大型锅炉通用型火焰检测器的设计
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摘要
大型锅炉中的火焰监测系统是保证炉膛安全的重要组成部分,火焰检测器是火焰监测系统的核心单元,因此,它的性能很大程度上决定了整个监测系统的性能,可见,对火焰检测器的研究意义重大。
但是,目前市场上的火焰检测器产品都存在这样或那样的问题,除检测到的火焰燃烧情况不准确外,还有价格较高的问题等。本文针对工业对安全性和经济性的实际需要,对炉膛火焰燃烧的特性和火焰检测器的原理进行了具体的研究和阐述,并且对现有的火焰检测的方法进行简要的比较。
本文首先研究了锅炉炉膛火焰的特性,包括各类燃料燃烧火焰的特性、火焰的辐射特性、导电特性和光强度等,以及这些特性在火焰检测器设计中的应用,并提出了本设计火焰检测器的设计步骤。其次,本文研究了光电检检测特性,并据此提出了本设计中的火焰检测器的光电传感器和光电检测电路的选择。本文详细介绍了本设计中火焰检测器的硬件电路及软件流程,提出了信息融合的新方法,并进行了模糊控制算法和信息融合相结合的算法仿真。最后,本文介绍了蜡烛火焰实验的过程。
A flame monitoring system plays an important part in the safty of the boiler of a huge boiler. Its role is to monitoring the accuracy of the furnace flame inside the actual combusion,and then control the fuel off,to ensure both of the safty and economy of the boiler.The flame detector is the core module of the flame monitoring system,so it largely determines the performance of the whole monitoring system. It can clearly be seen that research of the flame detector is significant very much.
However,the flame detector products have several kinds of problems in the current market,such as inaccurate signals detected and high price,and son on. The paper dose concrete research and introduction of theory and the characteristics of the flame in the boiler furnace. Moreover,it dose brief comparison of the flame detecting methods. The flame detector introduced in the paper applies a new thinking called information fusion,which use several search units to detect the flame combusion,to raise the accuracy of the signals,and ensure the reasonable price.
The paper first introduces the characteristics of the flame in the burner, including the characteristics of the flame of several kinds of fuel, radiation, electric conductivity and light intensity and so on, and introduces the application of them in the design of the flame monitor. Then, the paper studies the characteristics of photo electricity, and in order to that it selects the photo electricity sensor and circuits. The paper introduces the circuits and software procedures, and mentions a new method using information fusion, and does simulation of the algorithm to integrate fuzzy control and information fusion. The paper records the process of the wax candle experiment.
但是,目前市场上的火焰检测器产品都存在这样或那样的问题,除检测到的火焰燃烧情况不准确外,还有价格较高的问题等。本文针对工业对安全性和经济性的实际需要,对炉膛火焰燃烧的特性和火焰检测器的原理进行了具体的研究和阐述,并且对现有的火焰检测的方法进行简要的比较。
本文首先研究了锅炉炉膛火焰的特性,包括各类燃料燃烧火焰的特性、火焰的辐射特性、导电特性和光强度等,以及这些特性在火焰检测器设计中的应用,并提出了本设计火焰检测器的设计步骤。其次,本文研究了光电检检测特性,并据此提出了本设计中的火焰检测器的光电传感器和光电检测电路的选择。本文详细介绍了本设计中火焰检测器的硬件电路及软件流程,提出了信息融合的新方法,并进行了模糊控制算法和信息融合相结合的算法仿真。最后,本文介绍了蜡烛火焰实验的过程。
A flame monitoring system plays an important part in the safty of the boiler of a huge boiler. Its role is to monitoring the accuracy of the furnace flame inside the actual combusion,and then control the fuel off,to ensure both of the safty and economy of the boiler.The flame detector is the core module of the flame monitoring system,so it largely determines the performance of the whole monitoring system. It can clearly be seen that research of the flame detector is significant very much.
However,the flame detector products have several kinds of problems in the current market,such as inaccurate signals detected and high price,and son on. The paper dose concrete research and introduction of theory and the characteristics of the flame in the boiler furnace. Moreover,it dose brief comparison of the flame detecting methods. The flame detector introduced in the paper applies a new thinking called information fusion,which use several search units to detect the flame combusion,to raise the accuracy of the signals,and ensure the reasonable price.
The paper first introduces the characteristics of the flame in the burner, including the characteristics of the flame of several kinds of fuel, radiation, electric conductivity and light intensity and so on, and introduces the application of them in the design of the flame monitor. Then, the paper studies the characteristics of photo electricity, and in order to that it selects the photo electricity sensor and circuits. The paper introduces the circuits and software procedures, and mentions a new method using information fusion, and does simulation of the algorithm to integrate fuzzy control and information fusion. The paper records the process of the wax candle experiment.
引文
[1]唐文杰.XHT—5数字火焰检测器[J].电子产品世界,2002(1):50-51.
[2]杨柳.火焰特性研究及其检测技术[J].天津大学硕士学位论文,2003-12-30:185
[3]陆剑飞.信息融合技术在火焰检测中的应用[J].华北电力大学(河北)硕士学位论文,2003-12-30:185
[4] Torkil Holm. Aspects of the mechanism of the flame ionization detector, Journal of Chromatography A[J].842(1999): 221-227
[5] Datasheet,Maxim Integrated Products,1992
[6]史桂梅,王震.用火焰检测电子管检测火焰的实验方法[J].物理实验,21卷第四期:47-48
[7] David R.Coarlran. A Sodium Flame Detector of Increased Stability for Phosphorus-containing Pesticides[J].Scientific Paper 2657, Washington Agricultural Experiment Stations:141-149
[8] M. Kdllai,J. Balla. The Effect of Molecular Structure upon the Response of the Flame Ionization Detector[J]. Chromatographia 2002, 56, September (No. 5/6):357-360
[9] M. C. Wilkinson, P. N. Brown / G. G. Jayson. Determination of Cyanogen and Cyanogen Chloride Using Gas Chromatography with a Flame Ionisation Detector[J]. Chromatographia Vol. 21, No. 3, March 1986:161-164
[10] Keiichiro KAGAWA, Norikatsu YOSHIDA1, Takashi TOKUDA,etc. Building a Simple Model of a Pulse-Frequency-Modulation Photosensor and Demonstration of a 128 _ 128-pixel Pulse-Frequency-Modulation Image Sensor Fabricated in a Standard 0.35-_m Complementary Metal-Oxide Semiconductor Technology[J]. OPTICAL REVIEW Vol.11,No.3 (2004): 176–181
[11]郭妙娜.可见光火焰检测器的应用及存在问题的处理[J].湖南电力,2007(1):38-40
[12] Tretter S A. Introduction to Discrete-Time Sib al Processing[J]. New York: John Wiley and Sons, 1976
[13]李远生.红外线火焰检测装置原理及其应用[J].计算机测量与控制,2003.11(3):222-229
[14]国信.美国开发出红外火焰检测器[J].中国仪器仪表,1998(4):35
[15]黄晓玲.紫外型火焰检测器的研制[J].仪器仪表学报,1999(5):523-525
[16]高武,章云.基于DSP的锅炉煤粉火焰检测系统[J].科技广场,2007(5):143-144
[17]李进.锅炉炉膛火焰检测系统的硬件设计[J].仪器仪表与分析监测,2005(4):4-6
[18] Duhamel P, Holtmann H. Split-radix FFT algorithm[J]. Electronics Letters.1984, 20(1):14-16
[19] E.S.Voropai,V.I.Karas,P.A.Torachev. Measurement of Optical Losses Using Two Photodiode Operational Amplifier Pairs[J]. Plenum Publishing Corporation,1984:123-126
[20] T. P. Bridge,M. H. Williamsl,G. G. R. Seato,A. F. Fell. An Expert System for Eluent Optimisation in Liquid Chromatography with Photodiode Array Detection[J]. Chromatographia Vol,1987(24): 691-695
[21] O.Haderka1,M.Hamar,J.PerinaJr1Experimentalmulti-photon-resolving detector using a single avalanche photodiode[J]. The European Physical Journal D,2004(28):149-154
[22]杨丹,王伟等.基于光电传感器的无人驾驶电动汽车导航系统研究[J].轻型汽车技术,2007(5):4-7
[23] B. N. Denisov. Functional Properties of an AC-Biased Photoresistor [J].TECHNICAL PHYSICS LETTERS,2008(1):43-45
[24] Steven Collins.Advanced Flame Monitors Take on Combustion Control[J]. Power. 1993
[25]赵铁成,张银桥,徐伟勇.火焰图像检测器着火判据的设计与实验研究[J].动力工程,2001.2(1):1054-1058
[26]牛燕炜.有源低通滤波器的设计与仿真分析[J].现代电子技术,2007(12):181-183
[27]李钟慎.高阶Butterworth低通滤波电路的快速设计[J].工业仪表与自动化装置,2007(4):27-29
[28]杨柳.火焰特性研究及其检测技术[D].天津:天津大学硕士学位,2003
[30]于进杰,肖献保等.A_D转换芯片选型[J].广西轻工业,2007(12):64
[31] Complete 8-Bit A-to-D Converter AD570.Analog Devices
[32] Low Cost Signal Conditioning 8-Bit ADC AD670.Analog Devices
[33] 8-Bit A/D Converter AD673.Analog Devices
[34] CMOS uP-Compatible 8 bit AD7574.Analog Devices
[36] 16-Bit Hybrid ANOLOG-TO-DIGITAL CONVERTER ADC72.BURR BROWN
[37] 16-Bit Hybrid ANOLOG-TO-DIGITAL CONVERTER ADC76.BURR BROWN
[39]杜洋.A_D转换芯片ADC0832的应用[J].电子制作,2006(1):44-46
[40] ADC0831/ADC0832/ADC0834/ADC0838 8-Bit Serial I/O A/D Converters with Multiplexer Options [J].National Semiconductor:1-30
[41] TMS320LF/LC240xA DSP Controllers Reference Guide System and Peripherals, Texas Instruments, Literature Number: SPRU357B, 2001
[42] TMS320F/C24x DSP Controllers Reference Guide CPU and Instruction Set, Texas Instruments, Literature Number: SPRU160C, 1999
[43]石丽萍.智能型温差式火焰检测器的设计[D].太原:太原理工大学,2006
[44]陈志刚,蒙建波等.电站锅炉数字图像火焰检测系统设计与实现[J].重庆大学学报,2003.2(2):32-35
[45] Hyeon Bae,Sungshin Kim,Man Hyung Lee. Extraction of quantitative and image information from flame images of steam boiler burners[J]. Artif Life Robotics,2004(8):202-207
[46] Comp Vis Graphics and Iamge Processing, 1987, 40: 30-40
[47] Cadzow J A. Spectral estimation: An over determined rationale model equation approach[J],IEEE.vol.70:907-938
[48] CHIN R T, WAN H K, STOVER D L, IVERSON R D. A One-pass Thinning Algorithm and Its Parallel Implementation [J], Atlanta: Georgia Institute of Technology: 1998
[49]陆剑飞.信息融合技术在火焰检测中的应用[D].河北:华北电力大学,2004
[50] T. Flie B,H. J.Jentschel, K.Lenkheitb. A new synthesis method for signals for testing of flame-detection algorithms[J], Fire Safety Journal 37(2002):151-164
[2]杨柳.火焰特性研究及其检测技术[J].天津大学硕士学位论文,2003-12-30:185
[3]陆剑飞.信息融合技术在火焰检测中的应用[J].华北电力大学(河北)硕士学位论文,2003-12-30:185
[4] Torkil Holm. Aspects of the mechanism of the flame ionization detector, Journal of Chromatography A[J].842(1999): 221-227
[5] Datasheet,Maxim Integrated Products,1992
[6]史桂梅,王震.用火焰检测电子管检测火焰的实验方法[J].物理实验,21卷第四期:47-48
[7] David R.Coarlran. A Sodium Flame Detector of Increased Stability for Phosphorus-containing Pesticides[J].Scientific Paper 2657, Washington Agricultural Experiment Stations:141-149
[8] M. Kdllai,J. Balla. The Effect of Molecular Structure upon the Response of the Flame Ionization Detector[J]. Chromatographia 2002, 56, September (No. 5/6):357-360
[9] M. C. Wilkinson, P. N. Brown / G. G. Jayson. Determination of Cyanogen and Cyanogen Chloride Using Gas Chromatography with a Flame Ionisation Detector[J]. Chromatographia Vol. 21, No. 3, March 1986:161-164
[10] Keiichiro KAGAWA, Norikatsu YOSHIDA1, Takashi TOKUDA,etc. Building a Simple Model of a Pulse-Frequency-Modulation Photosensor and Demonstration of a 128 _ 128-pixel Pulse-Frequency-Modulation Image Sensor Fabricated in a Standard 0.35-_m Complementary Metal-Oxide Semiconductor Technology[J]. OPTICAL REVIEW Vol.11,No.3 (2004): 176–181
[11]郭妙娜.可见光火焰检测器的应用及存在问题的处理[J].湖南电力,2007(1):38-40
[12] Tretter S A. Introduction to Discrete-Time Sib al Processing[J]. New York: John Wiley and Sons, 1976
[13]李远生.红外线火焰检测装置原理及其应用[J].计算机测量与控制,2003.11(3):222-229
[14]国信.美国开发出红外火焰检测器[J].中国仪器仪表,1998(4):35
[15]黄晓玲.紫外型火焰检测器的研制[J].仪器仪表学报,1999(5):523-525
[16]高武,章云.基于DSP的锅炉煤粉火焰检测系统[J].科技广场,2007(5):143-144
[17]李进.锅炉炉膛火焰检测系统的硬件设计[J].仪器仪表与分析监测,2005(4):4-6
[18] Duhamel P, Holtmann H. Split-radix FFT algorithm[J]. Electronics Letters.1984, 20(1):14-16
[19] E.S.Voropai,V.I.Karas,P.A.Torachev. Measurement of Optical Losses Using Two Photodiode Operational Amplifier Pairs[J]. Plenum Publishing Corporation,1984:123-126
[20] T. P. Bridge,M. H. Williamsl,G. G. R. Seato,A. F. Fell. An Expert System for Eluent Optimisation in Liquid Chromatography with Photodiode Array Detection[J]. Chromatographia Vol,1987(24): 691-695
[21] O.Haderka1,M.Hamar,J.PerinaJr1Experimentalmulti-photon-resolving detector using a single avalanche photodiode[J]. The European Physical Journal D,2004(28):149-154
[22]杨丹,王伟等.基于光电传感器的无人驾驶电动汽车导航系统研究[J].轻型汽车技术,2007(5):4-7
[23] B. N. Denisov. Functional Properties of an AC-Biased Photoresistor [J].TECHNICAL PHYSICS LETTERS,2008(1):43-45
[24] Steven Collins.Advanced Flame Monitors Take on Combustion Control[J]. Power. 1993
[25]赵铁成,张银桥,徐伟勇.火焰图像检测器着火判据的设计与实验研究[J].动力工程,2001.2(1):1054-1058
[26]牛燕炜.有源低通滤波器的设计与仿真分析[J].现代电子技术,2007(12):181-183
[27]李钟慎.高阶Butterworth低通滤波电路的快速设计[J].工业仪表与自动化装置,2007(4):27-29
[28]杨柳.火焰特性研究及其检测技术[D].天津:天津大学硕士学位,2003
[30]于进杰,肖献保等.A_D转换芯片选型[J].广西轻工业,2007(12):64
[31] Complete 8-Bit A-to-D Converter AD570.Analog Devices
[32] Low Cost Signal Conditioning 8-Bit ADC AD670.Analog Devices
[33] 8-Bit A/D Converter AD673.Analog Devices
[34] CMOS uP-Compatible 8 bit AD7574.Analog Devices
[36] 16-Bit Hybrid ANOLOG-TO-DIGITAL CONVERTER ADC72.BURR BROWN
[37] 16-Bit Hybrid ANOLOG-TO-DIGITAL CONVERTER ADC76.BURR BROWN
[39]杜洋.A_D转换芯片ADC0832的应用[J].电子制作,2006(1):44-46
[40] ADC0831/ADC0832/ADC0834/ADC0838 8-Bit Serial I/O A/D Converters with Multiplexer Options [J].National Semiconductor:1-30
[41] TMS320LF/LC240xA DSP Controllers Reference Guide System and Peripherals, Texas Instruments, Literature Number: SPRU357B, 2001
[42] TMS320F/C24x DSP Controllers Reference Guide CPU and Instruction Set, Texas Instruments, Literature Number: SPRU160C, 1999
[43]石丽萍.智能型温差式火焰检测器的设计[D].太原:太原理工大学,2006
[44]陈志刚,蒙建波等.电站锅炉数字图像火焰检测系统设计与实现[J].重庆大学学报,2003.2(2):32-35
[45] Hyeon Bae,Sungshin Kim,Man Hyung Lee. Extraction of quantitative and image information from flame images of steam boiler burners[J]. Artif Life Robotics,2004(8):202-207
[46] Comp Vis Graphics and Iamge Processing, 1987, 40: 30-40
[47] Cadzow J A. Spectral estimation: An over determined rationale model equation approach[J],IEEE.vol.70:907-938
[48] CHIN R T, WAN H K, STOVER D L, IVERSON R D. A One-pass Thinning Algorithm and Its Parallel Implementation [J], Atlanta: Georgia Institute of Technology: 1998
[49]陆剑飞.信息融合技术在火焰检测中的应用[D].河北:华北电力大学,2004
[50] T. Flie B,H. J.Jentschel, K.Lenkheitb. A new synthesis method for signals for testing of flame-detection algorithms[J], Fire Safety Journal 37(2002):151-164