烟草中几类致香物质的色谱—质谱联用分析研究
|
摘要
烟草香味是评价烟草质量的一个重要指标,因此研究烟草中的致香成分对于提高烟草品质、监控卷烟质量具有重要的意义。但是在卷烟的生产、加工和储存过程中,许多常规香精香料均存在挥发性强、易升华和留香不持久等问题,对卷烟产品的风格及质量稳定不利。而潜香物质的应用是一个很好的解决途径,潜香物质的开发和应用是目前烟草香精香料研究的一个重要内容。因此,有必要对烟草中的潜香物质进行系统研究,更多的了解这些物质,使之更加充分的发挥作用。
本论文的研究内容主要有四个方面：
1.烟草挥发油的提取及气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)分析。同时蒸馏萃取法提取香料烟和烤烟的挥发油,用GC-MS对其进行检测,并对两种烟叶的挥发油进行比较。分别鉴定出45和42种化合物,占精油总量的89.4%和93.7%。两种挥发油主要成分为烷烃类、酸类、醛酮类、醇类和烯类,共有13种物质完全相同。
2.糖苷、糖酯的提取和分离纯化。以糖苷和糖酯的得率为指标,分别对两类物质的提取溶剂、时间、料液比和提取次数进行考察,得到最佳的提取条件。并用AmberliteXAD-2和Sephadex LH-20树脂柱对两类物质进行初步分离提纯。
3.糖苷、糖酯的高效液相色谱-质谱联用(HPLC-ESI-MS)分析。以甲醇和水为流动相,采用高效液相色谱-质谱法分析烟草提取物中5种糖苷类化合物,得到五种物质的分子量信息,并用电喷雾质谱(ESI-MSn)对糖苷的结构进行进行了进一步研究；HPLC-ESI-MS联用技术对香料烟烟叶中糖酯类物质进行了分离分析,初步鉴定出7种糖酯,同时也对其分子结构进行初步分析。
4.糖苷、糖酯的裂解-气相色谱-质谱(PY-GC-MS)研究。模拟吸烟过程,在特定温度下对烟草提取物快速裂解采样,采用在线PY-GC-MS技术,对烟草糖苷、糖酯的热裂解行为进行了研究,并分析了裂解过程中产生的主要致香成分。
The aroma of tobacco is one of the most important factors in evaluation of it quality, so the research of tobacco aroma constituents for improving and monitoring the quality of cigarette is significant. Because conventional flavors are easy to volatile and sublimation, fragrance can not last long, which is great disadvantage for keeping the style and quality of tobacco in its production, processing and storage. Flavor precursors can solve this problem. The development and application of flavor precursors are an important part in the study of tobacco flavors. Therefore, it is necessary to research these substances, learn more about these substances, and make it full use in tobacco. Following four investigations of work were done.
1. Extraction and GC-MS analysis of essential oil. Volatile oil of spice tobacco and flue-cured tobacco are obtained by simultaneous distillation-solvent extraction. Following, the essential oil is analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.45 and 42 components in two kinds of essential oil were identified separately, constituting approximately 89.4% and 93.7% of the oil. The main components of volatile oil are hydrocarbons, acids, aldehydes, ketones, alcohols and alkenes. Totally,13 kinds of compounds of two essential oils are identical.
2. Extraction and Purification of the glycosides and sucrose esters. Based on the amount of extracted glycosides and sucrose esters, we studied the extraction solvent, time, solid to liquid ratio and extraction times, at last obtained the best extraction conditions. After extraction, glycosides were efficiently separated by chromatography on AmberliteXAD-2 column, and sucrose esters were well separated by SephadexLH-20 resin column.
3. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of glycosides and sucrose esters. With high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry(LC-MS), five glycosides were well separated on C18 column with mixtures of methanol and water as mobile phase, and the molecular weight of five glycosides were obtain simultaneously. The structures of the glycosides were further studied by ESI-MSn; the sucrose esters were studied by LC-MS, accurate molecular weights were determined through ESI-MS on-line detection, and fragment of sucrose esters were obtained by off-line analysis.
4. Pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of glycosides and sucrose esters. Simulated smoking process, glycosides and sucrose esters were studied on their thermolysis with a pyrolyser connected directly to a gas chromatograph in specific temperature, and analyzed the flavor and fragrance that the glycosides and sucrose esters produced after the thermolysis.
本论文的研究内容主要有四个方面：
1.烟草挥发油的提取及气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)分析。同时蒸馏萃取法提取香料烟和烤烟的挥发油,用GC-MS对其进行检测,并对两种烟叶的挥发油进行比较。分别鉴定出45和42种化合物,占精油总量的89.4%和93.7%。两种挥发油主要成分为烷烃类、酸类、醛酮类、醇类和烯类,共有13种物质完全相同。
2.糖苷、糖酯的提取和分离纯化。以糖苷和糖酯的得率为指标,分别对两类物质的提取溶剂、时间、料液比和提取次数进行考察,得到最佳的提取条件。并用AmberliteXAD-2和Sephadex LH-20树脂柱对两类物质进行初步分离提纯。
3.糖苷、糖酯的高效液相色谱-质谱联用(HPLC-ESI-MS)分析。以甲醇和水为流动相,采用高效液相色谱-质谱法分析烟草提取物中5种糖苷类化合物,得到五种物质的分子量信息,并用电喷雾质谱(ESI-MSn)对糖苷的结构进行进行了进一步研究；HPLC-ESI-MS联用技术对香料烟烟叶中糖酯类物质进行了分离分析,初步鉴定出7种糖酯,同时也对其分子结构进行初步分析。
4.糖苷、糖酯的裂解-气相色谱-质谱(PY-GC-MS)研究。模拟吸烟过程,在特定温度下对烟草提取物快速裂解采样,采用在线PY-GC-MS技术,对烟草糖苷、糖酯的热裂解行为进行了研究,并分析了裂解过程中产生的主要致香成分。
The aroma of tobacco is one of the most important factors in evaluation of it quality, so the research of tobacco aroma constituents for improving and monitoring the quality of cigarette is significant. Because conventional flavors are easy to volatile and sublimation, fragrance can not last long, which is great disadvantage for keeping the style and quality of tobacco in its production, processing and storage. Flavor precursors can solve this problem. The development and application of flavor precursors are an important part in the study of tobacco flavors. Therefore, it is necessary to research these substances, learn more about these substances, and make it full use in tobacco. Following four investigations of work were done.
1. Extraction and GC-MS analysis of essential oil. Volatile oil of spice tobacco and flue-cured tobacco are obtained by simultaneous distillation-solvent extraction. Following, the essential oil is analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.45 and 42 components in two kinds of essential oil were identified separately, constituting approximately 89.4% and 93.7% of the oil. The main components of volatile oil are hydrocarbons, acids, aldehydes, ketones, alcohols and alkenes. Totally,13 kinds of compounds of two essential oils are identical.
2. Extraction and Purification of the glycosides and sucrose esters. Based on the amount of extracted glycosides and sucrose esters, we studied the extraction solvent, time, solid to liquid ratio and extraction times, at last obtained the best extraction conditions. After extraction, glycosides were efficiently separated by chromatography on AmberliteXAD-2 column, and sucrose esters were well separated by SephadexLH-20 resin column.
3. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of glycosides and sucrose esters. With high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry(LC-MS), five glycosides were well separated on C18 column with mixtures of methanol and water as mobile phase, and the molecular weight of five glycosides were obtain simultaneously. The structures of the glycosides were further studied by ESI-MSn; the sucrose esters were studied by LC-MS, accurate molecular weights were determined through ESI-MS on-line detection, and fragment of sucrose esters were obtained by off-line analysis.
4. Pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of glycosides and sucrose esters. Simulated smoking process, glycosides and sucrose esters were studied on their thermolysis with a pyrolyser connected directly to a gas chromatograph in specific temperature, and analyzed the flavor and fragrance that the glycosides and sucrose esters produced after the thermolysis.
引文
[1]肖协忠.烟草化学.北京：中国农业科技出版社,1997
[2]戴维斯,尼尔森.烟草生产,化学和技术.国家烟草专卖局科技教育司、中国烟草科技信息中心组织翻译.北京：化学工业出版社,2003
[3]Lloydr A, Miller C W, Roberts D L, et al. Flue-cured tobacco flavor. Essence and essential components. Tobacco Science,1976,20:40-48
[4]Wahlberg I, Karlsson K, Austin D J, et al. Effects of flue-curing and ageing on the volatile, neutral and acidic constituents of virginia tobacco. Phytochemistry,1977 16:1217-1231
[5]周淑平,肖强,陈叶君,等.不同生态地区初烤烟叶中重要致香物质的分析.中国烟草学报,2004,10(1)：9-16
[6]Dabe F. Method of Collection of Smoke for analytical purpose. Rec Adv in Tob Sci,1982,8:42-103
[7]Bernier UR, Carlson DA, Geden CJ. Gas chromatography mass spectrometry analysis of the cuticular hydrocarbons from parasitic wasps of the genus Muscidifurax. Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry,1998,9: 320-332
[8]Diekmann J, Douda M, Rustemeier K. Rapid and sensitive method for the determination of propylene oxide in cigarette mainstream smoke by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Journal of Chromatographic Science,2006, 44:32-34
[9]Darrall KG, Figgins JA, Brown RD. Determination of benzene and associated volatile compounds in mainstream cigarette smoke. Analyst,1998,123: 1095-1101
[10]Zhu GH, Ye GY, Hu C. Development changes of cuticular hydrocarbons in Chrysomya rufifacies larvae:potential for determining larval age. Medical and Veterinary Entomology,2006,20:438-444
[11]Clark TJ, Bunch JE. Determination of volatile acids in tobacco, tea, andcoffee using Derivatization-Purge and trap gas chromatography-selected ion monitoring mass spectrometry. Jounal of Chromatographic Science,1997,35:206-208
[12]Song SQ, Ashley DL. Sample Purification for the analysis of caffeine in tobacco by gas chromatography mass spectrometry. Jounal of Chromatography A,1998, 814:171-180
[13]Ding YS. Determination of 14 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in mainstream smoke from US brand and non-US brand cigarettes. Environ. Sci. Technol,2006, 40:1133-1138
[14]Stabbert R, Sehafer KH, Biefel C. Analysis of aromatic amines in cigarette smoke. Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry,2003,17:2125-2132
[15]Xin HJ, Xie FW, Deng DJ. Determination of N-nitrosonornicotine in tobacco by high performance liquid chromatography-photohydrolysis-pyrolysis-thermal energy analysis. Chinese Journal of Analytical Chemistry,2000,28:436-438
[16]樊虎,盛良全,童红武等.固相萃取-高效液相色谱法测定卷烟主流烟气中的多环芳烃.分析测试学报,2005,1(24)：103-105
[17]易娇,尹笃林,廉世勋等.反相HPLC法同时测定烟草中的6种有机酸.烟草科技,2006,7：36-39
[18]Ciolino LA. Reversed Phase ion-pair liquid chromatographic determination of nicotine in commercial tobacco products. Jounal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry,1999,47:3706-3712
[19]Pang T. Determination of sugars in tobacco leaf by HPLC with evaporative light scattering detection. Journal of Liquid Chromatography & Related Technologies, 2006,29:1281-1289
[20]Li Z. Determination of Phenol and catechol in tobacco leaf by solid Phase extraction and high Performance liquid chromatography. Chinese Journal of Analytical Chemistry,2001,29:1409-1411
[21]陈文,李丹.反相高效液相色谱法测定烟叶中的游离氨基酸.氨基酸和生物资源,2002,8：54-57
[22]Cheng ZY, Yang GY, Miao MM. Study on determination of aromatic amine in mainstream tobacco smoke by on-line solid phase extraction and high performance liquid chromatography. Chinese Journal of Analytical Chemistry, 2006,34:679-682
[23]Chauvaux N, Vandongen W, Esmans EL. Liquid Chromatographic Mass Spectrometric Determination of 1-Aminocyclopropane-1-Carboxylic Acid in Tobacco. Journal of Chromatography A,1993,657:337-343
[24]毛友安,钟科军,魏万之等.液相色谱-串联质谱技术测定卷烟烟气中烟草特有亚硝胺.现代科学仪器,2006,3：88-90
[25]Chen JH, Liu XP, Xu XQ, et al. Rapid determination of total solanesol in tobacco leaf by ultrasound-assisted extraction with RP-HPLC and ESI-TOF/MS. Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis,2007,43:879-885
[26]Moyer TP. Simultaneous analysis of nicotine, nicotine metabolites, and tobacco alkaloids in serum or urine by tandem mass spectrometry, with clinically relevant metabolic profiles. Clinical Chemistry,2002,48:1460-1471
[27]Lafontaine P, Vanier M. Characterization of Cigarette Tobacco by Direct Electrospray Ionization-Ion Trap Mass Spectrometry (ESI-ITMS) Analysis of the Aqueous Extract-A Novel and Simple Approach. Agric Food Chem,2004,52: 7251-7257
[28]Lu X. Characterization of complex hydrocarbons in cigarette smoke condensate by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and comprehensive two dimensional gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Journal of Chromatography A,2004,1043:265-273
[29]Zhu SK. Quantitative determination of compounds in tobacco essential oils by comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography coupled to time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Journal of Chromatography A,2005,1086:107-114
[30]Li HF. Separation and analysis of constituents of acidic compounds in tobacco leaf by using comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Chemical Journal of Chinese Universities,2006,27:612-617
[31]Li HF. Analysis of volatile and semi-volatile alkaline compounds in tobacco leaf by using comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography time-of-flight mass speetrometry. Acta Chimica Sinica,2006,64:1897-1903
[32]胡敏,李晓丽,张声华.不同提纯法精制的银杏叶萃取物中黄酮糖苷的含量分析.食品科学,1998,19(12)：42-45
[33]Schlotzhauer WS, Pair SD, Horvat RJ. Volatile Constituents from the Flowers of Japanese Honeysuckle (Lonicera japonica). Agric Food Chem,1996,44: 206-209
[34]Chyau CC, Tsai SY, Yang JH. The essential oil of Glossogyne tenuifolia. Food Chem,2007,100:808-812
[35]刘百战,徐玉田,孙哲建.加料前后烟草中游离及结合态香味成分的分析研究.烟草学报,1998,4(1)：1-4
[36]陈悦娇,王冬梅,邓炜强等.SDRP和SDE法萃取乌龙茶香气成分的比较研究.中山大学学报,2005,5(44)：275-278
[37]李纯铁,回瑞华,侯东岩.固相萃取GC-MS法分析白酒中的香气成分.质谱学报,2007,2(6)：39-42
[38]Pawliszyn J, Applications of Solid Phase Microextraction, RSC, Cambridge, UK, 1999
[39]廖堃.固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱法分析烟用浸膏挥发性成分.质谱学报,2004,25(4)：225-228
[40]马宇平,岳田利,毛多斌.“湖南毛尖”香味成分的超临界CO2萃取及在烟草中的应用.烟草科技,2006,6：34-34
[41]Lagadec AJM, Miller DJ. Selective extraction of oxygenates from savory and peppermint using subcritical water. Flav Frag,2001,16:64-73
[42]沈霞.复杂体系中痕量组分分离分析研究：(博士学位论文).北京：中国科学技术大学,2007
[43]Sides A, Robards K, Helliwell S. Developments in extraction techniques and their application to analysis of volatiles in foods. Trends Anal Chem,2000,19: 322-329
[44]Rankin SA, Bodyfelt FW. Solvent desorption dynamic headspace method for diacetyl and acetoin in buttermilk. Food Sci,1995,60:1205-1207
[45]Valero E, Miranda E, Sanz J. Automatic thermal desorption in GC analysis of dairy product volatiles. Chromatographia,1997,44:59-64
[46]侯英,杨蕾,王保兴等.应用搅拌棒吸附萃取热脱附-气相色谱-质谱分析烟用香料的化学成分.色谱,2006,24(6)：601-605
[47]Ferhat MA, Tigrine-KordjaniN, Chemat S. Rapid Extraction of Volatile Compounds Using a New Simultaneous Microwave Distillation:Solvent Extraction Device. Chromatographia,2007,65:217
[48]Shen X, Gao Y, Su Q.D. Determination of Organophosphorus Pesticides in Soil by MMSPD-GC-NPD and Confirmation by GC-MS. Flav Frag,2006,21:556
[49]Hachicha SF, Skanji T, Barrek S, et al. Composition of the essential oil of Teucrium ramosissimum Desf. (Lamiaceae) from Tunisia. Flav Frag,2007,22: 101
[50]Sonboli A, Azizian D, Yousefzadi M, et al. Volatile constituents and anlimiciobia) acuity of the essential nil of Tetrataemum iastopetalvm (Apiaccael from Iran Flav Frag,2007,22:119
[51]Ryan D, Shellie R, Casilli A, et al. Analysis of roasted coffee bean volatiles by using comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography-time-of-flight mass spectrometry, Chromatogr A,2004,1054:57-65
[52]Ikeda G, Tomizawa A, Imayoshi Y, et al. Flavor Design of Sesame-flavored Dressing Using Gas Chromatography/Olfactometry and Food Kansei Model. Food Sci and Tech Res,2006,12:261
[53]Stefan R.I, Van Staden JF, Aboul-EneimHY. Analysis of Chiral Drugs with Enantioselective Biosensors. Crit Rev Anal Chem,1999,29:133
[54]Schumacher JN, Carbohydr Res,1970,13:1
[55]Leffingwell JC, Leffingwell D. Chemical and sensory aspects of tobacco flavor. Rec Ady Tob Sci,1988,14:169
[56]Severson RF, Ellington JJ, Schlotzhauer PF, et al. Gas chromatographic method for the determination of free and total solanesol in tobacco. Chromatography A, 1977,2(21):269-282
[57]Severson RF, Arrendale RF, Chortyk OT, et al. Isolation and characterization of the sucrose esters of the cuticular waxes of green tobacco leaf. Agric Food Chem, 1985,33 (5):870-875
[58]Chortyk OK, Pomonis JG, Johnson AW. Synthesis and Characterizations of Insecticidal Sucrose Esters. Agric Food Chem,1996,44:1551-1557
[59]Kawashima N, Gamou K. Leaf surface liquid of tobacco.Ⅱ.Contribution of leaf surface liquid to aroma and taste of tobacco. Bull Utsunomiya Tob Exp Sta,1979, 17:79-84
[60]Schumacher JN, Vestal L. Isolation and identification of some components of Turkish tobacco. Tob Sci,1974,18:43-48
[61]Scblotzbauzer WS, Severson RF, Martin RM. The Contribution of Sucrose Esters to Tobacco Smoke Composition. Beitrage zur Tabakforschung International, 1986,13(5):229-238
[62]Scverson RF. Cuticular constituents of tobacco factors affecting their production and their role in insect and disease resistance and smoke quality. Rec Adv Tob Sci,1985,(11):105-168
[63]Heemann V, Brummer U, Paulsen C. et al. Composition of leaf surface gum of some Nicotiana species and Nicotiana tabacum cultivars. Phyrochemistry 1983, 22(1):133-135
[64]Chang SY, Grunwald C. Duvatrienediols in cuticular wax of Burley tobacco leaves. Lipid Research.1976,17:7-11
[65]Severson RF, Arrendale RF, Chortyk OT, et al. Quantitation of the Major Cuticular Coomponents from Green Leaf of Different Tobacco Types. Agric Food Chem,1984,32:566-570
[66]Lin Y, Wagner GJ. Rapid and simple method for estimation of sugar esters. Agric Food Chem.1994,42:1709-1712
[67]Arrendale RF, Severson RF, Sisson VA. The cuticular sucrose esters from Nicotiana clevelandii. Tob Chem Res Conf,1987,41:44
[68]Noel W, Geofferry W. Estimination of source ester in tobacco by direct chemical ionization mass spectrometry. Agric Food Chem,1984,32:785-789
[69]Khorassani MA, Nazem N, Taylor LT, et al. Separation and identification of sucrose esters from Turkish tobacco using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Contribution to tobacco research.2005:21(7):380-389
[70]M.Ashraf K, Nazem N, Taylor LT. Identification and quantification of sucrose esters in various Turkish tobaccos. Contribution to tobacco research.2005:21(8): 441-450
[71]伍越寰,李伟昶,沈晓明.有机化学.合肥：中国科学技术大学出版社,2002
[72]Kobayashi A, Kubota K. Z-3-Hexenyl-β-D-glucopyranoside in French tea leaves as a precursor of green tea. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem,1994,58:592-593
[73]Jiang LH, Kojima H. Isolation of some glycosides as aroma precursor in young leaves of japanese pepper(Xanthoxylun piperitum DC). Agric Food Chem,2001, 49:5888-5894
[74]Guo W, Sakata K. Geranyl 6-O-β-D-Xylopyranosyl-β-D-glucopyranoside isolated as an aroma precursor from tea leaves for oolong tea. Phytochemictry, 1998,33:1373-1375
[75]Gunata YZ. Diplome Etudes Approfondies, Montpllier University,1981
[76]Green CR, Colby DA, Cooper PJ, et al. Advances in analytical methodology of leaf and smoke. Rec Adv Tob Sci,1980,6:123
[77]Heckman RA, Dube MF, Lynm D, et al. The role of tobacco leaf precursors in cigarette flavor. Rec Adv Tob Sci,1981,7:107
[78]Zhang ZZ, Li YB, Li Q, et al. Antifungal activities of major tea leaf volatile constituents toward Colletorichum camelliae Massea Agric Food Chem,2006,54: 3936
[79]Janusz A, Capone DL, Puglisi CJ, et al. (E)-1-(2,3,6-Trimethylphenyl) buta-1,3-diene:A Potent Grape-Derived Odorant in Wine. Agric Food Chem, 2003,51:7759
[80]Ma SJ, Watanabe N, Yagi A, et al. The (3R,9R)-3-hydroxy-7,8-dihydro-β-ionol disaccharide glycoside is an aroma precursor in tea leaves. Phytochemistry,2001, 56:819-825
[81]Wang DM, Yoshimura T, Kubota K, et al. Qualitative and quantitative analyses of glycosides with aglycons as aroma compounds. Agric Food Chem,2000,48: 5411
[82]Wilson R, Mookherjee BD, Vinals JF.184th Natl ACS Meeting, Kansas City, 1982
[83]Heij HT, Van HM, Renes H, et al, PROC.12th Int. Congr.Flavours, Fragrances and Essential Oils, Vienna,1992,471
[84]史宏志,刘国顺.烟草香味学.北京：中国农业出版社,1998：11-45
[85]毛多斌,马宇平,梅业安.卷烟配方和香精香料.北京：化学工业出版社,2001：89-99
[86]Song Qin, Zheng Yin, Shi Junxiong. Quality Characteristics of Tobacco Leaves with Different Aromatic Styles from Guizhou Province, China. Agricultural Sciences,2007,6:220-226
[87]Sha Yunfei, Deng Chunhui, Liu Baizhan. Development of C18 functionalized magnetic silica nanoparticles as sample preparation technique for the determination of ergosterol in cigarettes by microwave assisted derivatization and gas chromatography mass spectrometry. Chromatogr A,2008,1198:27-33
[88]陈振玲,张浩博,周宛虹等.烟草中3-氧代-α-紫罗兰醇-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷的分离鉴定及其热解产物分析.Tobacco science&Technology,2008,7:28-31
[89]孙凯健,王美琳,沈轶等.溶剂助蒸馏法在烟草香气成分分析中的应用.中国烟草科学,2007,28(2)：23-26
[90]柴家荣,黄成江.白肋烟不同品种香气前体物降解产物及品质的研究.湖南农业大学学报,2006,32(2)：149-153
[91]Hisashi K, Fujimori T, Kunio K. Isolation of a New Terpene Glucoside, 3-Hydroxy-5,6-epoxy-β-ionyl-β-D-glucopyranoside from Flue-cured Tobacco. Agric Biol Chem,1981,45(4):941-944
[92]Hisashi K, Fujimori T, Kunio K. Glucosides of ionone-related compounds in several Nicotina species. Phytochem,1984,23(3):583-585
[93]Hisashi K, Fujimori T, Kunio K. A nor-sesquiterpene glycoside, rishitin-β-sophoroside, from tobacco. Phytochem,1984,23(3):690-692
[94]Green CR, Cobly DA, Copper PJ, et al. Advances in analytical methodology of leaf and smoke. Rec Adv Tob Sci,1980,6:123-183
[95]Heckman RA, Dule MF, River LD. The role of tobacco leaf precursors in cigarette flavor. Rec Adv Tob Sci,1981,7:107-153
[96]Fenn JB, Mann M, Meng CK, et al. Electrospray ionization for mass spectrometry of large biomolecules. Mass spectrom Rev,1990,9:37
[97]Andrews CL, Vouros P, Harsch A. Analysis of DNA adducts using high performance separation techniques coupled to electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Journal of Chromatography A,1999,856:515
[98]Issaq HJ, Janini GM, Chan KC. Sheathless electrospray ionization interfaces for capillary electrophoresis mass spectrometric detection:Advantages and limitations. Journal of Chromatogrophy A,2004,1053:37
[99]Severs JC, Smith RD. Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry. New York: Wiley.1997, Chap 10
[100]Mateus L, Cherkaoui S, Christen P, et al. Capillary electrophoresis-diode array detection-electrospray mass spectrometry for the analysis of selected tropane alkaloids in plant extracts. Electrophoresis,1999,20:3402
[101]Shaffer SA, Tolmachev AV, Prior DC, et al. Characterization of an Improved Electrodynamic Ion Funnel Interface for Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem,1997,71:2957
[102]Belov ME, Gorshkov MV, Udseth HR, et al. Zeptomole-Sensitivity Electrospray Ionization-Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance Mass Spectrometry of Proteins. Am Soc Mass Spectrom,2000,11:19
[103]李宇航,戴海学,李晓蓉等.葛根素的电喷雾电离裂解规律解析.质谱学报,2007,28(4)：224-228
[104]梁琼麟,温华珍,王玉莉等.丹皮药材的高效液相色谱／质谱／质谱研究.分析化学,2005,33：1555-1559
[105]毛多斌,胡林,何景福等.葡萄糖苷类香味前体合成研究进展.烟草科技,2006,4：38-42
[106]李英波,宛晓春,张正竹.烟草糖苷类香气前体研究进展.烟草科技,2006,3：41-43
[107]Kodama H, Fujimori T, Kato K. Isolation of a new terpene glucoside, loliolide-β-D-glucopyranoside from flue-cured tobacco. Agri Biol Chem,1998, 46(5):1409-1411
[108]Severson RF, Arrendale RF, Chortyk OT, et al. Isolation and characterization of the sucrose ester of the cuticular waxes of green tobacco leaf. Agric Food Chem, 1985,33:870-875
[109]Chang SY, Grunwald G. Duvatrienediols and fatty acids in cuticular waxes of tobacco leaves of various physiological maturity. Phyto Chem,1976,15: 961-963
[110]Severson RF, Arrendale RF, Sission VA, et al. Characterization of the sucrose ester fraction from Nicotiana glutinosa. Agric Food Chem,1990,38:75-85
[111]Matsuzaki T, Shinozaki Y, Suhara S. Isolation and characterization of Tetra and Tri-acylglucose from the surface lipids of Nicotiana miersii. Agric Biol Chem, 1989,53:3343-3345
[112]Douda J, Llanos ME, Alvarez R, et al. Pyrolysis applied to the study of a Maya asphaltene, Anal Appl Pyrol,2004,2(71):601
[113]Medina VM. Pyrolysis-gas chromatography mass spectrometry used for screening polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by desorption from sediment. Anal Appl Pyrol,1996,36(1):27
[114]Simkovic I, Surina I, Vrican M. Primary reactions of sucrose thermal degradation. Anal Appl Pyrol,2003,70(2):493
[115]Baliga VL, Miser DE, Sharma RK, et al. Physical characterization of the cigarette coal:part 1-smolder burn. Anal Appl Pyrol,2003,68:443
[116]Baker RR, Bishop LJ. The pyrolysis of tobacco ingredients. Anal Appl Pyrol, 2004,71(1):223
[117]陈峰,杨伟祖,陈永宽.烟草中多羟基吡嗪的萃取及其热裂解行为研究.天然产物研究与开发,2005,17(3)：349-350
[118]陈永宽,孔宁川,曾晓鹰.芸香苷热裂解研究.天然产物研究与开发,2002,14(6)：4-6
[119]杨伟祖,谢刚,王保兴等.烟草中β-胡萝卜素的热裂解产物的研究.色谱,2003,21(5)：611-614
[120]侯英,王保兴,杨勇等.烟草中叶黄素的热裂解产物研究.中国烟草学会工业专业委员会烟草化学学术研讨会,2005,410-413
[121]杨燕,曹秋娥,徐济仓等.烟用香料无花果萃取物的热裂解产物研究.光谱实验室,2006,23(6)：1288-1291
[122]杨叶昆,陈章玉,罗丽莉.非挥发性有机酸热裂解行为.烟草科学研究,2000，2：48
[123]朱海军.几类烟用潜香化合物的合成及应用研究：(硕士学位论文),昆明： 云南大学,2004
[124]Richard R, Eian D, Smith G. An overview of the effects of tobacco ingredients on smoke chemistry and toxicity. Food and Chemical Toxicology,2004,42S: S53-S83
[125]Richard R, Louise J. The pyrolysis of tobacco ingredients. Anal Appl Pyrolysis, 2004,71:223-311
[126]Richard R, Steven C, Liu C. The pyrolytic formation of formaldehyde from sugars and tobacco. Anal Appl Pyrolysis,2006,77:12-21
[127]Richard R, Eian D,Smith G. An overview of the effects of tobacco ingredients on smoke chemistry and toxicity. Food and Chemical Toxicology,2004,42S: S53-S83
[128]Richard R. A review of pyrolysis studies to unravel reaction steps in burning tobacco. Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis,1987,11:555-573
[129]Baker RR. The effect of ventilation on cigarette combustion mechanisms. Rec Adv Tob Sci,1987,10:88-150
[130]Forehand JB, Moldoveanu SC,52nd Tobacco Science Research Conference, Atlanta, September 1998
[131]闫克玉.卷烟烟气化学.郑州：郑州大学出版社,2002
[132]李汉超.烟草-烟气化学及分析.郑州：河南科学技术出版社,1991
[133]Leffingwell JC, Leffingwell D. Tcrc symposium summary:chemical & sensory aspects of tobacco flavor-anoverview. Recent Advance in Tobacco Science, 1988
[2]戴维斯,尼尔森.烟草生产,化学和技术.国家烟草专卖局科技教育司、中国烟草科技信息中心组织翻译.北京：化学工业出版社,2003
[3]Lloydr A, Miller C W, Roberts D L, et al. Flue-cured tobacco flavor. Essence and essential components. Tobacco Science,1976,20:40-48
[4]Wahlberg I, Karlsson K, Austin D J, et al. Effects of flue-curing and ageing on the volatile, neutral and acidic constituents of virginia tobacco. Phytochemistry,1977 16:1217-1231
[5]周淑平,肖强,陈叶君,等.不同生态地区初烤烟叶中重要致香物质的分析.中国烟草学报,2004,10(1)：9-16
[6]Dabe F. Method of Collection of Smoke for analytical purpose. Rec Adv in Tob Sci,1982,8:42-103
[7]Bernier UR, Carlson DA, Geden CJ. Gas chromatography mass spectrometry analysis of the cuticular hydrocarbons from parasitic wasps of the genus Muscidifurax. Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry,1998,9: 320-332
[8]Diekmann J, Douda M, Rustemeier K. Rapid and sensitive method for the determination of propylene oxide in cigarette mainstream smoke by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Journal of Chromatographic Science,2006, 44:32-34
[9]Darrall KG, Figgins JA, Brown RD. Determination of benzene and associated volatile compounds in mainstream cigarette smoke. Analyst,1998,123: 1095-1101
[10]Zhu GH, Ye GY, Hu C. Development changes of cuticular hydrocarbons in Chrysomya rufifacies larvae:potential for determining larval age. Medical and Veterinary Entomology,2006,20:438-444
[11]Clark TJ, Bunch JE. Determination of volatile acids in tobacco, tea, andcoffee using Derivatization-Purge and trap gas chromatography-selected ion monitoring mass spectrometry. Jounal of Chromatographic Science,1997,35:206-208
[12]Song SQ, Ashley DL. Sample Purification for the analysis of caffeine in tobacco by gas chromatography mass spectrometry. Jounal of Chromatography A,1998, 814:171-180
[13]Ding YS. Determination of 14 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in mainstream smoke from US brand and non-US brand cigarettes. Environ. Sci. Technol,2006, 40:1133-1138
[14]Stabbert R, Sehafer KH, Biefel C. Analysis of aromatic amines in cigarette smoke. Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry,2003,17:2125-2132
[15]Xin HJ, Xie FW, Deng DJ. Determination of N-nitrosonornicotine in tobacco by high performance liquid chromatography-photohydrolysis-pyrolysis-thermal energy analysis. Chinese Journal of Analytical Chemistry,2000,28:436-438
[16]樊虎,盛良全,童红武等.固相萃取-高效液相色谱法测定卷烟主流烟气中的多环芳烃.分析测试学报,2005,1(24)：103-105
[17]易娇,尹笃林,廉世勋等.反相HPLC法同时测定烟草中的6种有机酸.烟草科技,2006,7：36-39
[18]Ciolino LA. Reversed Phase ion-pair liquid chromatographic determination of nicotine in commercial tobacco products. Jounal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry,1999,47:3706-3712
[19]Pang T. Determination of sugars in tobacco leaf by HPLC with evaporative light scattering detection. Journal of Liquid Chromatography & Related Technologies, 2006,29:1281-1289
[20]Li Z. Determination of Phenol and catechol in tobacco leaf by solid Phase extraction and high Performance liquid chromatography. Chinese Journal of Analytical Chemistry,2001,29:1409-1411
[21]陈文,李丹.反相高效液相色谱法测定烟叶中的游离氨基酸.氨基酸和生物资源,2002,8：54-57
[22]Cheng ZY, Yang GY, Miao MM. Study on determination of aromatic amine in mainstream tobacco smoke by on-line solid phase extraction and high performance liquid chromatography. Chinese Journal of Analytical Chemistry, 2006,34:679-682
[23]Chauvaux N, Vandongen W, Esmans EL. Liquid Chromatographic Mass Spectrometric Determination of 1-Aminocyclopropane-1-Carboxylic Acid in Tobacco. Journal of Chromatography A,1993,657:337-343
[24]毛友安,钟科军,魏万之等.液相色谱-串联质谱技术测定卷烟烟气中烟草特有亚硝胺.现代科学仪器,2006,3：88-90
[25]Chen JH, Liu XP, Xu XQ, et al. Rapid determination of total solanesol in tobacco leaf by ultrasound-assisted extraction with RP-HPLC and ESI-TOF/MS. Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis,2007,43:879-885
[26]Moyer TP. Simultaneous analysis of nicotine, nicotine metabolites, and tobacco alkaloids in serum or urine by tandem mass spectrometry, with clinically relevant metabolic profiles. Clinical Chemistry,2002,48:1460-1471
[27]Lafontaine P, Vanier M. Characterization of Cigarette Tobacco by Direct Electrospray Ionization-Ion Trap Mass Spectrometry (ESI-ITMS) Analysis of the Aqueous Extract-A Novel and Simple Approach. Agric Food Chem,2004,52: 7251-7257
[28]Lu X. Characterization of complex hydrocarbons in cigarette smoke condensate by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and comprehensive two dimensional gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Journal of Chromatography A,2004,1043:265-273
[29]Zhu SK. Quantitative determination of compounds in tobacco essential oils by comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography coupled to time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Journal of Chromatography A,2005,1086:107-114
[30]Li HF. Separation and analysis of constituents of acidic compounds in tobacco leaf by using comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Chemical Journal of Chinese Universities,2006,27:612-617
[31]Li HF. Analysis of volatile and semi-volatile alkaline compounds in tobacco leaf by using comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography time-of-flight mass speetrometry. Acta Chimica Sinica,2006,64:1897-1903
[32]胡敏,李晓丽,张声华.不同提纯法精制的银杏叶萃取物中黄酮糖苷的含量分析.食品科学,1998,19(12)：42-45
[33]Schlotzhauer WS, Pair SD, Horvat RJ. Volatile Constituents from the Flowers of Japanese Honeysuckle (Lonicera japonica). Agric Food Chem,1996,44: 206-209
[34]Chyau CC, Tsai SY, Yang JH. The essential oil of Glossogyne tenuifolia. Food Chem,2007,100:808-812
[35]刘百战,徐玉田,孙哲建.加料前后烟草中游离及结合态香味成分的分析研究.烟草学报,1998,4(1)：1-4
[36]陈悦娇,王冬梅,邓炜强等.SDRP和SDE法萃取乌龙茶香气成分的比较研究.中山大学学报,2005,5(44)：275-278
[37]李纯铁,回瑞华,侯东岩.固相萃取GC-MS法分析白酒中的香气成分.质谱学报,2007,2(6)：39-42
[38]Pawliszyn J, Applications of Solid Phase Microextraction, RSC, Cambridge, UK, 1999
[39]廖堃.固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱法分析烟用浸膏挥发性成分.质谱学报,2004,25(4)：225-228
[40]马宇平,岳田利,毛多斌.“湖南毛尖”香味成分的超临界CO2萃取及在烟草中的应用.烟草科技,2006,6：34-34
[41]Lagadec AJM, Miller DJ. Selective extraction of oxygenates from savory and peppermint using subcritical water. Flav Frag,2001,16:64-73
[42]沈霞.复杂体系中痕量组分分离分析研究：(博士学位论文).北京：中国科学技术大学,2007
[43]Sides A, Robards K, Helliwell S. Developments in extraction techniques and their application to analysis of volatiles in foods. Trends Anal Chem,2000,19: 322-329
[44]Rankin SA, Bodyfelt FW. Solvent desorption dynamic headspace method for diacetyl and acetoin in buttermilk. Food Sci,1995,60:1205-1207
[45]Valero E, Miranda E, Sanz J. Automatic thermal desorption in GC analysis of dairy product volatiles. Chromatographia,1997,44:59-64
[46]侯英,杨蕾,王保兴等.应用搅拌棒吸附萃取热脱附-气相色谱-质谱分析烟用香料的化学成分.色谱,2006,24(6)：601-605
[47]Ferhat MA, Tigrine-KordjaniN, Chemat S. Rapid Extraction of Volatile Compounds Using a New Simultaneous Microwave Distillation:Solvent Extraction Device. Chromatographia,2007,65:217
[48]Shen X, Gao Y, Su Q.D. Determination of Organophosphorus Pesticides in Soil by MMSPD-GC-NPD and Confirmation by GC-MS. Flav Frag,2006,21:556
[49]Hachicha SF, Skanji T, Barrek S, et al. Composition of the essential oil of Teucrium ramosissimum Desf. (Lamiaceae) from Tunisia. Flav Frag,2007,22: 101
[50]Sonboli A, Azizian D, Yousefzadi M, et al. Volatile constituents and anlimiciobia) acuity of the essential nil of Tetrataemum iastopetalvm (Apiaccael from Iran Flav Frag,2007,22:119
[51]Ryan D, Shellie R, Casilli A, et al. Analysis of roasted coffee bean volatiles by using comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography-time-of-flight mass spectrometry, Chromatogr A,2004,1054:57-65
[52]Ikeda G, Tomizawa A, Imayoshi Y, et al. Flavor Design of Sesame-flavored Dressing Using Gas Chromatography/Olfactometry and Food Kansei Model. Food Sci and Tech Res,2006,12:261
[53]Stefan R.I, Van Staden JF, Aboul-EneimHY. Analysis of Chiral Drugs with Enantioselective Biosensors. Crit Rev Anal Chem,1999,29:133
[54]Schumacher JN, Carbohydr Res,1970,13:1
[55]Leffingwell JC, Leffingwell D. Chemical and sensory aspects of tobacco flavor. Rec Ady Tob Sci,1988,14:169
[56]Severson RF, Ellington JJ, Schlotzhauer PF, et al. Gas chromatographic method for the determination of free and total solanesol in tobacco. Chromatography A, 1977,2(21):269-282
[57]Severson RF, Arrendale RF, Chortyk OT, et al. Isolation and characterization of the sucrose esters of the cuticular waxes of green tobacco leaf. Agric Food Chem, 1985,33 (5):870-875
[58]Chortyk OK, Pomonis JG, Johnson AW. Synthesis and Characterizations of Insecticidal Sucrose Esters. Agric Food Chem,1996,44:1551-1557
[59]Kawashima N, Gamou K. Leaf surface liquid of tobacco.Ⅱ.Contribution of leaf surface liquid to aroma and taste of tobacco. Bull Utsunomiya Tob Exp Sta,1979, 17:79-84
[60]Schumacher JN, Vestal L. Isolation and identification of some components of Turkish tobacco. Tob Sci,1974,18:43-48
[61]Scblotzbauzer WS, Severson RF, Martin RM. The Contribution of Sucrose Esters to Tobacco Smoke Composition. Beitrage zur Tabakforschung International, 1986,13(5):229-238
[62]Scverson RF. Cuticular constituents of tobacco factors affecting their production and their role in insect and disease resistance and smoke quality. Rec Adv Tob Sci,1985,(11):105-168
[63]Heemann V, Brummer U, Paulsen C. et al. Composition of leaf surface gum of some Nicotiana species and Nicotiana tabacum cultivars. Phyrochemistry 1983, 22(1):133-135
[64]Chang SY, Grunwald C. Duvatrienediols in cuticular wax of Burley tobacco leaves. Lipid Research.1976,17:7-11
[65]Severson RF, Arrendale RF, Chortyk OT, et al. Quantitation of the Major Cuticular Coomponents from Green Leaf of Different Tobacco Types. Agric Food Chem,1984,32:566-570
[66]Lin Y, Wagner GJ. Rapid and simple method for estimation of sugar esters. Agric Food Chem.1994,42:1709-1712
[67]Arrendale RF, Severson RF, Sisson VA. The cuticular sucrose esters from Nicotiana clevelandii. Tob Chem Res Conf,1987,41:44
[68]Noel W, Geofferry W. Estimination of source ester in tobacco by direct chemical ionization mass spectrometry. Agric Food Chem,1984,32:785-789
[69]Khorassani MA, Nazem N, Taylor LT, et al. Separation and identification of sucrose esters from Turkish tobacco using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Contribution to tobacco research.2005:21(7):380-389
[70]M.Ashraf K, Nazem N, Taylor LT. Identification and quantification of sucrose esters in various Turkish tobaccos. Contribution to tobacco research.2005:21(8): 441-450
[71]伍越寰,李伟昶,沈晓明.有机化学.合肥：中国科学技术大学出版社,2002
[72]Kobayashi A, Kubota K. Z-3-Hexenyl-β-D-glucopyranoside in French tea leaves as a precursor of green tea. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem,1994,58:592-593
[73]Jiang LH, Kojima H. Isolation of some glycosides as aroma precursor in young leaves of japanese pepper(Xanthoxylun piperitum DC). Agric Food Chem,2001, 49:5888-5894
[74]Guo W, Sakata K. Geranyl 6-O-β-D-Xylopyranosyl-β-D-glucopyranoside isolated as an aroma precursor from tea leaves for oolong tea. Phytochemictry, 1998,33:1373-1375
[75]Gunata YZ. Diplome Etudes Approfondies, Montpllier University,1981
[76]Green CR, Colby DA, Cooper PJ, et al. Advances in analytical methodology of leaf and smoke. Rec Adv Tob Sci,1980,6:123
[77]Heckman RA, Dube MF, Lynm D, et al. The role of tobacco leaf precursors in cigarette flavor. Rec Adv Tob Sci,1981,7:107
[78]Zhang ZZ, Li YB, Li Q, et al. Antifungal activities of major tea leaf volatile constituents toward Colletorichum camelliae Massea Agric Food Chem,2006,54: 3936
[79]Janusz A, Capone DL, Puglisi CJ, et al. (E)-1-(2,3,6-Trimethylphenyl) buta-1,3-diene:A Potent Grape-Derived Odorant in Wine. Agric Food Chem, 2003,51:7759
[80]Ma SJ, Watanabe N, Yagi A, et al. The (3R,9R)-3-hydroxy-7,8-dihydro-β-ionol disaccharide glycoside is an aroma precursor in tea leaves. Phytochemistry,2001, 56:819-825
[81]Wang DM, Yoshimura T, Kubota K, et al. Qualitative and quantitative analyses of glycosides with aglycons as aroma compounds. Agric Food Chem,2000,48: 5411
[82]Wilson R, Mookherjee BD, Vinals JF.184th Natl ACS Meeting, Kansas City, 1982
[83]Heij HT, Van HM, Renes H, et al, PROC.12th Int. Congr.Flavours, Fragrances and Essential Oils, Vienna,1992,471
[84]史宏志,刘国顺.烟草香味学.北京：中国农业出版社,1998：11-45
[85]毛多斌,马宇平,梅业安.卷烟配方和香精香料.北京：化学工业出版社,2001：89-99
[86]Song Qin, Zheng Yin, Shi Junxiong. Quality Characteristics of Tobacco Leaves with Different Aromatic Styles from Guizhou Province, China. Agricultural Sciences,2007,6:220-226
[87]Sha Yunfei, Deng Chunhui, Liu Baizhan. Development of C18 functionalized magnetic silica nanoparticles as sample preparation technique for the determination of ergosterol in cigarettes by microwave assisted derivatization and gas chromatography mass spectrometry. Chromatogr A,2008,1198:27-33
[88]陈振玲,张浩博,周宛虹等.烟草中3-氧代-α-紫罗兰醇-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷的分离鉴定及其热解产物分析.Tobacco science&Technology,2008,7:28-31
[89]孙凯健,王美琳,沈轶等.溶剂助蒸馏法在烟草香气成分分析中的应用.中国烟草科学,2007,28(2)：23-26
[90]柴家荣,黄成江.白肋烟不同品种香气前体物降解产物及品质的研究.湖南农业大学学报,2006,32(2)：149-153
[91]Hisashi K, Fujimori T, Kunio K. Isolation of a New Terpene Glucoside, 3-Hydroxy-5,6-epoxy-β-ionyl-β-D-glucopyranoside from Flue-cured Tobacco. Agric Biol Chem,1981,45(4):941-944
[92]Hisashi K, Fujimori T, Kunio K. Glucosides of ionone-related compounds in several Nicotina species. Phytochem,1984,23(3):583-585
[93]Hisashi K, Fujimori T, Kunio K. A nor-sesquiterpene glycoside, rishitin-β-sophoroside, from tobacco. Phytochem,1984,23(3):690-692
[94]Green CR, Cobly DA, Copper PJ, et al. Advances in analytical methodology of leaf and smoke. Rec Adv Tob Sci,1980,6:123-183
[95]Heckman RA, Dule MF, River LD. The role of tobacco leaf precursors in cigarette flavor. Rec Adv Tob Sci,1981,7:107-153
[96]Fenn JB, Mann M, Meng CK, et al. Electrospray ionization for mass spectrometry of large biomolecules. Mass spectrom Rev,1990,9:37
[97]Andrews CL, Vouros P, Harsch A. Analysis of DNA adducts using high performance separation techniques coupled to electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Journal of Chromatography A,1999,856:515
[98]Issaq HJ, Janini GM, Chan KC. Sheathless electrospray ionization interfaces for capillary electrophoresis mass spectrometric detection:Advantages and limitations. Journal of Chromatogrophy A,2004,1053:37
[99]Severs JC, Smith RD. Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry. New York: Wiley.1997, Chap 10
[100]Mateus L, Cherkaoui S, Christen P, et al. Capillary electrophoresis-diode array detection-electrospray mass spectrometry for the analysis of selected tropane alkaloids in plant extracts. Electrophoresis,1999,20:3402
[101]Shaffer SA, Tolmachev AV, Prior DC, et al. Characterization of an Improved Electrodynamic Ion Funnel Interface for Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem,1997,71:2957
[102]Belov ME, Gorshkov MV, Udseth HR, et al. Zeptomole-Sensitivity Electrospray Ionization-Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance Mass Spectrometry of Proteins. Am Soc Mass Spectrom,2000,11:19
[103]李宇航,戴海学,李晓蓉等.葛根素的电喷雾电离裂解规律解析.质谱学报,2007,28(4)：224-228
[104]梁琼麟,温华珍,王玉莉等.丹皮药材的高效液相色谱／质谱／质谱研究.分析化学,2005,33：1555-1559
[105]毛多斌,胡林,何景福等.葡萄糖苷类香味前体合成研究进展.烟草科技,2006,4：38-42
[106]李英波,宛晓春,张正竹.烟草糖苷类香气前体研究进展.烟草科技,2006,3：41-43
[107]Kodama H, Fujimori T, Kato K. Isolation of a new terpene glucoside, loliolide-β-D-glucopyranoside from flue-cured tobacco. Agri Biol Chem,1998, 46(5):1409-1411
[108]Severson RF, Arrendale RF, Chortyk OT, et al. Isolation and characterization of the sucrose ester of the cuticular waxes of green tobacco leaf. Agric Food Chem, 1985,33:870-875
[109]Chang SY, Grunwald G. Duvatrienediols and fatty acids in cuticular waxes of tobacco leaves of various physiological maturity. Phyto Chem,1976,15: 961-963
[110]Severson RF, Arrendale RF, Sission VA, et al. Characterization of the sucrose ester fraction from Nicotiana glutinosa. Agric Food Chem,1990,38:75-85
[111]Matsuzaki T, Shinozaki Y, Suhara S. Isolation and characterization of Tetra and Tri-acylglucose from the surface lipids of Nicotiana miersii. Agric Biol Chem, 1989,53:3343-3345
[112]Douda J, Llanos ME, Alvarez R, et al. Pyrolysis applied to the study of a Maya asphaltene, Anal Appl Pyrol,2004,2(71):601
[113]Medina VM. Pyrolysis-gas chromatography mass spectrometry used for screening polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by desorption from sediment. Anal Appl Pyrol,1996,36(1):27
[114]Simkovic I, Surina I, Vrican M. Primary reactions of sucrose thermal degradation. Anal Appl Pyrol,2003,70(2):493
[115]Baliga VL, Miser DE, Sharma RK, et al. Physical characterization of the cigarette coal:part 1-smolder burn. Anal Appl Pyrol,2003,68:443
[116]Baker RR, Bishop LJ. The pyrolysis of tobacco ingredients. Anal Appl Pyrol, 2004,71(1):223
[117]陈峰,杨伟祖,陈永宽.烟草中多羟基吡嗪的萃取及其热裂解行为研究.天然产物研究与开发,2005,17(3)：349-350
[118]陈永宽,孔宁川,曾晓鹰.芸香苷热裂解研究.天然产物研究与开发,2002,14(6)：4-6
[119]杨伟祖,谢刚,王保兴等.烟草中β-胡萝卜素的热裂解产物的研究.色谱,2003,21(5)：611-614
[120]侯英,王保兴,杨勇等.烟草中叶黄素的热裂解产物研究.中国烟草学会工业专业委员会烟草化学学术研讨会,2005,410-413
[121]杨燕,曹秋娥,徐济仓等.烟用香料无花果萃取物的热裂解产物研究.光谱实验室,2006,23(6)：1288-1291
[122]杨叶昆,陈章玉,罗丽莉.非挥发性有机酸热裂解行为.烟草科学研究,2000，2：48
[123]朱海军.几类烟用潜香化合物的合成及应用研究：(硕士学位论文),昆明： 云南大学,2004
[124]Richard R, Eian D, Smith G. An overview of the effects of tobacco ingredients on smoke chemistry and toxicity. Food and Chemical Toxicology,2004,42S: S53-S83
[125]Richard R, Louise J. The pyrolysis of tobacco ingredients. Anal Appl Pyrolysis, 2004,71:223-311
[126]Richard R, Steven C, Liu C. The pyrolytic formation of formaldehyde from sugars and tobacco. Anal Appl Pyrolysis,2006,77:12-21
[127]Richard R, Eian D,Smith G. An overview of the effects of tobacco ingredients on smoke chemistry and toxicity. Food and Chemical Toxicology,2004,42S: S53-S83
[128]Richard R. A review of pyrolysis studies to unravel reaction steps in burning tobacco. Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis,1987,11:555-573
[129]Baker RR. The effect of ventilation on cigarette combustion mechanisms. Rec Adv Tob Sci,1987,10:88-150
[130]Forehand JB, Moldoveanu SC,52nd Tobacco Science Research Conference, Atlanta, September 1998
[131]闫克玉.卷烟烟气化学.郑州：郑州大学出版社,2002
[132]李汉超.烟草-烟气化学及分析.郑州：河南科学技术出版社,1991
[133]Leffingwell JC, Leffingwell D. Tcrc symposium summary:chemical & sensory aspects of tobacco flavor-anoverview. Recent Advance in Tobacco Science, 1988