AVS视频标准中4×4整数变换基的选择
|
摘要
在过去10年的时间里,多媒体技术得到了长足的发展。今天,视频处理技术已经处于多媒体的核心地位,但是巨大的数字视频数据量,已经成为视频处理的瓶颈,因此,视频压缩编码及标准化已成为当今视频处理发展的关键问题。
我国于2002年6月成立了“数字音视频编解码技术标准工作组”,联合国内从事数字音视频解码技术研发的科研机构和企业,制定具有我国自主知识产权的数字音视频编解码标准——AVS(audio video coding standard)标准。
本文的工作是基于我国自己制定的音视频编码标准AVS(audio video coding standard)开展的。在介绍了视频编解码的基本理论和概念之后,本文首先详细论述了视频标准H.264、AVS的整数变换和量化两项关键技术,并对这两项技术进行了简单的实现,而且比较了H.264和AVS的性能;然后在对视频标准中整数变换做深入研究的基础上,引入了基于能量集中率的变换基变换性能评价方法,以及考虑到计算复杂度,在理论上选出了几组性能较好的4×4整数变换基,之后采用视频序列测试的方法,经过对实验数据的分析不但证明了该理论评价方法的正确性,而且还为国内视频标准AVS选取了比较合理的变换基(1,3,1),进而对国内视频标准AVS应用4×4整数变换奠定了基础;最后在上述结果基础之上,分析了AVS的量化过程,并且实现了AVS的量化优化设计,同样采用视频测试序列进行测试,证明了优化设计后提高了量化效率。
In the past 10 years,multimedia technology has been developed by leaps and bounds. Today,the video processing technology is already in the core of multimedia,but a huge amount of digital data,video processing has become the bottleneck,therefore,the standardization of video compression coding and video processing has become the key issue in the development.
China set up a "Digital Audio Video Coding Standard Working Group" in June 2002,the United Nations to engage in digital audio and video decoding technology developed by research institutions and enterprises,the development of China's independent intellectual property rights with digital audio and video code standard - AVS(audio video coding standard) standard.
This article is based on the development of our own audio and video coding standard AVS (audio video coding standard).After the introduction of the video codec of the basic theories and concepts,this article discusses in detail the video standard H.264,AVS integer transform and quantization of two key technologies,and achieve the two technologies of the performance of H.264 and AVS simply;the study'of video standards in the Integer Transform in-depth, based on the energy concentration at the rate of change of performance-based evaluation,at the same time,taking into account the computational complexity,in theory several groups of performance good 4×4 integer transform was selected,followed by the use of method of video sequences test,after the analysis of experimental data,not only permit the validity of the theoretical evaluation methods,but also for domestic AVS video standard selected for a more reasonable change of base(1,3,1),and for AVS video standard apply 4×4 integer transform; the final,the results bases on the above,the quantitative analysis of the process of AVS and AVS to achieve the optimum design of the quantization,the same test sequence used to test the video to prove that the optimal design can improve the efficiency of the quantification.
我国于2002年6月成立了“数字音视频编解码技术标准工作组”,联合国内从事数字音视频解码技术研发的科研机构和企业,制定具有我国自主知识产权的数字音视频编解码标准——AVS(audio video coding standard)标准。
本文的工作是基于我国自己制定的音视频编码标准AVS(audio video coding standard)开展的。在介绍了视频编解码的基本理论和概念之后,本文首先详细论述了视频标准H.264、AVS的整数变换和量化两项关键技术,并对这两项技术进行了简单的实现,而且比较了H.264和AVS的性能;然后在对视频标准中整数变换做深入研究的基础上,引入了基于能量集中率的变换基变换性能评价方法,以及考虑到计算复杂度,在理论上选出了几组性能较好的4×4整数变换基,之后采用视频序列测试的方法,经过对实验数据的分析不但证明了该理论评价方法的正确性,而且还为国内视频标准AVS选取了比较合理的变换基(1,3,1),进而对国内视频标准AVS应用4×4整数变换奠定了基础;最后在上述结果基础之上,分析了AVS的量化过程,并且实现了AVS的量化优化设计,同样采用视频测试序列进行测试,证明了优化设计后提高了量化效率。
In the past 10 years,multimedia technology has been developed by leaps and bounds. Today,the video processing technology is already in the core of multimedia,but a huge amount of digital data,video processing has become the bottleneck,therefore,the standardization of video compression coding and video processing has become the key issue in the development.
China set up a "Digital Audio Video Coding Standard Working Group" in June 2002,the United Nations to engage in digital audio and video decoding technology developed by research institutions and enterprises,the development of China's independent intellectual property rights with digital audio and video code standard - AVS(audio video coding standard) standard.
This article is based on the development of our own audio and video coding standard AVS (audio video coding standard).After the introduction of the video codec of the basic theories and concepts,this article discusses in detail the video standard H.264,AVS integer transform and quantization of two key technologies,and achieve the two technologies of the performance of H.264 and AVS simply;the study'of video standards in the Integer Transform in-depth, based on the energy concentration at the rate of change of performance-based evaluation,at the same time,taking into account the computational complexity,in theory several groups of performance good 4×4 integer transform was selected,followed by the use of method of video sequences test,after the analysis of experimental data,not only permit the validity of the theoretical evaluation methods,but also for domestic AVS video standard selected for a more reasonable change of base(1,3,1),and for AVS video standard apply 4×4 integer transform; the final,the results bases on the above,the quantitative analysis of the process of AVS and AVS to achieve the optimum design of the quantization,the same test sequence used to test the video to prove that the optimal design can improve the efficiency of the quantification.
引文
[20]张剑.基于4×4离散余弦变换的H.264量化算法[J].微型机与应用:2004年第9期.
[21]楼剑,陆亮,董杰.H.264变换和量化分析[J].浙江大学学报:2004,38(5).
[22]王嵩,薛全,张颖,陈建乐.H.264视频编码新标准及性能分析[J].电视技术:2003,No.6:25-26.
[23]Seo Kwang-deok,Kim Jae-kyoon.Fast motion vector refinement for MPEG-1 to MPEG-4transcoding with spatialdown-sampling in DCT domain[J].Image Processing,Internat Conf.2001.1,469-472.
[24]尹明,王宏远.VC-1视频编码技术研究[J].电视技术:2005年第11期.
[25]刘峰著.视频图像编码技术及国际标准[M].北京:北京邮电人学出版社,2005.
[26]毕厚杰等编著.新一代视频压缩编码标准[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,2005.5.
[27]虞嚣.AVS-视频技术概述[J].浙江大学中国多媒体视讯:2004-03-08.
[28]AVS Standard Proposes[Z].http://www.AVS.org.cn.
[29]查日勇,余兆明.数字电视传输中的关键技术[J].中国多媒体视讯.2003年.第4期.28-29.
[30]Draft of Advanced Audio Video Coding - Part 2:Video,AVS-NI063,2003.
[31]Draft ITU-T recommendation and final draft international standard of oint video sepcfication(ITU-T c.H.264/ISOAEC 14496-10 AVCJVTC050.2003.
[32]ISO/IEC 13818-2/ITU-T Recommendation H.262.Generic Coding of Moving Pictures and Associated Audio Information - Part 2:Video,2000.
[33]信息技术:先进音视频编码,第二部分:视频AVS_N 1063,2003年12月.
[34]楼剑.浙江人学通信与信息工程研究所,AVS8×8整数变换的改进[J],AVS M1101,2003.7.
[35]楼剑,虞露.浙江人学通信与信息工程研究所,量化的改进[J],AVS_M1151,2003.10.
[36]郑玉,刘文杰,高文.AVS整数DCT变换和量化方法的设计和实现[J].淮海工学院学报(自然科学版):Vol.15 No.3.
[37]王钢.8×8整数DCT/IDCT变换算法研究[J].试验科学与技术:2006,(4).
[38]周漩,余松煜,张文军.一种适用于低码率图像压缩的运动估计算法[J].上海交通大学学报,1998,32(4).
[39]Zhu Shan,Ma Kaikuang.A New Diamond-search Algorithm for Fast Block Matching Motion Estimation[J].IEEE Transactions on Image Processing,1999,9(2):287-290.
[40]Zhu Le,Lin Xiao,Chau L P,et al.A Novel Hexagon-based Search Algorithm for Fast Block Motion Estimation[C]//Proc.of IEEE International Conference on Acoustic,Speech,Signal.Salt Lake:Is.n.],2001:1593-1596.
[41]王中元,胡瑞敏,田纲,李明整数DCT变换中变换基的通用生成算法[J].通讯和计算机:Oct.2006,Volume3,No.10.
[42]田晓华,朱光喜,王曜.一种类DCT的8×8整数变换[J].中国图形图像学报:2004.
[43]何芸.JVT工作组与H.264/AVC[J].中国多媒体视讯.2003年03月.第1期.14-16.
[44]lain E.G.Richardson.H.264 and MPEG-4 Video Compression[D],IEEE Trans.IT,2003.
[45]郑翔等.JVT草案中I均核心技术综述[J].软件学报:2004.1,Vol.21 No.1.
[46]Jianfeng Xu;Zhibo Chen;Yun He,Efficient Fast ME Predictions and Early-termination Strategy Based on n.264 Statistical Characters,IEEE Trans.IT,2003:218-222.
[47]Hye-Yeon Cheong Tourapis,Alexis Michael Tourapis,Fast Motion Estimation Within The H.264 Codec,IEEE Trans.IT,2003:517-520.
[48]倪伟,郭宝龙.陈龙潭,冯宗哲.H.264变换编码和量化算法的研究[J].计算机工程与应用,2004,No.3:33-36.
[49]蒋汉琪,朱秀昌,H.264编码器中插值运算和单数变换的优化[J],南京邮电学院学报,2005.6,Vol.25,No.3.
[50]田晓华,视频变换编码的研究及其在AVS中的快速实现[[D]:[硕士学位论文]。武汉:华中科技大学.
[21]楼剑,陆亮,董杰.H.264变换和量化分析[J].浙江大学学报:2004,38(5).
[22]王嵩,薛全,张颖,陈建乐.H.264视频编码新标准及性能分析[J].电视技术:2003,No.6:25-26.
[23]Seo Kwang-deok,Kim Jae-kyoon.Fast motion vector refinement for MPEG-1 to MPEG-4transcoding with spatialdown-sampling in DCT domain[J].Image Processing,Internat Conf.2001.1,469-472.
[24]尹明,王宏远.VC-1视频编码技术研究[J].电视技术:2005年第11期.
[25]刘峰著.视频图像编码技术及国际标准[M].北京:北京邮电人学出版社,2005.
[26]毕厚杰等编著.新一代视频压缩编码标准[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,2005.5.
[27]虞嚣.AVS-视频技术概述[J].浙江大学中国多媒体视讯:2004-03-08.
[28]AVS Standard Proposes[Z].http://www.AVS.org.cn.
[29]查日勇,余兆明.数字电视传输中的关键技术[J].中国多媒体视讯.2003年.第4期.28-29.
[30]Draft of Advanced Audio Video Coding - Part 2:Video,AVS-NI063,2003.
[31]Draft ITU-T recommendation and final draft international standard of oint video sepcfication(ITU-T c.H.264/ISOAEC 14496-10 AVCJVTC050.2003.
[32]ISO/IEC 13818-2/ITU-T Recommendation H.262.Generic Coding of Moving Pictures and Associated Audio Information - Part 2:Video,2000.
[33]信息技术:先进音视频编码,第二部分:视频AVS_N 1063,2003年12月.
[34]楼剑.浙江人学通信与信息工程研究所,AVS8×8整数变换的改进[J],AVS M1101,2003.7.
[35]楼剑,虞露.浙江人学通信与信息工程研究所,量化的改进[J],AVS_M1151,2003.10.
[36]郑玉,刘文杰,高文.AVS整数DCT变换和量化方法的设计和实现[J].淮海工学院学报(自然科学版):Vol.15 No.3.
[37]王钢.8×8整数DCT/IDCT变换算法研究[J].试验科学与技术:2006,(4).
[38]周漩,余松煜,张文军.一种适用于低码率图像压缩的运动估计算法[J].上海交通大学学报,1998,32(4).
[39]Zhu Shan,Ma Kaikuang.A New Diamond-search Algorithm for Fast Block Matching Motion Estimation[J].IEEE Transactions on Image Processing,1999,9(2):287-290.
[40]Zhu Le,Lin Xiao,Chau L P,et al.A Novel Hexagon-based Search Algorithm for Fast Block Motion Estimation[C]//Proc.of IEEE International Conference on Acoustic,Speech,Signal.Salt Lake:Is.n.],2001:1593-1596.
[41]王中元,胡瑞敏,田纲,李明整数DCT变换中变换基的通用生成算法[J].通讯和计算机:Oct.2006,Volume3,No.10.
[42]田晓华,朱光喜,王曜.一种类DCT的8×8整数变换[J].中国图形图像学报:2004.
[43]何芸.JVT工作组与H.264/AVC[J].中国多媒体视讯.2003年03月.第1期.14-16.
[44]lain E.G.Richardson.H.264 and MPEG-4 Video Compression[D],IEEE Trans.IT,2003.
[45]郑翔等.JVT草案中I均核心技术综述[J].软件学报:2004.1,Vol.21 No.1.
[46]Jianfeng Xu;Zhibo Chen;Yun He,Efficient Fast ME Predictions and Early-termination Strategy Based on n.264 Statistical Characters,IEEE Trans.IT,2003:218-222.
[47]Hye-Yeon Cheong Tourapis,Alexis Michael Tourapis,Fast Motion Estimation Within The H.264 Codec,IEEE Trans.IT,2003:517-520.
[48]倪伟,郭宝龙.陈龙潭,冯宗哲.H.264变换编码和量化算法的研究[J].计算机工程与应用,2004,No.3:33-36.
[49]蒋汉琪,朱秀昌,H.264编码器中插值运算和单数变换的优化[J],南京邮电学院学报,2005.6,Vol.25,No.3.
[50]田晓华,视频变换编码的研究及其在AVS中的快速实现[[D]:[硕士学位论文]。武汉:华中科技大学.