WCDMA UE链路接入及解码去复用的实现研究
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摘要
目前,WCDMA作为第三代(3G)移动通信系统的主流标准之一,已经在全世界范围内得到广泛应用。为了实现WCDMA手机基带芯片的自主研发,避免我国的移动终端产品在核心技术受制于人,本文对WCDMA终端物理层基带处理实现的若干问题进行了研究,完成了相应模块的开发。
本文的主要工作有:
1.提出了一种基于双次AI检测的WCDMA随机接入实现方法,实验结果表明该方法可明显提高多径延迟环境下的接入成功率。
2.提出了一种基于CORDIC算法的WCDMA自动频偏补偿方案,仿真结果表明了该方案的有效性。
3.考虑到软件处理动态寻址灵活,提出了一种基于寻址操作的数据序列处理方法,简化了WCDMA下行解码去复用实现流程,并开发了解码去复用模块。
Nowadays, as one of the mainstream 3G standards, WCDMA system has been widely used. In order to develop baseband chips, this thesis studies some issues of baseband processing in WCDMA UE, and accomplishes the development of the corresponding modules.
The main work of this thesis includes:
1. A realization approach is proposed of WCDMA random access procedure based on double AI check.
2. An efficient automatic frequency offset compensation method is proposed based on CORDIC algorithm.
3. Considering that software processing can address dynamically and smartly, a data sequence processing approach is proposed which simplifies WCDMA downlink decoding/de-multiplexing process.
本文的主要工作有:
1.提出了一种基于双次AI检测的WCDMA随机接入实现方法,实验结果表明该方法可明显提高多径延迟环境下的接入成功率。
2.提出了一种基于CORDIC算法的WCDMA自动频偏补偿方案,仿真结果表明了该方案的有效性。
3.考虑到软件处理动态寻址灵活,提出了一种基于寻址操作的数据序列处理方法,简化了WCDMA下行解码去复用实现流程,并开发了解码去复用模块。
Nowadays, as one of the mainstream 3G standards, WCDMA system has been widely used. In order to develop baseband chips, this thesis studies some issues of baseband processing in WCDMA UE, and accomplishes the development of the corresponding modules.
The main work of this thesis includes:
1. A realization approach is proposed of WCDMA random access procedure based on double AI check.
2. An efficient automatic frequency offset compensation method is proposed based on CORDIC algorithm.
3. Considering that software processing can address dynamically and smartly, a data sequence processing approach is proposed which simplifies WCDMA downlink decoding/de-multiplexing process.
引文
[1]宋挥师,张平.WCDMA系统中下行链路业务复用的DSP快速实现方案[J].无线通信技术,2003,12(2):5-9.
[2]王莹,刘宝玲.WCDMA无线网络规划与优化[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,2007.
[3]Ishii H,Hanaki A,Imamura Y,et al.Effects of UE capabilities on high speed downlink packet access in WCDMA systems[C]//2004 IEEE 59th Vehicular Technology Conference,VTC2004-Spring:Towards a GIob -al Wireless World.New Jersey:Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.,2004:2077-2085.
[4]徐卓琳.3G发展全球现状及中国需求分析[J].通讯世界,2003,9(2):72-73.
[5]Proakital.Digital Communications[M].5~(th) ed.NewYork:McGraw-Hill,1999.
[6]张平,王卫东,陶小峰等.WCDMA移动通信系统[M].第二版.北京:人民邮电出版社,2004.
[7]Dahlman E,Beming P,Knutsson J,et al.WCDMA-the radio interface for future mobile multimedia communications[J].IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology,1998,47(4):1105-1118.
[8]Honkasalo H.Overview of harmonized WCDMA[C]//Proceedings-IEEE International Conference on Third Generation Wireless Communications.[S.I.]:Delson Group Inc,2000:454-459.
[9]Zhao J H,Zhang G A,Ye Z Z.Joint iterative channel estimation and decoding for WCDMA system[J].IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference.2004,60(7):5195-5198.
[10]王学龙.WCDMA移动通讯技术[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2004.
[11]于澄,詹菲等.WCDMA系统物理层设计[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,2005:102-105.
[12]3rd Generation Partnership Project.Technical Specification 25.212:Multiplexing and channel coding(FDD)[S/OL].2002.http://www.3gpp.org/ftp/Specs.
[13]姜波.WCDMA关键技术详解[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,2008.
[14]RudolfT,Jason W.WCDMA原理与开发设计[M].叶银法等,译.北京:机械工业出版社,2007.
[15]Frigon J F,Eltawil A M,Daneshrad B,et al.Simulation,implementation and performance evaluation of a diversity enabled WCDMA mobile terminal[J].Wireless Personal Communications,2007,43(4):1101-1112.
[16]罗凌,焦元媛,陆冰.第三代移动通讯技术与业务[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,2005.
[17]Frigon J F,Eltawil A M,Grayver E,et al.Design and implementation of a baseband WCDMA dual-antenna mobile terminal[J].IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I:Regular Papers,2007,54(3):518-529.
[18]陈良萍.WCDMA原理及工程实现[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2007.
[19]阮铭.WCDMA高速信道译码器研究与实现[D].上海:上海交通大学,2001.
[20]3rd Generation Partnership Project.Technical Specification 25.211:Physical Channels and mapping of transport channels onto physical channels(FDD)[S/OL].2002.http://www.3gpp.org/ftp/Specs.
[21]程乃平,任宁飞,吕金飞.高动态扩频信号的载波跟踪技术研究[J].电子学报.2003,31(12A):2147-2150.
[22]杨小牛,陆安南,金飚.宽带数字接收机[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2002.
[23]Lank G,Reed I.A semicoherent detection and Doppler estimation statistic[J].IEEE Trans on Aerospace and Electronics Systems,1973,9(2):151-165.
[24]Liu C L,Djen W S,Feher K.A Low-cost Dual-mode Non-coherent Receiver with Robust Frequency-offset Compensation[C].Vehicular Technology Conference,1993 IEEE 43rd,1993:412-415.
[25]刘凌.数字信号处理的FPGA实现[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2006,6.
[26]Parkvall S,Englund E,Lundevall M,et al.Evolving 3G mobile systems:Broadband and broadcast services in WCDMA[J].IEEE Communications Magazine,2006,44(2):68-74.
[27]刘景玮.WCDMA系统中上行链路信道编码与复用的研究与实现[D].辽宁:大连海事大学,2005:1.
[28]刘东明.3G移动终端:3G时代的移动终端发展[J].世界电信,2007,20(9):8-11.
[29]Tomiyori Y,Ogoro K,Hirata M,et al.Development of WCDMA mobile terminal "FOMA N2001"[J].NEC Research and Development,2001,42(4):360-365.
[30]宋燕辉.第三代移动通信技术[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,2009.
[31]黄劲波,邵世煌.一种有效的WCDMA信道编解码任务调度方案研究[J].微计算机信息,2005,21(11Z),95-97.
[32]Holma H,Toskala A.Evolution of WCDMA Radio Evolution[M]// Wireless Communications Systems and Netwoks.New York:Springer US,2006:71-82.
[33]王锦山.移动终端基带芯片设计发展现状及趋势分析[J].移动通信,2007,31(10):34-37.
[34]Shenoyt S P,Ghauri I,Slock D T M.Chip-sparsification and symbolequalization for WCDMA downlink[C]//IEEE International Symposium on Personal,Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications,PIMRC.New Jersey:Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers lnc,2008.
[35]Holma H,ToskalaA.WCDMA技术与系统设计[M].陈泽强等,译.北京:机械工业出版社,2005.
[36]Huang C J,Ma H P.A WCDMA/HSDPA baseband processor[C]// Proceedings - IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems.New Jersey:IEEE,2006:4519-4522.
[37]谭艺枝.WCDMA系统中自动频偏校正的DSP实现[J].电脑知识与技术,2007(26).
[38]Chang B J,Chen M X,Hwang R H,et al.Single code-based dynamic grouping with cycle interleaving algorithm for reducing waste rate in WCDMA cellular networks[J].IEICE Transactions on Communications,2006,E89-B(12): 3306-3318.
[39]宋挥师,张平.WCDMA系统中下行链路第一次交织算法的DSP快速实现方案[J].电子产品世界,2002(08B):53-55.
[40]Perillo R,Tralli V,Zorzi M.Effects of discontinuous transmission on the performance of a WCDMA cellular system[J].IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology,2004,53(5):1387-1399.
[41]谢一宁,宋文涛.WCDMA速率匹配算法分析[J].电子学报,2001,29(10):1401-1404.
[42]张治,王檀.WCDMA系统解速率匹配的DSP快速实现[J].半导体技术,2003,28(1):49-52.
[43]Sohn I,Bang S C.Performance studies of rate matching for WCDMA mobile receiver[C]//IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference.New Jersey:IEEE,2000:2661-2665.
[44]张宗橙.纠错编码原理和应用[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2003.
[45]易志强,徐元欣.Viterbi译码原理及参数性能分析[J].杭州电子工业学院学报,2000,20(6):40-42.
[46]Azim C F,Monir S M G.Implementation of Viterbi decoder for WCDMA system[C]//2005 Pakistan Section Multitopic Conference,INMIC.New Jersey:IEEE,2005.
[47]Zhang P,Bi G G,You X H.An effective simplifying scheme for Viterbi decoder[C]//2004 IEEE 60th Vehicular Technology Conference,VTC2004-Fall:Wireless Technologies for Global Security.New Jersey:IEEE,2005:1363-1366.
[48]刘东华.Turbo码原理与应用技术[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2004.
[49]袁剑锋,王伟.Turbo解码的算法改进及其定点仿真[J].计算机仿真,2005,22(8):91-94.
[50]Drajic D,Hooli K,Juntti M.Turbo coding with equalization in WCDMA downlink[J].Wireless Personal Communications,2004,28(4):259-276.
[51]Wang Z F,Zhang Y P,Parhi K K.Study of early stopping criteria for turbo decoding and their applications in WCDMA systems[C]//ICASSP,IEEE International Conference on Acoustics,Speech and Signal Processing-Proceedings.New Jersey:IEEE,2006.
[52]陈壮奕.CRC校验的C语言实现[J].计算技术与自动化,2001(zl):257-261.
[53]Shieh S L,Kuo S T,Chen P N,et al.Strategies for blind transport format detection using cyclic redundancy check in UMTS WCDMA[C]//2005 IEEE International Conference on Wireless and Mobile Computing,Networking and Communications,WiMob'2005.New Jersey:IEEE,2005.
[54]3rd Generation Partnership Project.Technical Specification 25.213:Spreading and modulation(FDD)[S/OL].2002.http://www.3gpp.org/ftp/Specs.
[55]3rd Generation Partnership Project.Technical Specification 25.214:Physical layer procedures(FDD)[S/OL].2002.http://www.3gpp.org/ftp/Specs.
[56]3rd Generation Partnership Project.Technical Specification 25.215:Physical layer-Measurements(FDD)[S/OL].2002.http://www.3gpp.org/ftp/Specs.
[57]Tso B J,Shen F,Ming Y T.Para-CORDIC:Parallel CORDIC Rotation Algorithm[J].IEEE.2004,5 1(8):1515-1524.
[58]徐国库,陈禾.基于CORDIC算法的坐标转换电路的FPGA实现[J].微电子技术,2005,225(10):108-110.
[59]Harju L,Nurmi J.A synchronization coprocessor architecture for WCDMA/OFDM mobile terminal implementations[C]//2005 International Symposium on System-on-Chip,Proceedings.New Jersey:IEEE,2005.
[60]Zhang Z P,Heiser F,Lerzer J,et al.Advanced baseband technology in third-generation radio base stations[J].Ericsson Review(English Edition),2003,80(1):32-41.
[61]申毅,杨震.基于ZSP500的高效程序优化设计[J].计算机与信息技术,2007(5).
[62]3rd Generation Partnership Project.Technical Specification 34.123-1:User Equipment(UE) conformance specification;Part 1:Protocol conformance specification[S/OL].2002.http://www.3gpp.org/ftp/Specs
[2]王莹,刘宝玲.WCDMA无线网络规划与优化[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,2007.
[3]Ishii H,Hanaki A,Imamura Y,et al.Effects of UE capabilities on high speed downlink packet access in WCDMA systems[C]//2004 IEEE 59th Vehicular Technology Conference,VTC2004-Spring:Towards a GIob -al Wireless World.New Jersey:Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.,2004:2077-2085.
[4]徐卓琳.3G发展全球现状及中国需求分析[J].通讯世界,2003,9(2):72-73.
[5]Proakital.Digital Communications[M].5~(th) ed.NewYork:McGraw-Hill,1999.
[6]张平,王卫东,陶小峰等.WCDMA移动通信系统[M].第二版.北京:人民邮电出版社,2004.
[7]Dahlman E,Beming P,Knutsson J,et al.WCDMA-the radio interface for future mobile multimedia communications[J].IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology,1998,47(4):1105-1118.
[8]Honkasalo H.Overview of harmonized WCDMA[C]//Proceedings-IEEE International Conference on Third Generation Wireless Communications.[S.I.]:Delson Group Inc,2000:454-459.
[9]Zhao J H,Zhang G A,Ye Z Z.Joint iterative channel estimation and decoding for WCDMA system[J].IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference.2004,60(7):5195-5198.
[10]王学龙.WCDMA移动通讯技术[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2004.
[11]于澄,詹菲等.WCDMA系统物理层设计[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,2005:102-105.
[12]3rd Generation Partnership Project.Technical Specification 25.212:Multiplexing and channel coding(FDD)[S/OL].2002.http://www.3gpp.org/ftp/Specs.
[13]姜波.WCDMA关键技术详解[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,2008.
[14]RudolfT,Jason W.WCDMA原理与开发设计[M].叶银法等,译.北京:机械工业出版社,2007.
[15]Frigon J F,Eltawil A M,Daneshrad B,et al.Simulation,implementation and performance evaluation of a diversity enabled WCDMA mobile terminal[J].Wireless Personal Communications,2007,43(4):1101-1112.
[16]罗凌,焦元媛,陆冰.第三代移动通讯技术与业务[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,2005.
[17]Frigon J F,Eltawil A M,Grayver E,et al.Design and implementation of a baseband WCDMA dual-antenna mobile terminal[J].IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I:Regular Papers,2007,54(3):518-529.
[18]陈良萍.WCDMA原理及工程实现[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2007.
[19]阮铭.WCDMA高速信道译码器研究与实现[D].上海:上海交通大学,2001.
[20]3rd Generation Partnership Project.Technical Specification 25.211:Physical Channels and mapping of transport channels onto physical channels(FDD)[S/OL].2002.http://www.3gpp.org/ftp/Specs.
[21]程乃平,任宁飞,吕金飞.高动态扩频信号的载波跟踪技术研究[J].电子学报.2003,31(12A):2147-2150.
[22]杨小牛,陆安南,金飚.宽带数字接收机[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2002.
[23]Lank G,Reed I.A semicoherent detection and Doppler estimation statistic[J].IEEE Trans on Aerospace and Electronics Systems,1973,9(2):151-165.
[24]Liu C L,Djen W S,Feher K.A Low-cost Dual-mode Non-coherent Receiver with Robust Frequency-offset Compensation[C].Vehicular Technology Conference,1993 IEEE 43rd,1993:412-415.
[25]刘凌.数字信号处理的FPGA实现[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2006,6.
[26]Parkvall S,Englund E,Lundevall M,et al.Evolving 3G mobile systems:Broadband and broadcast services in WCDMA[J].IEEE Communications Magazine,2006,44(2):68-74.
[27]刘景玮.WCDMA系统中上行链路信道编码与复用的研究与实现[D].辽宁:大连海事大学,2005:1.
[28]刘东明.3G移动终端:3G时代的移动终端发展[J].世界电信,2007,20(9):8-11.
[29]Tomiyori Y,Ogoro K,Hirata M,et al.Development of WCDMA mobile terminal "FOMA N2001"[J].NEC Research and Development,2001,42(4):360-365.
[30]宋燕辉.第三代移动通信技术[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,2009.
[31]黄劲波,邵世煌.一种有效的WCDMA信道编解码任务调度方案研究[J].微计算机信息,2005,21(11Z),95-97.
[32]Holma H,Toskala A.Evolution of WCDMA Radio Evolution[M]// Wireless Communications Systems and Netwoks.New York:Springer US,2006:71-82.
[33]王锦山.移动终端基带芯片设计发展现状及趋势分析[J].移动通信,2007,31(10):34-37.
[34]Shenoyt S P,Ghauri I,Slock D T M.Chip-sparsification and symbolequalization for WCDMA downlink[C]//IEEE International Symposium on Personal,Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications,PIMRC.New Jersey:Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers lnc,2008.
[35]Holma H,ToskalaA.WCDMA技术与系统设计[M].陈泽强等,译.北京:机械工业出版社,2005.
[36]Huang C J,Ma H P.A WCDMA/HSDPA baseband processor[C]// Proceedings - IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems.New Jersey:IEEE,2006:4519-4522.
[37]谭艺枝.WCDMA系统中自动频偏校正的DSP实现[J].电脑知识与技术,2007(26).
[38]Chang B J,Chen M X,Hwang R H,et al.Single code-based dynamic grouping with cycle interleaving algorithm for reducing waste rate in WCDMA cellular networks[J].IEICE Transactions on Communications,2006,E89-B(12): 3306-3318.
[39]宋挥师,张平.WCDMA系统中下行链路第一次交织算法的DSP快速实现方案[J].电子产品世界,2002(08B):53-55.
[40]Perillo R,Tralli V,Zorzi M.Effects of discontinuous transmission on the performance of a WCDMA cellular system[J].IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology,2004,53(5):1387-1399.
[41]谢一宁,宋文涛.WCDMA速率匹配算法分析[J].电子学报,2001,29(10):1401-1404.
[42]张治,王檀.WCDMA系统解速率匹配的DSP快速实现[J].半导体技术,2003,28(1):49-52.
[43]Sohn I,Bang S C.Performance studies of rate matching for WCDMA mobile receiver[C]//IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference.New Jersey:IEEE,2000:2661-2665.
[44]张宗橙.纠错编码原理和应用[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2003.
[45]易志强,徐元欣.Viterbi译码原理及参数性能分析[J].杭州电子工业学院学报,2000,20(6):40-42.
[46]Azim C F,Monir S M G.Implementation of Viterbi decoder for WCDMA system[C]//2005 Pakistan Section Multitopic Conference,INMIC.New Jersey:IEEE,2005.
[47]Zhang P,Bi G G,You X H.An effective simplifying scheme for Viterbi decoder[C]//2004 IEEE 60th Vehicular Technology Conference,VTC2004-Fall:Wireless Technologies for Global Security.New Jersey:IEEE,2005:1363-1366.
[48]刘东华.Turbo码原理与应用技术[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2004.
[49]袁剑锋,王伟.Turbo解码的算法改进及其定点仿真[J].计算机仿真,2005,22(8):91-94.
[50]Drajic D,Hooli K,Juntti M.Turbo coding with equalization in WCDMA downlink[J].Wireless Personal Communications,2004,28(4):259-276.
[51]Wang Z F,Zhang Y P,Parhi K K.Study of early stopping criteria for turbo decoding and their applications in WCDMA systems[C]//ICASSP,IEEE International Conference on Acoustics,Speech and Signal Processing-Proceedings.New Jersey:IEEE,2006.
[52]陈壮奕.CRC校验的C语言实现[J].计算技术与自动化,2001(zl):257-261.
[53]Shieh S L,Kuo S T,Chen P N,et al.Strategies for blind transport format detection using cyclic redundancy check in UMTS WCDMA[C]//2005 IEEE International Conference on Wireless and Mobile Computing,Networking and Communications,WiMob'2005.New Jersey:IEEE,2005.
[54]3rd Generation Partnership Project.Technical Specification 25.213:Spreading and modulation(FDD)[S/OL].2002.http://www.3gpp.org/ftp/Specs.
[55]3rd Generation Partnership Project.Technical Specification 25.214:Physical layer procedures(FDD)[S/OL].2002.http://www.3gpp.org/ftp/Specs.
[56]3rd Generation Partnership Project.Technical Specification 25.215:Physical layer-Measurements(FDD)[S/OL].2002.http://www.3gpp.org/ftp/Specs.
[57]Tso B J,Shen F,Ming Y T.Para-CORDIC:Parallel CORDIC Rotation Algorithm[J].IEEE.2004,5 1(8):1515-1524.
[58]徐国库,陈禾.基于CORDIC算法的坐标转换电路的FPGA实现[J].微电子技术,2005,225(10):108-110.
[59]Harju L,Nurmi J.A synchronization coprocessor architecture for WCDMA/OFDM mobile terminal implementations[C]//2005 International Symposium on System-on-Chip,Proceedings.New Jersey:IEEE,2005.
[60]Zhang Z P,Heiser F,Lerzer J,et al.Advanced baseband technology in third-generation radio base stations[J].Ericsson Review(English Edition),2003,80(1):32-41.
[61]申毅,杨震.基于ZSP500的高效程序优化设计[J].计算机与信息技术,2007(5).
[62]3rd Generation Partnership Project.Technical Specification 34.123-1:User Equipment(UE) conformance specification;Part 1:Protocol conformance specification[S/OL].2002.http://www.3gpp.org/ftp/Specs