特种野猪适宜能量、蛋白质需要量的研究
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摘要
为了充分发挥特种野猪的杂交优势,通过研究生长期特种野猪的能量和蛋白质营养需要量参数,筛选出一个经济效益较好的能量和蛋白质搭配的饲料配方,以期为科学饲养提供理论依据和生产指导。
试验一特种野猪对不同能量和粗蛋白质水平日粮的营养参数需要量的研究试验。
本研究选择54头50日龄50%野猪血缘健康的断奶特种野猪为试验用猪(平均体重为7.92±0.609kg):以NRC(1998)和中国饲养标准(2004)瘦肉型猪营养需要推荐量为参考,日粮能量水平分为三个12.76MJ.DE/kg、13.17MJ.DE/kg,13.6MJ.DE/kg;蛋白水平分为三个14%、16%、18%。采用3×3完全随机试验设计,按照公母比例和体重随机分为9个处理,每个处理2个重复,每个重复3头猪,组间差异不显著,预饲期7天,正饲期85天;研究了九种不同能量和蛋白质水平的日粮在舍饲条件下,特种野猪生长期的能量和蛋白质营养需要量。
试验结果表明:
1.不同能量水平对日粮消化率的影响:对于总能、粗蛋白、干物质,高能组和中能组比低能组分别提高3.66%和2.55%(P＜0.05),3.26%和1.29%(P＜0.05);3.01%和1.74%。不同蛋白水平对日粮消化率的影响:对于总能、粗蛋白、干物质,高蛋白组和中蛋白组比低蛋白组分别提高1.95%和1.36%(P＜0.05);2.01%(P＜0.05)和0.7%;1.55%(P＜0.05)和0.92%。
2.不同能量水平日粮对特种野猪生长性能的表现,对于平均末重中能组显著高于高能与低能组分别为1.40kg、1.44kg(P＜0.05),对于平均日增重中能组显著高于低能组0.16kg(P＜0.05),对于平均日采食量,高能组显著低于中能、低能组分别为0.01kg、0.053kg(P＜0.05),对于料重比,高能、中能组显著低于低能组分别为0.22(P＜0.05)。不同粗蛋白水平日粮对特种野猪生长性能的表现,对于平均日采食量,低蛋水平显著高于高蛋、中蛋水平0.031kg、0.023kg(P＜0.05),对于料重比,低蛋水平显著高于高蛋、中蛋水平0.18、0.11(P＜0.05)。
3.不同能量水平日粮对特种野猪血液生化指标的影响,血液葡萄糖(GLU),血清甘油三酯(TG),血清总胆固醇(T-Cho)高能水平和中能水平比低能水平分别提高1.18mmol/L和0.38mmol/L、0.18mmol/L和0.04mmol/L、0.16mmol/L和0.02mmol/L;三水平差异都显著(P＜0.05),不同粗蛋白水平日粮对特种野猪血液生化指标的影响,对于血清总蛋白(TP)、血清白蛋白(Alb)、血清尿素N(BUN)高蛋白水平和中蛋白水平比低蛋白水平分别提高11.73g/L(P＜0.05)和7.64g/L、4.33g/L和2.03g/L(P＜0.05),6.23mmol/L(P＜0.05)和1.45mmol/L(P＜0.05)。
试验二特种野猪生长期屠宰性能的研究
选择每组内体重接近平均体重的健康杂交公猪1只,通过测定屠宰率、净肉率、系水力、嫩度等指标,衡量特种野猪的生产水平和肉质。
试验结果表明:1.不同能量水平日粮对特种野猪生长期屠宰性能的影响,对脂肪含量、瘦肉率、嫩度,高能水平比中、低能水平分别提高6.64%和8.16%;下降2.5%和3.23%,提高0.91和1.61;高能水平与中、低能水平差异显著(P＜0.05)。对背膘厚、系水力、大理石纹,高能水平比低能水平提高0.41cm;,提高0.19,提高0.53;高能水平与低能水平差异显著(P＜0.05)。2.不同粗蛋白水平日粮对特种野猪生长期屠宰性能的影响,瘦肉率、眼肌面积,高蛋白水平比低蛋白水平提高3.6%;提高2.1;差异显著(P＜0.05)。嫩度、肌肉纤维,高蛋白水平比中蛋、低蛋白水平分别提高1.42和2.2;提高13.67um和27um,(P＜0.05)。
综上所述,日粮消化能在13.17MJ.DE/kg和粗蛋白在16%水平有一个较好的生产性能,更能适应广西特种野猪的营养需要。
In order to bring boars heterosis fully into play, with the experiment of wave energy and protein nutritional requirements parameters of growing period strain boars, to screen a better economic efficiency and the appropriate levels of energy and protein, in order to offer the scientific theoretical basis and provide production guidance.
Experiment 1: Protein and energy requirement of strain wild boar.
Fifty-four growing strain wild boarweaned at the age of 50 days with mean body weight of (8.924±0.609kg) were used to Study, and both feed energy and protein divides 3 levels based on recommendation of nutrients requirements of lean type growing-finishing pigs NRC(1998) and Chinese(2004): energy levels 12.76MJ.DE/kg,13.17MJ.DE/kg,13.6 MJ DE/kg; protein levels: 14%,16%,18%. 3×3 cross classification design was used, and divides 9 treatment, every treatment divides 2 duplication, and each treatment has no significant difference. Every feeding period was 92days ,including 7 days prefeeding and 85 days collecting samples, study the energy and protein requirements of stall-feeding Strain wild boarfed the nine different diets.
The results showed that:
1. The effect to diet digestibility of different energy level: the total energy, crude protein,dry matter,high-energy group and that group than in the low-energy group increased by 3.66% and 2.55% (P<0.05) , by 3.26% and 1.29% (P <0.05), by 3.01% and 1.74%. Different levels of dietary protein digestibility of: the total energy, crude protein,dry matter, high-protein group and the protein group than in the low-protein group were increased by 1.95% and 1.36% (P <0.05), by 2.01% (P <0.05) and 0.7%; by 1.55% (P <0.05) and 0.92%.
2.The effect of different energy level to growth performance of strain wild boar performance: the average end weight, high-energy level and the level than in the low energy levels can be increased by 1.40 kg and 1.44 kg (P <0.05), The average daily weight gain, high energy level and the level than in the low energy levels can be increased by 0.16kg (P <0.05); Feed/Gain, high, medium to low energy levels than the reduced level of 0.22(P <0.05). The effect of different protein level to growth performance of strain wild boar performance: the average feed intake,low-protein levels is significantly higher than high-protein by 0.031kg and 0.023kg(P<0.05),Feed/Gain, low-protein level is significantly higher than high-protein and mid-protein by 0.18,0.11(P <0.05).
3.The effect of different energy level to blood biochemical indicators of strain wild boar performance: blood glucose (GLU), serum triglyceride (TG), total serum cholesterol (T-Cho), high energy level and the level than in the low energy levels increased by 1.18mmol/L and 0.38mmol/L, 0.18mmol / L And 0.04mmol/L, 0.16mmol/L and 0.02mmol/L;three levels has significantly difference(P<0.05),
The effect of different protein level to blood biochemical indicators of strain boar. performance: serum total protein (TP), serum albumin (Alb), blood urea N (BUN),high-protein levels than low levels-protein levels increased by 11.73g/L (P<0.05) and 7.64g/L, 4.33g/L and 2.03g/L (P<0.05) , 6.23mmol/L (P<0.05) and 1.45mmol/L (P<0.05) .
Experiment 2: slaughter capability of growing strain wild boar.
One weight close to the average weight strain wild boar were selected, By measuring the slaughter rate, net-flesh rate, tenderness, and other indicators to measure the strain wild boar meat and its production level.
The results showed that:
1.The effect to slaughter capability of different energy level: fat content, The lean meat rate, The tenderness, high energy level is higher than mid energy and low energy levels by 6.64% and 8.16%, by 2.5% and 3.23%, by 0.91% and 1.61%.and High energy level and low energy levels has significantly difference (P<0.05),The backfat thickness,tenderness,marbling,high energy level is higher than low energy levels by 0.41cm,by 0.19%,by 0.53,and has significant difference.
2. The effect to slaughter capability of different protein level: The Lean meat percentage,Ocular flesh area,high protein level is higher than low protein levels by 3.6%, by 2.1%,and has significant difference, The tenderness, muscle fiber, high-protein level higher than mid energy and low energy levels by 1.42% and 2.2%, by 13.67um and 27um.
Sum up the experiment, while treatment of DE is 13.17MJ.DE/kg and CP is 16%, the production performance is better, which also meets the nutrition needs of Guangxi strain wild boar nutritional needs.
试验一特种野猪对不同能量和粗蛋白质水平日粮的营养参数需要量的研究试验。
本研究选择54头50日龄50%野猪血缘健康的断奶特种野猪为试验用猪(平均体重为7.92±0.609kg):以NRC(1998)和中国饲养标准(2004)瘦肉型猪营养需要推荐量为参考,日粮能量水平分为三个12.76MJ.DE/kg、13.17MJ.DE/kg,13.6MJ.DE/kg;蛋白水平分为三个14%、16%、18%。采用3×3完全随机试验设计,按照公母比例和体重随机分为9个处理,每个处理2个重复,每个重复3头猪,组间差异不显著,预饲期7天,正饲期85天;研究了九种不同能量和蛋白质水平的日粮在舍饲条件下,特种野猪生长期的能量和蛋白质营养需要量。
试验结果表明:
1.不同能量水平对日粮消化率的影响:对于总能、粗蛋白、干物质,高能组和中能组比低能组分别提高3.66%和2.55%(P＜0.05),3.26%和1.29%(P＜0.05);3.01%和1.74%。不同蛋白水平对日粮消化率的影响:对于总能、粗蛋白、干物质,高蛋白组和中蛋白组比低蛋白组分别提高1.95%和1.36%(P＜0.05);2.01%(P＜0.05)和0.7%;1.55%(P＜0.05)和0.92%。
2.不同能量水平日粮对特种野猪生长性能的表现,对于平均末重中能组显著高于高能与低能组分别为1.40kg、1.44kg(P＜0.05),对于平均日增重中能组显著高于低能组0.16kg(P＜0.05),对于平均日采食量,高能组显著低于中能、低能组分别为0.01kg、0.053kg(P＜0.05),对于料重比,高能、中能组显著低于低能组分别为0.22(P＜0.05)。不同粗蛋白水平日粮对特种野猪生长性能的表现,对于平均日采食量,低蛋水平显著高于高蛋、中蛋水平0.031kg、0.023kg(P＜0.05),对于料重比,低蛋水平显著高于高蛋、中蛋水平0.18、0.11(P＜0.05)。
3.不同能量水平日粮对特种野猪血液生化指标的影响,血液葡萄糖(GLU),血清甘油三酯(TG),血清总胆固醇(T-Cho)高能水平和中能水平比低能水平分别提高1.18mmol/L和0.38mmol/L、0.18mmol/L和0.04mmol/L、0.16mmol/L和0.02mmol/L;三水平差异都显著(P＜0.05),不同粗蛋白水平日粮对特种野猪血液生化指标的影响,对于血清总蛋白(TP)、血清白蛋白(Alb)、血清尿素N(BUN)高蛋白水平和中蛋白水平比低蛋白水平分别提高11.73g/L(P＜0.05)和7.64g/L、4.33g/L和2.03g/L(P＜0.05),6.23mmol/L(P＜0.05)和1.45mmol/L(P＜0.05)。
试验二特种野猪生长期屠宰性能的研究
选择每组内体重接近平均体重的健康杂交公猪1只,通过测定屠宰率、净肉率、系水力、嫩度等指标,衡量特种野猪的生产水平和肉质。
试验结果表明:1.不同能量水平日粮对特种野猪生长期屠宰性能的影响,对脂肪含量、瘦肉率、嫩度,高能水平比中、低能水平分别提高6.64%和8.16%;下降2.5%和3.23%,提高0.91和1.61;高能水平与中、低能水平差异显著(P＜0.05)。对背膘厚、系水力、大理石纹,高能水平比低能水平提高0.41cm;,提高0.19,提高0.53;高能水平与低能水平差异显著(P＜0.05)。2.不同粗蛋白水平日粮对特种野猪生长期屠宰性能的影响,瘦肉率、眼肌面积,高蛋白水平比低蛋白水平提高3.6%;提高2.1;差异显著(P＜0.05)。嫩度、肌肉纤维,高蛋白水平比中蛋、低蛋白水平分别提高1.42和2.2;提高13.67um和27um,(P＜0.05)。
综上所述,日粮消化能在13.17MJ.DE/kg和粗蛋白在16%水平有一个较好的生产性能,更能适应广西特种野猪的营养需要。
In order to bring boars heterosis fully into play, with the experiment of wave energy and protein nutritional requirements parameters of growing period strain boars, to screen a better economic efficiency and the appropriate levels of energy and protein, in order to offer the scientific theoretical basis and provide production guidance.
Experiment 1: Protein and energy requirement of strain wild boar.
Fifty-four growing strain wild boarweaned at the age of 50 days with mean body weight of (8.924±0.609kg) were used to Study, and both feed energy and protein divides 3 levels based on recommendation of nutrients requirements of lean type growing-finishing pigs NRC(1998) and Chinese(2004): energy levels 12.76MJ.DE/kg,13.17MJ.DE/kg,13.6 MJ DE/kg; protein levels: 14%,16%,18%. 3×3 cross classification design was used, and divides 9 treatment, every treatment divides 2 duplication, and each treatment has no significant difference. Every feeding period was 92days ,including 7 days prefeeding and 85 days collecting samples, study the energy and protein requirements of stall-feeding Strain wild boarfed the nine different diets.
The results showed that:
1. The effect to diet digestibility of different energy level: the total energy, crude protein,dry matter,high-energy group and that group than in the low-energy group increased by 3.66% and 2.55% (P<0.05) , by 3.26% and 1.29% (P <0.05), by 3.01% and 1.74%. Different levels of dietary protein digestibility of: the total energy, crude protein,dry matter, high-protein group and the protein group than in the low-protein group were increased by 1.95% and 1.36% (P <0.05), by 2.01% (P <0.05) and 0.7%; by 1.55% (P <0.05) and 0.92%.
2.The effect of different energy level to growth performance of strain wild boar performance: the average end weight, high-energy level and the level than in the low energy levels can be increased by 1.40 kg and 1.44 kg (P <0.05), The average daily weight gain, high energy level and the level than in the low energy levels can be increased by 0.16kg (P <0.05); Feed/Gain, high, medium to low energy levels than the reduced level of 0.22(P <0.05). The effect of different protein level to growth performance of strain wild boar performance: the average feed intake,low-protein levels is significantly higher than high-protein by 0.031kg and 0.023kg(P<0.05),Feed/Gain, low-protein level is significantly higher than high-protein and mid-protein by 0.18,0.11(P <0.05).
3.The effect of different energy level to blood biochemical indicators of strain wild boar performance: blood glucose (GLU), serum triglyceride (TG), total serum cholesterol (T-Cho), high energy level and the level than in the low energy levels increased by 1.18mmol/L and 0.38mmol/L, 0.18mmol / L And 0.04mmol/L, 0.16mmol/L and 0.02mmol/L;three levels has significantly difference(P<0.05),
The effect of different protein level to blood biochemical indicators of strain boar. performance: serum total protein (TP), serum albumin (Alb), blood urea N (BUN),high-protein levels than low levels-protein levels increased by 11.73g/L (P<0.05) and 7.64g/L, 4.33g/L and 2.03g/L (P<0.05) , 6.23mmol/L (P<0.05) and 1.45mmol/L (P<0.05) .
Experiment 2: slaughter capability of growing strain wild boar.
One weight close to the average weight strain wild boar were selected, By measuring the slaughter rate, net-flesh rate, tenderness, and other indicators to measure the strain wild boar meat and its production level.
The results showed that:
1.The effect to slaughter capability of different energy level: fat content, The lean meat rate, The tenderness, high energy level is higher than mid energy and low energy levels by 6.64% and 8.16%, by 2.5% and 3.23%, by 0.91% and 1.61%.and High energy level and low energy levels has significantly difference (P<0.05),The backfat thickness,tenderness,marbling,high energy level is higher than low energy levels by 0.41cm,by 0.19%,by 0.53,and has significant difference.
2. The effect to slaughter capability of different protein level: The Lean meat percentage,Ocular flesh area,high protein level is higher than low protein levels by 3.6%, by 2.1%,and has significant difference, The tenderness, muscle fiber, high-protein level higher than mid energy and low energy levels by 1.42% and 2.2%, by 13.67um and 27um.
Sum up the experiment, while treatment of DE is 13.17MJ.DE/kg and CP is 16%, the production performance is better, which also meets the nutrition needs of Guangxi strain wild boar nutritional needs.
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