基于nRF903家畜运动量无线监测系统的研究与应用
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摘要
随着无线网络技术和微芯片技术的发展,综合微芯片控制和无线数据传输功能的小型网络被越来越广得应用在工农业领域,比如我国传统的畜牧业。畜牧业工作者都十分关心家畜的产奶,长肉,产仔的情况,而这些都与家畜的发情期紧密相关。一个完整家畜运动量监控系统可以帮助农业工作者及时的了解家畜的生理情况,从而更好的提高农产量。
本文综合了多年无线通信技术,射频ID技术,低功耗单片机技术的发展,设计了一套完整的家畜运动量监控系统。其中采集终端通过运动传感器采集家畜的运动量,并加以一定的处理,把有价值的信息通过无线传输的形式传输给一个功能丰富的综合管理器,帮助农业工作者监测家畜的发情期或者伤病,及时得做出处理。
文章还详细介绍了这个监控系统各硬件模块的功能及其实现技术。因为数据传输和编码的兼容问题,本文在采集终端和管理终端采用相同的主控芯片和无线收发芯片。
在采集终端,本文使用传感器加控制芯片以及收发一体芯片的硬件结构;而在管理终端本文除了这一核心模块外,还集成了显示模块,存储模块,与PC通信模块等等。主控制芯片选择的是TI公司所生产的MSP430系列16位单片机,来实现对无线射频模块的控制和传感器数据的采集。射频模块的设计本文选用了nRF903射频芯片,实现在SIM频段的短距离无线传输。在整个设计中低功耗是本文考虑最多的一环,因为数据采集终端将被安放在家畜身上,不易更换电池,无论是设计流程还是芯片工作模式或者是电源管理模块都是围绕低功耗展开的。
设计中同时考虑了很多细节。本文的系统是个非对称的主从式模型,这就要求设计采用射频ID技术来区分家畜的身份和防止传输碰撞,同时考虑到与个人PC相联系,本文还设计了RS232接口,并编写了PC上的管理软件以做长时间的数据统计。
Along with the wireless networking and the micro chip technology's development, small-size network with micro chip control and the wireless data transmission function is been getting more and more broad the application in the industry and agriculture domain, for instance our tradition animal husbandry. The agricultural workers cared that domestic animal's milk production, puts on weight, the situation which bears young, but these closely are related with domestic animal's oestrus period. A complete domestic animal physiological load of exercise supervisory system may help the agricultural worker's prompt understanding domestic animal's physiological situation, thus better enhances the agricultural production quantity.
This article synthesized many year wireless communication technologies, the radio frequency ID technology, the low power loss monolithic integrated circuit technology's development, has designed a set of complete domestic animal physiological load of exercise supervisory system. And the gathering terminal through the movement sensor gathering domestic animal's physiological load of exercise, and performs certain processing, the valuable information through the wireless transmission's form transmission helps the agricultural worker to monitor domestic animal's oestrus period or wounded and sick, is prompt the option processing.
The article also in detail introduced this supervisory system various hardware module's function and realizes the technology. Because of the data transmission and the code compatible question, we are gathering the terminal and the office terminal use the same master control chip and the wireless receiving and dispatching chip.
we use the sensor to add the control chip as well as to receive and dispatch a body chip the hardware architecture; But in office terminals we this nucleus module, integrated the display module, storage module, with PC connection module. The master control chip's choice is the MSP430 series 16 monolithic integrated circuits which produces with TI Corporation, realizes to the wireless radio frequency module control and sensor data gathering. The radio frequency module designed to select the nRF903 radio frequency chip, realized in the SIM frequency band short distance wireless transmission. The low power loss is we considers most links in the entire design, because the data acquisition terminal will be placed on the domestic animal body, is not easy to replace the battery, regardless of being the design cycle or the chip working pattern or is the power source administration module centers on the low power to launch.
In the design has simultaneously considered many details. Our system is an asymmetrical host from the type model, this requests us to use the radio frequency ID technology to differentiate domestic animal's status and to prevent the transmission collision, simultaneously considered relates with individual PC, this article has also designed the RS232 connection, and compiled on the PC management software to make the long time the data statistics.
本文综合了多年无线通信技术,射频ID技术,低功耗单片机技术的发展,设计了一套完整的家畜运动量监控系统。其中采集终端通过运动传感器采集家畜的运动量,并加以一定的处理,把有价值的信息通过无线传输的形式传输给一个功能丰富的综合管理器,帮助农业工作者监测家畜的发情期或者伤病,及时得做出处理。
文章还详细介绍了这个监控系统各硬件模块的功能及其实现技术。因为数据传输和编码的兼容问题,本文在采集终端和管理终端采用相同的主控芯片和无线收发芯片。
在采集终端,本文使用传感器加控制芯片以及收发一体芯片的硬件结构;而在管理终端本文除了这一核心模块外,还集成了显示模块,存储模块,与PC通信模块等等。主控制芯片选择的是TI公司所生产的MSP430系列16位单片机,来实现对无线射频模块的控制和传感器数据的采集。射频模块的设计本文选用了nRF903射频芯片,实现在SIM频段的短距离无线传输。在整个设计中低功耗是本文考虑最多的一环,因为数据采集终端将被安放在家畜身上,不易更换电池,无论是设计流程还是芯片工作模式或者是电源管理模块都是围绕低功耗展开的。
设计中同时考虑了很多细节。本文的系统是个非对称的主从式模型,这就要求设计采用射频ID技术来区分家畜的身份和防止传输碰撞,同时考虑到与个人PC相联系,本文还设计了RS232接口,并编写了PC上的管理软件以做长时间的数据统计。
Along with the wireless networking and the micro chip technology's development, small-size network with micro chip control and the wireless data transmission function is been getting more and more broad the application in the industry and agriculture domain, for instance our tradition animal husbandry. The agricultural workers cared that domestic animal's milk production, puts on weight, the situation which bears young, but these closely are related with domestic animal's oestrus period. A complete domestic animal physiological load of exercise supervisory system may help the agricultural worker's prompt understanding domestic animal's physiological situation, thus better enhances the agricultural production quantity.
This article synthesized many year wireless communication technologies, the radio frequency ID technology, the low power loss monolithic integrated circuit technology's development, has designed a set of complete domestic animal physiological load of exercise supervisory system. And the gathering terminal through the movement sensor gathering domestic animal's physiological load of exercise, and performs certain processing, the valuable information through the wireless transmission's form transmission helps the agricultural worker to monitor domestic animal's oestrus period or wounded and sick, is prompt the option processing.
The article also in detail introduced this supervisory system various hardware module's function and realizes the technology. Because of the data transmission and the code compatible question, we are gathering the terminal and the office terminal use the same master control chip and the wireless receiving and dispatching chip.
we use the sensor to add the control chip as well as to receive and dispatch a body chip the hardware architecture; But in office terminals we this nucleus module, integrated the display module, storage module, with PC connection module. The master control chip's choice is the MSP430 series 16 monolithic integrated circuits which produces with TI Corporation, realizes to the wireless radio frequency module control and sensor data gathering. The radio frequency module designed to select the nRF903 radio frequency chip, realized in the SIM frequency band short distance wireless transmission. The low power loss is we considers most links in the entire design, because the data acquisition terminal will be placed on the domestic animal body, is not easy to replace the battery, regardless of being the design cycle or the chip working pattern or is the power source administration module centers on the low power to launch.
In the design has simultaneously considered many details. Our system is an asymmetrical host from the type model, this requests us to use the radio frequency ID technology to differentiate domestic animal's status and to prevent the transmission collision, simultaneously considered relates with individual PC, this article has also designed the RS232 connection, and compiled on the PC management software to make the long time the data statistics.
引文
[1]牛伟,郭世泽,吴志军。无线局域网。北京:人民邮电出版社,2003.1-39
[2]钱国平,黄其煜.射频识别技术及其应用.《集成电路应用》.2006年8期.pp36-38
[3]娄立华,柴国祥。以色列奶牛饲养业的考察[J]。中国乳业,2002,(3):36-38
[4]胡大可。MSP430系列FLASH型超低功耗16位单片机。北京航空航天大学出版社。2002.3
[5]沈建华 杨艳琴 等编著。MSP430系列16位超低功耗单片机原理与应用。清华大学出版社。2005.8
[6]王晔。用三段单片RF无线收发芯片nRF903设计无线数据传输平台。国外电子元器件,2001年第6期:53-55
[7]Product specification nRF903,430MHz-950MHz Single Chip RF Transceiver,Nordic VLSI ASA,2002
[8]Application note nAN900-02,nRF903 RF and antenna layout,Revisionl.1,Nordi.VLSIASA,2002
[9]谢处方、邱文杰,《天线原理与设计》,成都电讯工程学院出版社,1985年
[10]陈杰,黄鸿.传感器与检测技术[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2002
[11]刘伟。传感器实训教程。东南大学出版社。2003.7
[12]Behronz A.Forouzan[美]。王嘉祯等译。数据通信与网络[M]。机械工业出版社。2005.1
[13]刘剑 安晓波 李春生。无线网络通信原理与应用。中国建筑工业出版社。2007
[14]Tommy Oberg[瑞典]。何英姿等译。调制、检测与编码[M]。电子工业出版社,2004.1
[15]孙丽华。信息论与纠错编码[M]。电子工业出版社,2005.3
[16]游战清 刘克胜。无线射频识别技术(RFID)规划与实施[M]。电子工业出版社。2005.9
[17]Klaus Finkenzeller[德]。陈大才编译。射频识别(RFID)技术—无线电感应的应答器和非接触IC卡的原理(第2版)电子工业出版社。2002.5
[18]ND系列振动传感器DATASHEET。2006
[19]黄智伟。无线数字收发电路设计—电路原理与应用实例。电子工业出社。2003.5
[20]White Paper.Design-in of RF Circuits.Nordie VLSI ASA,2002
[21]C.A.Balanis,Antenna Teory,Analysis and Design,sceond edition,John Wiley&Sons,Inc.1997
[22]Texas Incorporated,MSP430x14x Family User's Guide.http://www.msp430.com
[23]颜永军。Protel99电路设计与应用[M]。北京:国防工业出版社,2001.1
[24]康博创作室。Visual Basic 6.0中文版高级应用与开发指南[M]。北京机械工业出版社。2001
[25]肖金球。单片机原理与接口技术[M]。清华大学出版社,2004
[26]MAX232 Datasheets[Z]
[27]邬宽明。单片机外围器件实用手册[M]。北京航空航天大学出版社,2005
[28]韩广兴。电子元器件与实用电路基础[M]。电子工业出版社,2005
[29]邓素萍。串行通信RS232/RS485转换器[J]。国外电子元器件,2001年7期
[30]仵浩,齐燕杰,宋文超。Visual Basic串口通信工程开发实例导航[M]。人民邮电出版社,2003
[31]Reinhold Ludwig,Pavel Bretchko[美],王子宇等译。射频电路设计—理论与应用[M]。电子工业出版社,2002
[32]周晓光,王晓华,射频识别(RFID)技术原理与应用实例,北京,人民邮电出版社
[33]Nordic VLSIASA.Introduction to wireless networks http://www.noulicse-mi.no,2004
[34]Nordic VLSIASA.Guidelines to How Cost wireless system design,httP://www.nordicsemi.no,2004
[35]Rob Flickenger.Building Wireless Community Networks.O'Reilly 2002
[36]Changsu Suh,Young-Bae Ko.Atraffic aware,energy efficient MAC Protocol for wireless sensor networks.Circuits and Systems,2005,(3):2975-2978
[37]中国PCB技术网.射频电路PCB设计.http://www.PCBtech.net,2003
[38]Vanwyk J C,Hattingh A G.Development of a software protocol for farm management low Power wireless networks.Electron Devices for Microwave and Optoelectronic Applications,2004,(8):131-138
[39]张大踪,杨涛,魏东梅.无线传感器网络低功耗设计综述.传感器与微系统2006,25(5):10-14
[40]Kyungah S.Cryptanalysis of mutual authentication and key exchange for low Power wireless communications.Communications Letters,2003,7(5):248-250
[41]Larson L E.Radio frequency integrated circuit technology for low-Power wireless communications. personal Communications, 1998, 5(3):11-19
[42]Fitz S M. Sampling receiver to support low Power wireless networking. Electronics Letters, 2005, 41(14):815-816
[43]Nordic VLSIASA. Simple frequency hopping with the nRF905 and nRF2401, httP://www. nordicsemi. no, 2004
[44] Single chip 433/868/915MHz Transceiver nRF905 datasheet [S] .2005
[2]钱国平,黄其煜.射频识别技术及其应用.《集成电路应用》.2006年8期.pp36-38
[3]娄立华,柴国祥。以色列奶牛饲养业的考察[J]。中国乳业,2002,(3):36-38
[4]胡大可。MSP430系列FLASH型超低功耗16位单片机。北京航空航天大学出版社。2002.3
[5]沈建华 杨艳琴 等编著。MSP430系列16位超低功耗单片机原理与应用。清华大学出版社。2005.8
[6]王晔。用三段单片RF无线收发芯片nRF903设计无线数据传输平台。国外电子元器件,2001年第6期:53-55
[7]Product specification nRF903,430MHz-950MHz Single Chip RF Transceiver,Nordic VLSI ASA,2002
[8]Application note nAN900-02,nRF903 RF and antenna layout,Revisionl.1,Nordi.VLSIASA,2002
[9]谢处方、邱文杰,《天线原理与设计》,成都电讯工程学院出版社,1985年
[10]陈杰,黄鸿.传感器与检测技术[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2002
[11]刘伟。传感器实训教程。东南大学出版社。2003.7
[12]Behronz A.Forouzan[美]。王嘉祯等译。数据通信与网络[M]。机械工业出版社。2005.1
[13]刘剑 安晓波 李春生。无线网络通信原理与应用。中国建筑工业出版社。2007
[14]Tommy Oberg[瑞典]。何英姿等译。调制、检测与编码[M]。电子工业出版社,2004.1
[15]孙丽华。信息论与纠错编码[M]。电子工业出版社,2005.3
[16]游战清 刘克胜。无线射频识别技术(RFID)规划与实施[M]。电子工业出版社。2005.9
[17]Klaus Finkenzeller[德]。陈大才编译。射频识别(RFID)技术—无线电感应的应答器和非接触IC卡的原理(第2版)电子工业出版社。2002.5
[18]ND系列振动传感器DATASHEET。2006
[19]黄智伟。无线数字收发电路设计—电路原理与应用实例。电子工业出社。2003.5
[20]White Paper.Design-in of RF Circuits.Nordie VLSI ASA,2002
[21]C.A.Balanis,Antenna Teory,Analysis and Design,sceond edition,John Wiley&Sons,Inc.1997
[22]Texas Incorporated,MSP430x14x Family User's Guide.http://www.msp430.com
[23]颜永军。Protel99电路设计与应用[M]。北京:国防工业出版社,2001.1
[24]康博创作室。Visual Basic 6.0中文版高级应用与开发指南[M]。北京机械工业出版社。2001
[25]肖金球。单片机原理与接口技术[M]。清华大学出版社,2004
[26]MAX232 Datasheets[Z]
[27]邬宽明。单片机外围器件实用手册[M]。北京航空航天大学出版社,2005
[28]韩广兴。电子元器件与实用电路基础[M]。电子工业出版社,2005
[29]邓素萍。串行通信RS232/RS485转换器[J]。国外电子元器件,2001年7期
[30]仵浩,齐燕杰,宋文超。Visual Basic串口通信工程开发实例导航[M]。人民邮电出版社,2003
[31]Reinhold Ludwig,Pavel Bretchko[美],王子宇等译。射频电路设计—理论与应用[M]。电子工业出版社,2002
[32]周晓光,王晓华,射频识别(RFID)技术原理与应用实例,北京,人民邮电出版社
[33]Nordic VLSIASA.Introduction to wireless networks http://www.noulicse-mi.no,2004
[34]Nordic VLSIASA.Guidelines to How Cost wireless system design,httP://www.nordicsemi.no,2004
[35]Rob Flickenger.Building Wireless Community Networks.O'Reilly 2002
[36]Changsu Suh,Young-Bae Ko.Atraffic aware,energy efficient MAC Protocol for wireless sensor networks.Circuits and Systems,2005,(3):2975-2978
[37]中国PCB技术网.射频电路PCB设计.http://www.PCBtech.net,2003
[38]Vanwyk J C,Hattingh A G.Development of a software protocol for farm management low Power wireless networks.Electron Devices for Microwave and Optoelectronic Applications,2004,(8):131-138
[39]张大踪,杨涛,魏东梅.无线传感器网络低功耗设计综述.传感器与微系统2006,25(5):10-14
[40]Kyungah S.Cryptanalysis of mutual authentication and key exchange for low Power wireless communications.Communications Letters,2003,7(5):248-250
[41]Larson L E.Radio frequency integrated circuit technology for low-Power wireless communications. personal Communications, 1998, 5(3):11-19
[42]Fitz S M. Sampling receiver to support low Power wireless networking. Electronics Letters, 2005, 41(14):815-816
[43]Nordic VLSIASA. Simple frequency hopping with the nRF905 and nRF2401, httP://www. nordicsemi. no, 2004
[44] Single chip 433/868/915MHz Transceiver nRF905 datasheet [S] .2005