企业社会资本对企业价值的影响分析
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摘要
随着信息技术的迅猛发展、经济全球化步伐的加快、WTO的进入以及我国国内经济结构的变化,我国企业生存的压力也日显沉重,在这种情况下,追求不断的成长已经成为摆在每一位企业管理者面前的难题。新古典经济学基于完备理性和完全竞争市场假设的分析框架,在解释很多经济现象时却无法做出令人满意的回答,而社会资本的提出为经济学提供了新的解释视角,从而为更进一步合理解释经济增长以及企业价值提升提供了参考。
本文从探讨企业社会资本的理论基础着手,沿着资本—社会资本—企业社会资本的概念树,阐述了企业社会资本理论的发展脉络,然后介绍了企业社会资本的构成、特点以及相互联系。文章中谈到的企业核心竞争力已不再停留在单纯的核心技术这一层面,而是把运营良好的企业社会资本也归结为企业核心竞争力的组成部分,因为它可以进一步保护和加强企业传统的核心竞争力。文章针对中国企业目前普遍存在的问题,结合企业信誉模型博弈分析、企业社会资本与关系网络模型及其企业文化、企业信任的有关案例就企业信誉、企业文化、企业关系网络三个方面,深入探讨了企业社会资本如何辅助提升企业的核心竞争力从而促进企业价值创造的过程。
文章在最后对于提高企业价值给出了政策建议。提出我国企业应加强诚信经营、提高品质意识和售后服务管理、树立企业品牌和重视履行企业的社会责任,从而加强企业信誉资本的建设;透过企业文化来加强企业规范,为企业价值提升提供源源不断的内动力;分别从内部和外部两方面着手建设企业关系网络,让企业信息、技术、资金、合作机会等资源更快更有效的流通共享。
With the rapid development of information technology, accelerated pace of economic globalization, WTO accession ,and structural changes in our domestic economy, China's the Pressures of survival of our enterprises are becoming heavier day by day. In this case, the pursuit of continuous growth has been the problems which are placed in front of every business manager. Neo-classical economics which are based on the analytical framework of the complete rationality and the perfectly competitive market hypothesis can not make a satisfactory answer to explain many economic phenomena. However, the proposal put forward by social capital provides a new interpretation of the economics perspective. As a result, it will be a reference for Reasonable explaining the economic and enterprise value growth.
The paper begins with the theoretical foundation of corporate social capital,it has along the concept of capital, social capital, and corporate social capital to expound the he development of corporate social capital theory thread,and then it introduce the theory of social capital, the content, features and links of corporate social capital. The core competitiveness of enterprises in the paper is not only in the simple level of core technology, but also includes the well-run corporate social capital. Because it can further protect and strengthen the traditional core business competitiveness. The paper is aiming at the prevailing problems of Chinese enterprises, combined with corporate reputation model for game analysis, corporate social capital and the relationship between network model and the relevant precedent of corporate culture, and corporate trust, explored deeply how the social capital of enterprises assisted to enhance the core competitiveness of enterprises so as to promote the create process of enterprise value from corporate reputation, corporate culture and corporate network of relationships.
At last, the paper gives In the policy recommendations to improve the enterprise value. It says that Chinese enterprises should strengthen credit management, improve the quality of awareness and after-sales service management, establish a brand and fulfill corporate social responsibility, to strengthen the enterprises credibility capital. Enhance corporate standard through the corporate culture to provide an endless inner power for enterprise value enhancement; Construction Enterprise network of relationships from internal and external respectively, so that the business information, technology, funding, partnership opportunities and other resources could flow and share faster and more efficient.
本文从探讨企业社会资本的理论基础着手,沿着资本—社会资本—企业社会资本的概念树,阐述了企业社会资本理论的发展脉络,然后介绍了企业社会资本的构成、特点以及相互联系。文章中谈到的企业核心竞争力已不再停留在单纯的核心技术这一层面,而是把运营良好的企业社会资本也归结为企业核心竞争力的组成部分,因为它可以进一步保护和加强企业传统的核心竞争力。文章针对中国企业目前普遍存在的问题,结合企业信誉模型博弈分析、企业社会资本与关系网络模型及其企业文化、企业信任的有关案例就企业信誉、企业文化、企业关系网络三个方面,深入探讨了企业社会资本如何辅助提升企业的核心竞争力从而促进企业价值创造的过程。
文章在最后对于提高企业价值给出了政策建议。提出我国企业应加强诚信经营、提高品质意识和售后服务管理、树立企业品牌和重视履行企业的社会责任,从而加强企业信誉资本的建设;透过企业文化来加强企业规范,为企业价值提升提供源源不断的内动力;分别从内部和外部两方面着手建设企业关系网络,让企业信息、技术、资金、合作机会等资源更快更有效的流通共享。
With the rapid development of information technology, accelerated pace of economic globalization, WTO accession ,and structural changes in our domestic economy, China's the Pressures of survival of our enterprises are becoming heavier day by day. In this case, the pursuit of continuous growth has been the problems which are placed in front of every business manager. Neo-classical economics which are based on the analytical framework of the complete rationality and the perfectly competitive market hypothesis can not make a satisfactory answer to explain many economic phenomena. However, the proposal put forward by social capital provides a new interpretation of the economics perspective. As a result, it will be a reference for Reasonable explaining the economic and enterprise value growth.
The paper begins with the theoretical foundation of corporate social capital,it has along the concept of capital, social capital, and corporate social capital to expound the he development of corporate social capital theory thread,and then it introduce the theory of social capital, the content, features and links of corporate social capital. The core competitiveness of enterprises in the paper is not only in the simple level of core technology, but also includes the well-run corporate social capital. Because it can further protect and strengthen the traditional core business competitiveness. The paper is aiming at the prevailing problems of Chinese enterprises, combined with corporate reputation model for game analysis, corporate social capital and the relationship between network model and the relevant precedent of corporate culture, and corporate trust, explored deeply how the social capital of enterprises assisted to enhance the core competitiveness of enterprises so as to promote the create process of enterprise value from corporate reputation, corporate culture and corporate network of relationships.
At last, the paper gives In the policy recommendations to improve the enterprise value. It says that Chinese enterprises should strengthen credit management, improve the quality of awareness and after-sales service management, establish a brand and fulfill corporate social responsibility, to strengthen the enterprises credibility capital. Enhance corporate standard through the corporate culture to provide an endless inner power for enterprise value enhancement; Construction Enterprise network of relationships from internal and external respectively, so that the business information, technology, funding, partnership opportunities and other resources could flow and share faster and more efficient.
引文
[1] Bourdieu P.The Forms of capital,In:Handbook of Theory and Research for the Sociology of Education. New York: Greenwood Press,1986:248
[2] Woolcoek M,Naranyan D.Social Capital: Implications for Development Theory, Research and Policy.The World Bank Research Observer,2000,15(2):225-249
[3] Coleman J S. Social Capital in the Creation of Human Capita1.American Journal of Sociology, 1988, (1):94
[4] Putnam R, Leonardi R, Naeai R. Making Democracy Work: Civic Traditions in Modern Italy. New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 1994:258
[5] World Bank.The Initiative on Defining, Monitoring and Measuring Social Capital: Overview and Program Description.Social Capital Initiative Working Paper, 1998, (1):1-12
[6] Bourdieu P, Wacquant L. An Invitation to Reflexive Sociology. Chicago: University of Chicago Press,1992:119
[7] Bourdieu P. The Forms of Capital,In:Handbook of Theory and Research for the Sociology of Education. New York: Greenwood Press,1986:241-258
[8]顾新,郭耀煌,李久平.社会资本及其在知识链中的作用.科研管理, 2003, (5): 44-48
[9] Coleman J.Social Capital in the Creation of Human Capital. American Journal of Sociology, 1988,94 (5):5-21
[10]迈克尔伍考克,李惠斌,杨雪冬.社会资本与经济发展:一种理论综合与政策架构.北京:社会科学文献出版社,2000:45-67
[11] Becerra F I, Sabherwal R. Organizational knowledge management: A contingency perspective.Journal of Management Information Systems, 2001, 18(1):40-42
[12] Stephen B,John F,Tom S.Social Capital: Critical Perspectives.Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000:87-92
[13] Senge P M. Sharing Knowledge. Executive Excellence, 1998,(15):11-12
[14]李路路.私营企业主的个人背景与企业“成功”.中国社会科学,1997,(2): 133-145
[15]张其仔.社会资本论—社会资本与经济增长.北京:社会科学文献出版社,1999:20-64
[16]刘世定,郭于华.政府对外来农民工的管理—广东外来农民工考察报告之三.管理世界,1995,(6):187-197
[17]边燕杰,邱海雄.企业的社会资本及其功效.中国社会科学,2000,(2):87-99
[18]姚小涛,席酉民.社会网络理论及其在企业研究中的应用.西安交通大学学报(社会科学版),2003,(3):22-27
[19]石军伟,胡立君,付海艳.企业社会资本的功效结构:基于中国上市公司的实证研究.中国工业经济,2007,(2): 84-93
[20]向希尧,朱伟民.产业集群中社会资本的作用研究.工业技术经济,2006,(6):4-7
[21] Burt R S. Structural holes: the social structure of competition. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1992: 8-45
[22] Ghoshal S, Moran P. Bad for practice: A critique of transaction cost theory. Academy of Management Review, 1996, (21):13-47
[23] Adler P, Kwon S. Social capital: prospects for a new concept. Academy of Management Review, 2002, 27(1): 17-40
[24]储小平.家族企业是一种低效率的企业组织吗?开放导报,2000,(6): 14-16
[25]周立新,李传昭.社会资本与家族企业网络的演进.软科学,2004,(6): 24-27
[26]马爱净.企业家社会资本与家族企业的二次创业.西安电子科技大学学报(社会科学版),2005,(2): 82-86
[27]符平.社会资本和个体经营者的创业与发展.社会,2003,(2):38-41
[28]张杰.社会资本与高科技园区发展.现代管理科学,2003, (3):72-73
[29]郑美群,蔡莉,王发银.社会资本对高技术企业绩效的作用分析.工业技术经济,2005,(2): 73-74
[30]杨德林.中关村技术型创业行为与特点分析.科技和产业,2002,(8):15-20
[31]张其仔.社会资本与国有企业绩效研究.当代财经,2000,(01):53-58
[32]边燕杰,丘海雄.企业的社会资本及其功效.中国社会科学,2000,(2):87-99
[33]刘松博.对社会资本和企业社会资本概念的再界定.安徽大学学报(哲学社会科学版), 2007,(6):84-89
[34]储小平,李怀祖.信任与家族企业的成长.管理世界,2003,(6):98-104
[35]祝涛.企业社会资本在完善公司治理中的作用.财会月刊(综合版),2006,(29):19-21
[36]林民书,劳铖强,谢孝荣.基于社会资本视角的企业活动分析.东南学术,2006,(4):90-97
[37]夏清华.从社会资本理论看美国企业如何创造政治优势.数量经济技术经济研究,2003,(7):158-161
[38]李敏.论企业社会资本的有机构成及功能.中国工业经济,2005,(8):81-88
[39]张方华,林仁方.企业的社会资本与技术合作.科研管理,2004,(2):31-36
[40]贺远琼,田志龙.企业家行为与企业社会资本.财贸研究,2006,(1):81-85
[41]周小虎.企业理论的社会资本逻辑.中国工业经济,2005,(3):84-91
[42]吴芸.试论企业社会资本的积累.江苏商论, 2007,(12):151-152
[43] Coleman J S. Social Capital in the Creation of Human Capital. American Journal ofSociology, 1988,(94):95-120
[44] Granovetter M. Economic action and social structure: The problem of embeddedness.American Journal of Sociology, 1985, (91):481-510
[45] Lin N. Social networks and status attainment. Annual Review of Sociology, 1999, (25): 467-487
[46] Putnam R. The Case of Missing Social Capital. Harvard University Working Paper, 1995,(2):12-15
[47] Porter M E. Cluster and the new economics of competition. Harvard Business Review, 1995,(11):77-90
[48] Bourdieu P. The forms of capital,In:Handbook of theory and research for the sociology of education. New York: Greenwood, 1985:18-19
[49] Granovetter M. The strength of weak ties. American Journal of sociology, 1973, 78(6):1360-1380
[50] Granovetter M.Economic Action and Social structure: The problem of Embeddedness. American Journal of Sociology, 1985, (91):481-510
[51] Lin N. Social resources and instrumental action. Annual Review of Sociology,1982,(25): 467-487
[52] Lin N. Social capital: A theory of social structure and action. UK: Cambridge University Press, 2001:234-256
[53]朱国宏.经济社会学.上海:复旦大学出版社,1999: 84
[54] Coleman J. Social capital in the creation of human capital.American Journal of Sociology, 1988,(94):95-120
[55] Evans P. Government action, social capital and development-Reviewing the evidence on synergy. World Development, 1996,(24):1119-1132
[56] Fountain J. Social Capital: A Key Enabler of Innovation in Science and Technology,In Branscomb L M and Keller J (eds), Investing in Innovation: Toward a Consensus Strategy for Federal Technology Policy. Cambridge Mass: MIT Press, 1997:307-322
[57] Fukuyama F. Trust: The social virtues and the creation of prosperity. New York: Free Press, 1995:68-79
[58]李惠斌,杨雪冬.社会资本与社会发展.北京:社会科学文献出版社,2000:98-111
[59] Sobel J. Can We Trust Social Capital.Journal of Economic literature,2002,(3): 139-154
[60]弗朗西斯.信任—社会美德与创造经济繁荣.海南:海南出版社,2002:78-97
[61]刘林平.外来人群体中的关系运用—以深圳“平江村”为个案.中国社会科学,2001,(5):112-124
[2] Woolcoek M,Naranyan D.Social Capital: Implications for Development Theory, Research and Policy.The World Bank Research Observer,2000,15(2):225-249
[3] Coleman J S. Social Capital in the Creation of Human Capita1.American Journal of Sociology, 1988, (1):94
[4] Putnam R, Leonardi R, Naeai R. Making Democracy Work: Civic Traditions in Modern Italy. New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 1994:258
[5] World Bank.The Initiative on Defining, Monitoring and Measuring Social Capital: Overview and Program Description.Social Capital Initiative Working Paper, 1998, (1):1-12
[6] Bourdieu P, Wacquant L. An Invitation to Reflexive Sociology. Chicago: University of Chicago Press,1992:119
[7] Bourdieu P. The Forms of Capital,In:Handbook of Theory and Research for the Sociology of Education. New York: Greenwood Press,1986:241-258
[8]顾新,郭耀煌,李久平.社会资本及其在知识链中的作用.科研管理, 2003, (5): 44-48
[9] Coleman J.Social Capital in the Creation of Human Capital. American Journal of Sociology, 1988,94 (5):5-21
[10]迈克尔伍考克,李惠斌,杨雪冬.社会资本与经济发展:一种理论综合与政策架构.北京:社会科学文献出版社,2000:45-67
[11] Becerra F I, Sabherwal R. Organizational knowledge management: A contingency perspective.Journal of Management Information Systems, 2001, 18(1):40-42
[12] Stephen B,John F,Tom S.Social Capital: Critical Perspectives.Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000:87-92
[13] Senge P M. Sharing Knowledge. Executive Excellence, 1998,(15):11-12
[14]李路路.私营企业主的个人背景与企业“成功”.中国社会科学,1997,(2): 133-145
[15]张其仔.社会资本论—社会资本与经济增长.北京:社会科学文献出版社,1999:20-64
[16]刘世定,郭于华.政府对外来农民工的管理—广东外来农民工考察报告之三.管理世界,1995,(6):187-197
[17]边燕杰,邱海雄.企业的社会资本及其功效.中国社会科学,2000,(2):87-99
[18]姚小涛,席酉民.社会网络理论及其在企业研究中的应用.西安交通大学学报(社会科学版),2003,(3):22-27
[19]石军伟,胡立君,付海艳.企业社会资本的功效结构:基于中国上市公司的实证研究.中国工业经济,2007,(2): 84-93
[20]向希尧,朱伟民.产业集群中社会资本的作用研究.工业技术经济,2006,(6):4-7
[21] Burt R S. Structural holes: the social structure of competition. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1992: 8-45
[22] Ghoshal S, Moran P. Bad for practice: A critique of transaction cost theory. Academy of Management Review, 1996, (21):13-47
[23] Adler P, Kwon S. Social capital: prospects for a new concept. Academy of Management Review, 2002, 27(1): 17-40
[24]储小平.家族企业是一种低效率的企业组织吗?开放导报,2000,(6): 14-16
[25]周立新,李传昭.社会资本与家族企业网络的演进.软科学,2004,(6): 24-27
[26]马爱净.企业家社会资本与家族企业的二次创业.西安电子科技大学学报(社会科学版),2005,(2): 82-86
[27]符平.社会资本和个体经营者的创业与发展.社会,2003,(2):38-41
[28]张杰.社会资本与高科技园区发展.现代管理科学,2003, (3):72-73
[29]郑美群,蔡莉,王发银.社会资本对高技术企业绩效的作用分析.工业技术经济,2005,(2): 73-74
[30]杨德林.中关村技术型创业行为与特点分析.科技和产业,2002,(8):15-20
[31]张其仔.社会资本与国有企业绩效研究.当代财经,2000,(01):53-58
[32]边燕杰,丘海雄.企业的社会资本及其功效.中国社会科学,2000,(2):87-99
[33]刘松博.对社会资本和企业社会资本概念的再界定.安徽大学学报(哲学社会科学版), 2007,(6):84-89
[34]储小平,李怀祖.信任与家族企业的成长.管理世界,2003,(6):98-104
[35]祝涛.企业社会资本在完善公司治理中的作用.财会月刊(综合版),2006,(29):19-21
[36]林民书,劳铖强,谢孝荣.基于社会资本视角的企业活动分析.东南学术,2006,(4):90-97
[37]夏清华.从社会资本理论看美国企业如何创造政治优势.数量经济技术经济研究,2003,(7):158-161
[38]李敏.论企业社会资本的有机构成及功能.中国工业经济,2005,(8):81-88
[39]张方华,林仁方.企业的社会资本与技术合作.科研管理,2004,(2):31-36
[40]贺远琼,田志龙.企业家行为与企业社会资本.财贸研究,2006,(1):81-85
[41]周小虎.企业理论的社会资本逻辑.中国工业经济,2005,(3):84-91
[42]吴芸.试论企业社会资本的积累.江苏商论, 2007,(12):151-152
[43] Coleman J S. Social Capital in the Creation of Human Capital. American Journal ofSociology, 1988,(94):95-120
[44] Granovetter M. Economic action and social structure: The problem of embeddedness.American Journal of Sociology, 1985, (91):481-510
[45] Lin N. Social networks and status attainment. Annual Review of Sociology, 1999, (25): 467-487
[46] Putnam R. The Case of Missing Social Capital. Harvard University Working Paper, 1995,(2):12-15
[47] Porter M E. Cluster and the new economics of competition. Harvard Business Review, 1995,(11):77-90
[48] Bourdieu P. The forms of capital,In:Handbook of theory and research for the sociology of education. New York: Greenwood, 1985:18-19
[49] Granovetter M. The strength of weak ties. American Journal of sociology, 1973, 78(6):1360-1380
[50] Granovetter M.Economic Action and Social structure: The problem of Embeddedness. American Journal of Sociology, 1985, (91):481-510
[51] Lin N. Social resources and instrumental action. Annual Review of Sociology,1982,(25): 467-487
[52] Lin N. Social capital: A theory of social structure and action. UK: Cambridge University Press, 2001:234-256
[53]朱国宏.经济社会学.上海:复旦大学出版社,1999: 84
[54] Coleman J. Social capital in the creation of human capital.American Journal of Sociology, 1988,(94):95-120
[55] Evans P. Government action, social capital and development-Reviewing the evidence on synergy. World Development, 1996,(24):1119-1132
[56] Fountain J. Social Capital: A Key Enabler of Innovation in Science and Technology,In Branscomb L M and Keller J (eds), Investing in Innovation: Toward a Consensus Strategy for Federal Technology Policy. Cambridge Mass: MIT Press, 1997:307-322
[57] Fukuyama F. Trust: The social virtues and the creation of prosperity. New York: Free Press, 1995:68-79
[58]李惠斌,杨雪冬.社会资本与社会发展.北京:社会科学文献出版社,2000:98-111
[59] Sobel J. Can We Trust Social Capital.Journal of Economic literature,2002,(3): 139-154
[60]弗朗西斯.信任—社会美德与创造经济繁荣.海南:海南出版社,2002:78-97
[61]刘林平.外来人群体中的关系运用—以深圳“平江村”为个案.中国社会科学,2001,(5):112-124