电网公司经营效率评价研究
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摘要
效率是企业发展和改革的核心,建立有实用价值的电网公司经营效率评价体系,可以为电网公司的发展给出正确、客观、合理的策略和决策参考。本文根据国家电网公司建设“一强三优”现代企业的发展目标,并参照国内外电力管制进行效率评价时的常用指标,在我国同业对标的指标基础之上建立了分层分类的指标体系;接着综合运用模糊层次分析方法、数据包络分析方法、曼奎斯特生产率指数方法构建了评价体系,并对体系中的评价模型作了改进;最后运用评价体系对10个电网公司进行了实证分析,分别应用效率评价中的基本模型和改进模型对经营效率进行了综合评价与分析,经比较,改进模型的计算结果更为准确,并对结果提出了改善建议。
Efficiency is the key of enterprise’s reform and development, so bring forward a valuable efficiency evaluating system of Grid Corporations can make some correct and objective and reasonable referrences on strategy and policy-making for the development of Grid Corporations. The paper according to the the“one strong and three excellent”development aims of State Grid Corporation, based on the benchmarking index system of Grid Corporations and consulted the index system in foreign electric power regulation, we can set up a new reasonable index system. And then, using the data envelopment analysis model combined with the fuzzy analytic hierarchy process model and Malmquist productivity index model to design the evaluating system. Furthermore, the evaluating models in this system are ameliorated. Finally, the evaluating system is used to evaluate 10 Grid Corporations’efficiency, and use the basic model and ameliorative model distinctively to evaluate and analyse the efficiencies, after compared, the computed results of the ameliorative model are more accurate, and put forward the improvement proposals to the results for grid corporations.
Efficiency is the key of enterprise’s reform and development, so bring forward a valuable efficiency evaluating system of Grid Corporations can make some correct and objective and reasonable referrences on strategy and policy-making for the development of Grid Corporations. The paper according to the the“one strong and three excellent”development aims of State Grid Corporation, based on the benchmarking index system of Grid Corporations and consulted the index system in foreign electric power regulation, we can set up a new reasonable index system. And then, using the data envelopment analysis model combined with the fuzzy analytic hierarchy process model and Malmquist productivity index model to design the evaluating system. Furthermore, the evaluating models in this system are ameliorated. Finally, the evaluating system is used to evaluate 10 Grid Corporations’efficiency, and use the basic model and ameliorative model distinctively to evaluate and analyse the efficiencies, after compared, the computed results of the ameliorative model are more accurate, and put forward the improvement proposals to the results for grid corporations.
引文
[1]王国顺.企业经营效率:概念、来源及关系[J].中南大学学报,2002,(3):224- 228.
[2]Farrell M.J. The measurement of productive efficiency.Journal of Royal Statistical Society,Series A,General,1957,120,253- 281.
[3]Forsund F R,Lovell CAK,Schmidt P.A survey of frontier production functions and their relationship to efficiency measurement [J].Journal of Econometrics,1980,(13):5- 25.
[4]罗斯基,马斯G.经济效率与经济效益[M].经济研究,1993,(6):38- 40.
[5]田永峰.企业理论演进、效率的“再分解”与企业制度功能的扩展[J].河南社会科学,2006,14(4):35- 38.
[6]周清杰.企业边界:基于动态效率的分析[J].财经科学,2006,10,40- 46.
[7]陈敬学.中国国有商业银行效率研究[D].华中科技大学,2006.
[8]Charnes,A.,Cooper WW,E.Rhodes.Measuring the efficiency of decision making units.European Journal of Operational Research,1978,(2):429- 444.
[9]Fare,R.,S.Grosskopf,C.A.Knox Lovell.The measurement of efficiency of production.Boston:Kluwer-Nijhoff,1985.
[10]徐琼.技术效率与前沿面理论评述[J].财经论丛,2005,29-34.
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[14]顾蓉.供电企业经营能力评价指标体系及评估模型研究[D].北京:华北电力大学,2006.
[15]陈琼华.综合评价中的赋权方法[J].知识丛林,2004,172(4):118- 119.
[16]Van P J,Aarhoven M,Pedrycz W.A Fuzzy Extension of Saaty’s Priority Theory [J].Fuzzy Sets and Systems,1993,11(3):229- 241.
[17]Kao,C.;Hune, H.T. Data envelopment analysis with common weights:the compromise solution approach [J].Journal of the Operational Research Society,2005, 56(10):1196-1203.
[18]陈衍泰,陈国宏,李美娟.综合评价方法分类及研究进展[J].管理科学学报,2004,7,(2):69- 79.
[19]Soleimani-damaneh,M.;Jahanshahloo,G.R.;Abbasbandy,S.Computational and theoretical pitfalls in some current performance measurement techniques; and a new approach [J].Applied Mathematics and Computation (New York),2006,10,181(2): 1199- 1207.
[20]Saati, S.;Memariani, A.Reducing weight flexibility in fuzzy DEA [J].Applied Mathematics and Computation,2005,161(2):611-622.
[21]Garcia,P.A.A.;Schirru,R.;Frutuoso e Melo,P.F .A fuzzy data envelopment analysis approach for FMEA [J]. Progress in Nuclear Energy,2005,46(3-4):359- 373.
[22]Liu,Chih-Ming;Hsu,Hen-Shen;Wang,Shen-Tsu;Lee,Hai-Kun ,A performance evaluation model based on AHP and DEA [J].Source:Journal of the Chinese Institute of Industrial Engineers,2005,5,2211(3):243- 251.
[23]Ramanathan,Ramakrishnan. Data envelopment analysis for weight derivation and aggregation in the analytic hierarchy process [J].Source:Computers and Operations Research,2006,5,332211(5):1289- 1307.
[24]陶利萍,李宏余.基于DEA的动态综合评价模型与应用[J].研究与发展管理,2005,17(1):33- 36.
[25]Delp,D.Si, J.Hwang,Y.Pei,B.A dynamic system regulation measure for increasing effective capacity:the X-factor theory [J].IEEE, 2003, 81-87.
[26]庞瑞芝.我国主要沿海港口的动态效率评价[J].经济研究,2006,(6):92- 100.
[27]白雪洁,戴小辉.基于DEA模型的中国主要轿车企业生产效率分析[J].财经研究,2006,32(2):35- 47.
[28]Jha, D.K.Shrestha,R.Measuring Efficiency of Hydropower Plants in Nepal Using Data Envelopment Analysis [J].Power Systems,IEEE,2006,11,21(4):1502- 1511.
[29]Tanure, J.E.Pd.S.Tahan , C.M.V.Lima , J.W.M.Establishing quality performance of distribution companies based on yardstick regulation[J].Power Systems, IEEE,2006,8,21(3):1148- 1153.
[30]Ajodhia,Virendra.Petrov , Konstantin.Establishment of cap regulation and determination of efficiency factor X for electricity networks [J].European Transactions on Electrical Power,,2004,14(2):97- 109.
[31]Pahwa,A.Xiaoming Feng.Lubkeman,D.Performance evaluation of electric distribution utilities based on data envelopment analysis [J].Power Systems, IEEE,2003,2,18(1):400- 405.
[32]Sanhueza,R.Rudnick, H.Discussion of "Performance evaluation of electric distribution utilities based on data envelopment analysis"[J].Power Systems,IEEE,1818(3):1220.
[33]Thakur,Tripta.Performance Evaluation of Indian Electric Power Utilities Based on Data Envelopment Analysis [J].Power Electronics,Drives and Energy Systems,2006。12,PEDES '06.International Conference on Dec.2006,1- 4.
[34]Lassila , J.Viljainen , S.Honkapuro , S.Partanen , J.Investments in the benchmarking of the distribution network companies [J].Proceedings of the 2004 IEEE International Conference on Electric Utility Deregulation, Restructuring and Power Technologies, 2004,2:445- 450.
[35]ChyanYang.Wen-Min Lu.Assessing the performance and finding the benchmarks of the electricity distribution districts of Taiwan power company [J].Power Systems, IEEE,2005,5,21(2):853- 861.
[36]Chen-Fu Chien.Feng-Yu Lo.Lin, J.T.Using DEA to measure the relative efficiency of the service center and improve operation efficiency through reorganization[J].Power Systems,IEEE,2003,2,18(1):366- 373.
[37]Wang Jing-min.Chen Li-rong.Using DEA to measure the relative efficiency of DSM implementation [J].Power System Technology,2006,Power Con 2006,International Conference on Oct,2006,1- 7.
[38]Ghaderi,S.F.Azadeh,,M.A.Omrani,H.An Integrated DEA-COLS-PCA Model for Performance Assessment and Optimization of Electricity Distribution Units [J].Industrial Informatics,2006 IEEE International Conference on Aug.,2006,236-241.
[39]赵会茹,赵名璐,乞建勋.基于DEA技术的输配电价格管制研究[J].数量经济技术经济研究,2005,(10):110- 119.
[40]杨世兴.激励性管制与中国电力产业管制改革研究[D].重庆:重庆大学产业经济学,2003.
[41]王丹燕.宜昌市供电公司运营效率及激励性规制机制研究[D].武汉大学,2006.
[42]何茂艳.我国电力产业管制改革与区域间比较竞争管制应用研究[D].北京:华北电力大学,2006.
[43]秦世亮.基于DEA和SFA的中国区域发电和供电效率研究[D].西安:西安交通大学,2003.
[44]王金祥,吴育华.基于超效率DEA模型的电力公司效率评价[J].东北电力学院学报,2003,25(4):22- 25.
[2]Farrell M.J. The measurement of productive efficiency.Journal of Royal Statistical Society,Series A,General,1957,120,253- 281.
[3]Forsund F R,Lovell CAK,Schmidt P.A survey of frontier production functions and their relationship to efficiency measurement [J].Journal of Econometrics,1980,(13):5- 25.
[4]罗斯基,马斯G.经济效率与经济效益[M].经济研究,1993,(6):38- 40.
[5]田永峰.企业理论演进、效率的“再分解”与企业制度功能的扩展[J].河南社会科学,2006,14(4):35- 38.
[6]周清杰.企业边界:基于动态效率的分析[J].财经科学,2006,10,40- 46.
[7]陈敬学.中国国有商业银行效率研究[D].华中科技大学,2006.
[8]Charnes,A.,Cooper WW,E.Rhodes.Measuring the efficiency of decision making units.European Journal of Operational Research,1978,(2):429- 444.
[9]Fare,R.,S.Grosskopf,C.A.Knox Lovell.The measurement of efficiency of production.Boston:Kluwer-Nijhoff,1985.
[10]徐琼.技术效率与前沿面理论评述[J].财经论丛,2005,29-34.
[11]国家电网公司创一流同业对标指标体系(第三版)[M].2006,7.
[12]国家电网公司创一流同业对标工作管理办法[S].2005,10. http://www.china95598.com/News/dllaw/2006-2/4/122356380.htm.
[13]李令开.标杆管理在国家电网公司的应用.2006. http://www.teamdo.com.cn/Html/jzhzl/2006/1-30/20060130949.htm.
[14]顾蓉.供电企业经营能力评价指标体系及评估模型研究[D].北京:华北电力大学,2006.
[15]陈琼华.综合评价中的赋权方法[J].知识丛林,2004,172(4):118- 119.
[16]Van P J,Aarhoven M,Pedrycz W.A Fuzzy Extension of Saaty’s Priority Theory [J].Fuzzy Sets and Systems,1993,11(3):229- 241.
[17]Kao,C.;Hune, H.T. Data envelopment analysis with common weights:the compromise solution approach [J].Journal of the Operational Research Society,2005, 56(10):1196-1203.
[18]陈衍泰,陈国宏,李美娟.综合评价方法分类及研究进展[J].管理科学学报,2004,7,(2):69- 79.
[19]Soleimani-damaneh,M.;Jahanshahloo,G.R.;Abbasbandy,S.Computational and theoretical pitfalls in some current performance measurement techniques; and a new approach [J].Applied Mathematics and Computation (New York),2006,10,181(2): 1199- 1207.
[20]Saati, S.;Memariani, A.Reducing weight flexibility in fuzzy DEA [J].Applied Mathematics and Computation,2005,161(2):611-622.
[21]Garcia,P.A.A.;Schirru,R.;Frutuoso e Melo,P.F .A fuzzy data envelopment analysis approach for FMEA [J]. Progress in Nuclear Energy,2005,46(3-4):359- 373.
[22]Liu,Chih-Ming;Hsu,Hen-Shen;Wang,Shen-Tsu;Lee,Hai-Kun ,A performance evaluation model based on AHP and DEA [J].Source:Journal of the Chinese Institute of Industrial Engineers,2005,5,2211(3):243- 251.
[23]Ramanathan,Ramakrishnan. Data envelopment analysis for weight derivation and aggregation in the analytic hierarchy process [J].Source:Computers and Operations Research,2006,5,332211(5):1289- 1307.
[24]陶利萍,李宏余.基于DEA的动态综合评价模型与应用[J].研究与发展管理,2005,17(1):33- 36.
[25]Delp,D.Si, J.Hwang,Y.Pei,B.A dynamic system regulation measure for increasing effective capacity:the X-factor theory [J].IEEE, 2003, 81-87.
[26]庞瑞芝.我国主要沿海港口的动态效率评价[J].经济研究,2006,(6):92- 100.
[27]白雪洁,戴小辉.基于DEA模型的中国主要轿车企业生产效率分析[J].财经研究,2006,32(2):35- 47.
[28]Jha, D.K.Shrestha,R.Measuring Efficiency of Hydropower Plants in Nepal Using Data Envelopment Analysis [J].Power Systems,IEEE,2006,11,21(4):1502- 1511.
[29]Tanure, J.E.Pd.S.Tahan , C.M.V.Lima , J.W.M.Establishing quality performance of distribution companies based on yardstick regulation[J].Power Systems, IEEE,2006,8,21(3):1148- 1153.
[30]Ajodhia,Virendra.Petrov , Konstantin.Establishment of cap regulation and determination of efficiency factor X for electricity networks [J].European Transactions on Electrical Power,,2004,14(2):97- 109.
[31]Pahwa,A.Xiaoming Feng.Lubkeman,D.Performance evaluation of electric distribution utilities based on data envelopment analysis [J].Power Systems, IEEE,2003,2,18(1):400- 405.
[32]Sanhueza,R.Rudnick, H.Discussion of "Performance evaluation of electric distribution utilities based on data envelopment analysis"[J].Power Systems,IEEE,1818(3):1220.
[33]Thakur,Tripta.Performance Evaluation of Indian Electric Power Utilities Based on Data Envelopment Analysis [J].Power Electronics,Drives and Energy Systems,2006。12,PEDES '06.International Conference on Dec.2006,1- 4.
[34]Lassila , J.Viljainen , S.Honkapuro , S.Partanen , J.Investments in the benchmarking of the distribution network companies [J].Proceedings of the 2004 IEEE International Conference on Electric Utility Deregulation, Restructuring and Power Technologies, 2004,2:445- 450.
[35]ChyanYang.Wen-Min Lu.Assessing the performance and finding the benchmarks of the electricity distribution districts of Taiwan power company [J].Power Systems, IEEE,2005,5,21(2):853- 861.
[36]Chen-Fu Chien.Feng-Yu Lo.Lin, J.T.Using DEA to measure the relative efficiency of the service center and improve operation efficiency through reorganization[J].Power Systems,IEEE,2003,2,18(1):366- 373.
[37]Wang Jing-min.Chen Li-rong.Using DEA to measure the relative efficiency of DSM implementation [J].Power System Technology,2006,Power Con 2006,International Conference on Oct,2006,1- 7.
[38]Ghaderi,S.F.Azadeh,,M.A.Omrani,H.An Integrated DEA-COLS-PCA Model for Performance Assessment and Optimization of Electricity Distribution Units [J].Industrial Informatics,2006 IEEE International Conference on Aug.,2006,236-241.
[39]赵会茹,赵名璐,乞建勋.基于DEA技术的输配电价格管制研究[J].数量经济技术经济研究,2005,(10):110- 119.
[40]杨世兴.激励性管制与中国电力产业管制改革研究[D].重庆:重庆大学产业经济学,2003.
[41]王丹燕.宜昌市供电公司运营效率及激励性规制机制研究[D].武汉大学,2006.
[42]何茂艳.我国电力产业管制改革与区域间比较竞争管制应用研究[D].北京:华北电力大学,2006.
[43]秦世亮.基于DEA和SFA的中国区域发电和供电效率研究[D].西安:西安交通大学,2003.
[44]王金祥,吴育华.基于超效率DEA模型的电力公司效率评价[J].东北电力学院学报,2003,25(4):22- 25.