监护系统通信研究
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摘要
随着社会的发展和人们生活水平的提高,心血管疾病的发病率不断攀升,提高预防和监测该疾病的手段势在必行。尤其是在农村和中西部边远城市,由于医疗卫生基础薄弱、专业医护人员的缺乏,研发相应的低成本、高性能的便携式远程心电监护产品,显得至关重要。
本文将基于ARM处理器和Linux操作系统的嵌入式系统技术应用于便携式心电监护系统的开发,主要研究工作包括:在分析心电监护系统的发展趋势和国内外现状的基础上,提出了将嵌入式系统应用于心电监护的设计思想;选择了低功耗、低成本、高性能的ARM7处理器、MSP430系列单片机为核心的系统硬件平台,选择了嵌入式Linux操作系统作为系统软件平台;在单主多从的通信模式下,采用短数据帧格式,通过ARM中断收发,以状态机的概念设计实现了仪器内部通信协议;详细分析了linux网络体系结构,以客户机/服务器模式,通过建立面向连接的TCP并发服务器,实现了多个客户端心电数据的网络传输,通过Linux多线程开发,实现了医患双方心电数据的实时交互。
实验结果表明,本系统平台能够满足心电监护系统的要求,对实现仪器的国产化、微型化、网络化,有良好的社会意义和经济效益。该设计方案稍加修改后还可应用于信息家电、消费电子、工业控制等相关领域中。
With the development of the society and the living standard of the people, cardiovascular disease is rising increasingly. Improving the prevention and monitoring of the disease is imperative. In rural area and western backland, where the health foundation is weak and the professional medical staff is lacking, the research and development of low-cost, high-performance ECG monitoring products is utmost important.
Based on ARM and uClinux, embedded system technology is used in the development of portable ECG monitoring system. The dissertation mainly focuses on the following research works: Based on analyzing the trend of portable ECG monitor, an innovated method is presented. Applying embedded system to the ECG monitor; the hardware platform of portable ECG monitoring system including MSP430, ARM7LPC2292 has been choosen. The embedded Linux is considered as software platform. The internal communication protocol of instrument is designed and realized based on finite state. This solution uses "Single Master,Multi Slaves" model and short-frame fomat. The communication was controled through interruption of ARM. By analyzing the network architecture of Linux, the client/server model network communication application was implemented based on TCP and UDP.The solution realizes the real-time interactive display between doctors and patients.
The experimental result has been demonstrated, that the designed platform can satisfy the request of ECG monitor system, which implies that promote the tendency of localization, miniaturization and Networking. With certain modification, the designed system can also be applied on information devices, consumer electronics and industry control.
本文将基于ARM处理器和Linux操作系统的嵌入式系统技术应用于便携式心电监护系统的开发,主要研究工作包括:在分析心电监护系统的发展趋势和国内外现状的基础上,提出了将嵌入式系统应用于心电监护的设计思想;选择了低功耗、低成本、高性能的ARM7处理器、MSP430系列单片机为核心的系统硬件平台,选择了嵌入式Linux操作系统作为系统软件平台;在单主多从的通信模式下,采用短数据帧格式,通过ARM中断收发,以状态机的概念设计实现了仪器内部通信协议;详细分析了linux网络体系结构,以客户机/服务器模式,通过建立面向连接的TCP并发服务器,实现了多个客户端心电数据的网络传输,通过Linux多线程开发,实现了医患双方心电数据的实时交互。
实验结果表明,本系统平台能够满足心电监护系统的要求,对实现仪器的国产化、微型化、网络化,有良好的社会意义和经济效益。该设计方案稍加修改后还可应用于信息家电、消费电子、工业控制等相关领域中。
With the development of the society and the living standard of the people, cardiovascular disease is rising increasingly. Improving the prevention and monitoring of the disease is imperative. In rural area and western backland, where the health foundation is weak and the professional medical staff is lacking, the research and development of low-cost, high-performance ECG monitoring products is utmost important.
Based on ARM and uClinux, embedded system technology is used in the development of portable ECG monitoring system. The dissertation mainly focuses on the following research works: Based on analyzing the trend of portable ECG monitor, an innovated method is presented. Applying embedded system to the ECG monitor; the hardware platform of portable ECG monitoring system including MSP430, ARM7LPC2292 has been choosen. The embedded Linux is considered as software platform. The internal communication protocol of instrument is designed and realized based on finite state. This solution uses "Single Master,Multi Slaves" model and short-frame fomat. The communication was controled through interruption of ARM. By analyzing the network architecture of Linux, the client/server model network communication application was implemented based on TCP and UDP.The solution realizes the real-time interactive display between doctors and patients.
The experimental result has been demonstrated, that the designed platform can satisfy the request of ECG monitor system, which implies that promote the tendency of localization, miniaturization and Networking. With certain modification, the designed system can also be applied on information devices, consumer electronics and industry control.
引文
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[2]徐晓宏、李延斌、刘祥富,动态心电图机的发展[J],医疗卫生装备,2007,Vol.28,No.10,P.48-50。
[3]王保华、心电技术面向未来[J],中国医疗器械杂志,2003,Vol.27,No.6。
[4]杨雪、吴水才、张松,家庭心电远程监护系统的应用现状及发展[J],中国组织工程研究与临床康复,2007,Vol.11,No.22。
[5]陈海荣,家庭心电图监护网络系统[J],上海生物医学工程,2005,Vol.26,No.02。
[6]王仕旺、胡春松、魏家风,电话传输心电图监测在心血管疾病及远程医疗中的应用[J],现代诊断与治疗,1999,Vol.10,No.03。
[7]吴贺志、梅媚、张力新,心电信号的电话传输技术[J],仪器仪表学报,2002,Vol.23,No.z2,P.725-726。
[8]Martin.T,Jovanov.E,Raskovic.D,Issues in wearable computing for medical monitoring applications a case study of a wearable ECG monitoring device[C],Wearable Computers,2000.The Fourth International Symposium on.Atlanta,GA:IEEE,2000,page(s):43-49.
[9]Reske.D,Moussavi.Z,Design of a web-based remote heart-monitoring system[C],[Engineering in Medicine and Biology,2002.24th Annual Conference and the Annual Fall Meeting of the Biomedical Engineering Society]EMBS/BMES Conference,2002.Proceedings of the Second Joint.Houston,USA:IEEE,2002,Vol.3,p.1847-1848.
[10]Low.Y,Mustaffa.I,Saad.N,Development of PC-Based ECG Monitoring System[C],Research and Development,2006.SCOReD 2006.4th Student Conference on.Shah Alam,Malaysia:IEEE,2006,p.66-69.
[11]Cano-Garcia.J.M,Gonzalez-Parada.E,Alarcon-Collantes.V,A PDA-based portable wireless ECG monitor for medical personal area networks[C],Electrotechnical Conference,2006.MELECON 2006.IEEE Mediterranean. M(a|¨)laga,Spain:IEEE,2006,p.713-716.
[12]Fernandez.J,Ruiz.J,Led.S,VisualECG:a Bluetooth based software for ECG monitoring on personal digital assistants(PDAs)[C],Medical Devices and Biosensors,2004 2nd IEEE/EMBS International Summer School on Medical Devices and Biosensors.Hongkong,China:IEEE,2004,p.57-62.
[13]Jia-Ren Chang Chien,Cheng-Chi Tai,The Design of a Portable ECG Measurement Instrument Based on a GBA Embedded System[C],Industrial Technology,2006.ICIT 2006.IEEE International Conference on,Mumbai,India:IEEE,2006,p.1782-1787.
[14]吕恒勇、赵秋生、徐明智等,基于蓝牙技术的心电监护模块设计[J],医疗卫生装备,2007,Vol.28,No.9,R21-22。
[15]周炳坤、张跃、赵醍,基于PDA的无线心电监护系统的设计与实现[J],医疗卫生装备,2007,Vol.28,No.10,P.18-20。
[16]Lucani.Daniel,Cataldo.Giancarlos,Cruz.Julio,A portable ECG monitoring device with Bluetooth and Holter capabilities for telemedicine applications[C],Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society,2006.EMBS'06.28th Annual International Conference of the IEEE.New York,USA:IEEE,2006,p.5244-5247.
[17]汪建新、刘永祥、胡伟国,网络化心电远程监测系统[J],中国医疗器械信息,2006,Vol.12,No.12,R32-34。
[18]王峰、孟哲、易威,基于Internet网络的12导联便携心电仪系统研究[J],世界电子元器件,2005,No.11,P.56-60。
[19]钟金云、丁明石、吕扬生,实时操作系统在远程心电监护系统中的应用[J]。医疗卫生装备[J],2004,Vol.25,No.12,P.3-4。
[20]方勇军、苏尚文、王胜军,基于ARM的嵌入式Linux系统在便携式医学仪器开发中的应用[J],中国医学物理学杂志,2005,Vol.22,No.3,R545-547。
[21]叶树明、张文昌、陈杭,基于C8051F040单片机的便携式心电监护仪的低功耗设计[J],电子器件,2007,Vol.30,No.2,R625-627。
[22]Gu-Young.J,Kee-Ho.Y,Development of ambulatory ECG monitoring device with ST shape classification[C],CE-ICASE,2006.International Joint Conference.Busan,Korea:IEEE,2006,p.5873-5877.
[23]Ng.K.A,Chan.P.K.A,CMOS analog front-end IC for portable EEGECG monitoring applications[J],Circuits and Systems,2005,Vol.52,Issue.11,p.2335-2347.
[24]Shojaei-Baghini.M,Lai.R.K,Sharma.D.K.A,Low-Power and Compact Analog CMOS Processing Chip for Portable ECG Recorders[C],Asian Solid-State Circuits Conference,2005.Hsinchu,China:IEEE,2005,p.473-476.
[25]Baoming.Wu,Yu.Z,Xinjian.Z,A Novel Mobile ECG Telemonitoring System[C],IEEE-EMBS 2005.27th.Shanghai,China:IEEE,2005,p.3818-3821.
[26]Dong.J,Xu.M,Zhu.H,Wearable ECG recognition and monitor[C],Computer-Based Medical Systems,2005.Proceedings.18th IEEE Symposium on.Dublin,Ireland:IEEE,2005,p.413-418.
[27]陈英、舒坚、陈宇斌,无线传感器网络技术研究[J],传感器与微系统,2007Vol.26,No.10,P.1-4,8。
[28]Bonam.K,Youngjoon.K,Insung.L,Design and Implementation of a Ubiquitous ECG Monitoring System Using SIP and the Zigbee Network[C],Future generation communication and networking(fgcn 2007).Jeju,Korea:IEEE,2007,Vol.2,p.599-604.
[29]Lin.J,Liu.H,Tai.Y,The Development of Wireless Sensor Network for ECG Monitoring[C],Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society,2006.EMBS '06.28th Annual International Conference of the IEEE.New York,USA:IEEE,2006,p.3513-3516.
[30]李鸿强、苗长云、武志刚等,医疗监护无线传感器网络的研究[J],电子器件,2007,Vol.30,No.4,P.1490-1494。
[31]Wong.K,A light-weighted,Low-cost and Wireless ECG Monitor Design based on TinyOS Operating System[C],Information Technology Applications in Biomedicine,2007.ITAB 2007.6th International Special Topic Conference on.Tokoyo,Japan:IEEE,2007,p.165-168.
[32]冯浩楼、高文丽,心电图基础与临床[M],北京:人民军医出版社,2008,p.36。
[33]卢喜烈,现代动态心电图诊断学[M],北京:人民军医出版社,1995。
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