川东二叠系生物礁的地质特征与地震预测技术研究
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摘要
生物礁油气藏是一种典型的岩性油气藏,由于地质特点的多样性和复杂性,使得生物礁的勘探难度很大。在充分调研和技术开发的基础上,针对川东地区二叠系生物礁的地质特点和资料基础,以生物礁气藏为研究对象,从已知井井震响应特征分析出发,通过地震反射结构分析、神经网络波形分类处理、地震属性分析、三维可视化解释、多参数地震反演等多项地震特殊处理和解释方法,建立了生物礁和生物礁储层的判别模式,形成了有针对性的地震勘探配套技术。论文的主要研究内容和关键成果如下:①通过分析地震反射结构变化,有效识别生物礁体的分布范围。生物礁外形多表现为丘状或透镜状凸起,礁内部多表现为断续、杂乱或无反射空白区等特征,在礁体顶部会产生披覆构造,礁翼沉积物向礁体周缘上超现象等。②分析地震波形总体特征变化,针对生物礁所具有的特殊沉积环境、沉积相带和地层结构特点及其在地震上所具有的一些特殊识别特征和标志,利用神经网络技术,通过地震波形分类对地震道形状进行分类,达到生物礁发育相带和分布范围预测的目的。③进行多种地震属性分析,针对生物礁引起的地震信号差异,预测生物礁的分布范围,描述储层的非均质性变化。地震属性分析技术在川东黄龙场三维区生物礁预测中效果良好,生物礁在均方根振幅属性上特征明显。④在川东黄龙场三维解剖区,以地震振幅、相干和振幅频率体为主要属性体进行三维可视化处理和解释,通过多个属性体和多种可视化手段的应用,综合预测和解释出生物礁体的分布范围。⑤在充分分析储层的岩性、电性特征的基础上,选取对岩性区分比较敏感的伽玛、补偿中子和声速三条电测曲线,建立储层地质模型,并与地震信息建立联系,进行多参数综合反演处理和解释,达到岩性识别和储层预测的目的。综合使用伽玛和补偿中子反演结果进行生物礁储层识别和预测,使用声速反演结果研究储层孔隙度等物性变化。地震反射结构分析、神经网络波形分类处理、地震属性和三维可视化解释构成了川东地区二叠系生物礁定性预测和评价的主要技术系列。以伽玛、补偿中子、声波速度为目标曲线的多参数地震反演技术和方法是川东地区二叠系生物礁储层定量预测和物性评价的核心技术。
The reef oil/gas reservoir is a typical lithological oil/gas reservoir, as a result of the geological characteristic multiplicity and complexity, the exploration difficulty of reef reservoir is very big. In the full investigation, study and in the technical development foundation, in view of the reef reservoir's geological characteristics and the data base in Eastern Sichuan basin's Permian system, taking the reef reservoir as the object of study, analyzing the characteristics embarking from the known wells and seismic, through the seismic reflection structure analysis, the neural network waveform classification processing, the seismic attribute analysis, the three dimensional visualization interpretation, the multi-parameters seismic inversion and so on the many items of seismic special processing and interpretation methods, the paper has established reef and reef reservoir's distinction patterns, and formed the necessary seismic exploration technology. The paper's main research contents and the essential achievements are as follows:①Through the analysis of seismic reflection structure, distinguishes the distributed scope of a reef body effectively. The reef's contour is usually dome-shaped or lens shape bulge, the interior of a reef is usually multi-performance for off and on, disorderly or no reflection gap characteristics and so on. It can produce drape-like structure over top of a reef body, a reef flank deposit to the reef body boundary and so on.②Through analyzing of seismic waveform's overall characteristic changes, the special environment of deposition, the sedimentary face belt and the strata structure characteristics and some special recognition clues and signs of a reef on the seismic can be seen. The neural network technology, carries on the classification of seismic waveform, achieved the goal of predicting a reef's growth and distribution scope.③Carries on many kinds of seismic attributes analysis, causes the seismic signal difference in view of the reef, forecast reef's distributed scope, describes reef reservoir's anisotropic change. The seismic attributes analysis technology is effective in Huanglongchang field's 3-D seismic area reef forecast in the Eastern Sichuan. The reef's characteristic is obvious in the root-mean-square amplitude attribute.④In the Huanglongchang field's 3-D seismic dissection area of the Eastern Sichuan, the seismic amplitude, coherence and amplitude-frequency body were used as main attributes to process and explain reefs based on the three dimensional visualization technique, through many attributes and many kinds of visualization methods application, comprehensively forecasts the reef's distributed scope.⑤In the full analysis of reefs reservoir's lithological characters and electrical characters foundation, the gamma, compensation neutron and sonic velocity three electrical measurement curves which are quite sensitive to lithological discrimination were selected to establish the reef reservoir's geology model, and to establish the relation with the seismic information, carried on multi-parameters seismic inversion processing and interpreting, achieved the goal of lithology recognition and reservoir forecast. The gamma and compensation neutron inversion results were carried on the reef reservoir's recognition and forecast, and the sonic velocity inversion result was carried on study of a reef reservoir's porosity. The seismic reflection structure analysis, the neural network waveform classification processing, the seismic attributes interpreting and the three dimensional visualization explanation constituted the Permian reef's qualitative forecast and appraisal main technical series in the Eastern Sichuan. Take the gamma, compensation neutron, sonic velocity as the goal curves multi-parameters seismic inversion technology is the Permian reefs reservoir's quantitative forecast and l appraisal core technologies in the Eastern Sichuan.
The reef oil/gas reservoir is a typical lithological oil/gas reservoir, as a result of the geological characteristic multiplicity and complexity, the exploration difficulty of reef reservoir is very big. In the full investigation, study and in the technical development foundation, in view of the reef reservoir's geological characteristics and the data base in Eastern Sichuan basin's Permian system, taking the reef reservoir as the object of study, analyzing the characteristics embarking from the known wells and seismic, through the seismic reflection structure analysis, the neural network waveform classification processing, the seismic attribute analysis, the three dimensional visualization interpretation, the multi-parameters seismic inversion and so on the many items of seismic special processing and interpretation methods, the paper has established reef and reef reservoir's distinction patterns, and formed the necessary seismic exploration technology. The paper's main research contents and the essential achievements are as follows:①Through the analysis of seismic reflection structure, distinguishes the distributed scope of a reef body effectively. The reef's contour is usually dome-shaped or lens shape bulge, the interior of a reef is usually multi-performance for off and on, disorderly or no reflection gap characteristics and so on. It can produce drape-like structure over top of a reef body, a reef flank deposit to the reef body boundary and so on.②Through analyzing of seismic waveform's overall characteristic changes, the special environment of deposition, the sedimentary face belt and the strata structure characteristics and some special recognition clues and signs of a reef on the seismic can be seen. The neural network technology, carries on the classification of seismic waveform, achieved the goal of predicting a reef's growth and distribution scope.③Carries on many kinds of seismic attributes analysis, causes the seismic signal difference in view of the reef, forecast reef's distributed scope, describes reef reservoir's anisotropic change. The seismic attributes analysis technology is effective in Huanglongchang field's 3-D seismic area reef forecast in the Eastern Sichuan. The reef's characteristic is obvious in the root-mean-square amplitude attribute.④In the Huanglongchang field's 3-D seismic dissection area of the Eastern Sichuan, the seismic amplitude, coherence and amplitude-frequency body were used as main attributes to process and explain reefs based on the three dimensional visualization technique, through many attributes and many kinds of visualization methods application, comprehensively forecasts the reef's distributed scope.⑤In the full analysis of reefs reservoir's lithological characters and electrical characters foundation, the gamma, compensation neutron and sonic velocity three electrical measurement curves which are quite sensitive to lithological discrimination were selected to establish the reef reservoir's geology model, and to establish the relation with the seismic information, carried on multi-parameters seismic inversion processing and interpreting, achieved the goal of lithology recognition and reservoir forecast. The gamma and compensation neutron inversion results were carried on the reef reservoir's recognition and forecast, and the sonic velocity inversion result was carried on study of a reef reservoir's porosity. The seismic reflection structure analysis, the neural network waveform classification processing, the seismic attributes interpreting and the three dimensional visualization explanation constituted the Permian reef's qualitative forecast and appraisal main technical series in the Eastern Sichuan. Take the gamma, compensation neutron, sonic velocity as the goal curves multi-parameters seismic inversion technology is the Permian reefs reservoir's quantitative forecast and l appraisal core technologies in the Eastern Sichuan.
引文
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