持续性注意和分配性注意对错误记忆的影响
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摘要
错误记忆已成为近来记忆研究的一个重要方向,已有大量数据表明错误记忆切实存在且十分强大。本文首先简单回顾错误记忆的研究历程,再对其主要的理论模型和研究范式进行简述,进而,根据当前现状特提出从注意的角度对错误记忆进行研究。具体为:分别操纵持续性注意任务和分配性注意任务,与学习项目相结合进行研究。实验得到了与以往类似研究相一致的结果,支持激活监测理论和来源监测理论。
实验一中,操纵持续性注意任务和项目类型作为实验变量,研究了不同组别(实验组和控制组)被试对三种项目类型(学过项目、关键诱饵、无关项)的再认情况。结果发现:持续性注意任务主效应显著,项目类型主效应显著,二者交互作用显著,对其交互作用进行简单效应分析的结果也为显著,其中实验组和控制组差异均显著。进一步分析表明:实验组被试对学过项目的正确再认率高于控制组被试,且方差分析结果显著,而对关键诱饵和无关项的方差分析结果不显著,对不同项目类型进行事后比较分析发现差异均不显著。
实验二在实验一的基础上进一步考察了分配性注意任务(一位数的加法)对错误记忆的影响。其结果也发现:持续性注意任务和项目类型主效应均显著,二者交互作用显著,后对其进行简单效应分析(实验组和控制组)也为显著;进一步分析表明:不同被试组对学过项目的方差分析结果显著,对关键诱饵和无关项的方差分析结果均不显著,对不同项目类型进行事后比较分析发现差异均不显著。
通过实验一和实验二本研究得出如下结论:持续性注意任务主效应显著,项目类型主效应显著,持续性注意任务和项目类型交互作用显著,对其交互作用的简单效应分析也为显著,但是对项目类型的事后分析差异均不显著。
False Memory in the recent has become an important research direction, the ample data show that the false memory is real and very strong. In the paper, a brief review of false memory research process, and then its main theoretical models and research paradigms, briefly, following that, based on the current status of the study, special attention to the perspective of putting forward false memory research. Specifically,the respective control tasks and the allocation of attention to continuity of attention to tasks, and learning project combining research. The experimental results obtained are consistent with previous results of similar studies in support of active- monitoring theory and source monitoring theory.
Experiment 1, the manipulation of sustained attention to tasks and project type as the experimental variable effects of different experimental groups (experimental group and control group) were tested on three kinds of item type (studied items, the focus to the bait, regardless of the item) in recognition of . The results found that sustained attention to the task main effect significant, a significant main effect of item type, a significant interaction between the two, its a simple interaction effects analysis, the results also significant, in which the experimental group and control group were significantly higher; and further analysis showed that the Experimental group subjects were studied items on the correct recognition rate was higher than the control group were tested and the results of the analysis of variance significant, while the bait and unrelated items of key results of the analysis of variance were not significant for different project types found in a comparative analysis of ex post differences were not significant.
In Experiment 2, on the basis of the experiment 1 further examine the distribution of attention to task (1-digit addition) on the false memory effects.The results also found that: sustained attention to tasks and the main effect of item type were significant, a significant interaction between the two, the latter simple effect of their analysis (the experimental group and control group) also significantly; further analysis showed that: different groups were tested on the studied the project results of the analysis of variance significant, bait and unrelated items of key results of the analysis of variance were not significant for different project types for post-hoc analysis found no significant differences.
By experiment 1 and experiment 2 of this study reached the following conclusions: the main effect of sustained attention to the task significant item type main effect significant, sustained attention to tasks and project type interaction significant, simple effect analysis of their interactions were also significant; However, the type of post-mortem analysis of the project was no significant difference.
实验一中,操纵持续性注意任务和项目类型作为实验变量,研究了不同组别(实验组和控制组)被试对三种项目类型(学过项目、关键诱饵、无关项)的再认情况。结果发现:持续性注意任务主效应显著,项目类型主效应显著,二者交互作用显著,对其交互作用进行简单效应分析的结果也为显著,其中实验组和控制组差异均显著。进一步分析表明:实验组被试对学过项目的正确再认率高于控制组被试,且方差分析结果显著,而对关键诱饵和无关项的方差分析结果不显著,对不同项目类型进行事后比较分析发现差异均不显著。
实验二在实验一的基础上进一步考察了分配性注意任务(一位数的加法)对错误记忆的影响。其结果也发现:持续性注意任务和项目类型主效应均显著,二者交互作用显著,后对其进行简单效应分析(实验组和控制组)也为显著;进一步分析表明:不同被试组对学过项目的方差分析结果显著,对关键诱饵和无关项的方差分析结果均不显著,对不同项目类型进行事后比较分析发现差异均不显著。
通过实验一和实验二本研究得出如下结论:持续性注意任务主效应显著,项目类型主效应显著,持续性注意任务和项目类型交互作用显著,对其交互作用的简单效应分析也为显著,但是对项目类型的事后分析差异均不显著。
False Memory in the recent has become an important research direction, the ample data show that the false memory is real and very strong. In the paper, a brief review of false memory research process, and then its main theoretical models and research paradigms, briefly, following that, based on the current status of the study, special attention to the perspective of putting forward false memory research. Specifically,the respective control tasks and the allocation of attention to continuity of attention to tasks, and learning project combining research. The experimental results obtained are consistent with previous results of similar studies in support of active- monitoring theory and source monitoring theory.
Experiment 1, the manipulation of sustained attention to tasks and project type as the experimental variable effects of different experimental groups (experimental group and control group) were tested on three kinds of item type (studied items, the focus to the bait, regardless of the item) in recognition of . The results found that sustained attention to the task main effect significant, a significant main effect of item type, a significant interaction between the two, its a simple interaction effects analysis, the results also significant, in which the experimental group and control group were significantly higher; and further analysis showed that the Experimental group subjects were studied items on the correct recognition rate was higher than the control group were tested and the results of the analysis of variance significant, while the bait and unrelated items of key results of the analysis of variance were not significant for different project types found in a comparative analysis of ex post differences were not significant.
In Experiment 2, on the basis of the experiment 1 further examine the distribution of attention to task (1-digit addition) on the false memory effects.The results also found that: sustained attention to tasks and the main effect of item type were significant, a significant interaction between the two, the latter simple effect of their analysis (the experimental group and control group) also significantly; further analysis showed that: different groups were tested on the studied the project results of the analysis of variance significant, bait and unrelated items of key results of the analysis of variance were not significant for different project types for post-hoc analysis found no significant differences.
By experiment 1 and experiment 2 of this study reached the following conclusions: the main effect of sustained attention to the task significant item type main effect significant, sustained attention to tasks and project type interaction significant, simple effect analysis of their interactions were also significant; However, the type of post-mortem analysis of the project was no significant difference.
引文
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