基于MSP430与UZ2400的无线传感器网络节点的设计及其应用
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摘要
随着半导体技术、微系统技术、通信技术、计算机技术的飞速发展,以Internet为代表的信息网络给人们的生活带来了巨大变化,传感器朝着低功耗、多功能的方向发展,使其在微小体积内能够集成信息采集、数据处理和无线通信等多种功能。无线传感器网络技术作为一种新兴的无线技术,得到人们越来越多的关注。
本论文共分为四个部分,具体内容如下:
第一部分:详细介绍了无线传感器网络的发展、特点、关键技术以及应用。
第二部分:基于超低功耗单片机MSP430F1611和射频芯片UZ2400,设计无线传感器网络通用节点。射频芯片与微处理器通过SPI协议进行通信,同时设计了32个接脚,实现最大化的扩展性和灵活性。
第三部分:简单介绍zigbee协议——一种短距离、低功耗、低速率、自组织的无线通信技术。
第四部分:利用这款无线传感器网络节点,配合不同的感测器,通过无线传感器网络,完成防近视报警器和小车定位控制等方面的研究和实验。调试中使用IAR Embedded Workbench软件,编写MSP430和UZ2400的C语言程序,并通过JTAG方式完成程序的下载与调试。
With the rapid development of micro-electro-mechanical system, on-chip system, wireless communication system and low-power embedded technology. Wireless sensor networks(WSN) appears, and with its low power consumption, low cost, distributed and self-organizing, it brings a new information revolution. WSN is made up of a great deal of low-cost subminiature sensor nodes, which are set in the monitoring area. It can make a many-jumps network by the wireless communication by itself.
WSN has many kinds of sensors, including seismic exploration, electromagnetism, temperature, humidity, noise, light intensity, pressure, soil ingredients and speed, size, direction of moving object in various phenomena.
In the report of Business Week and Technology Review about development of technology in future, WSN will be one of the 21 most influential technology in the 21st century and the top 10 technology to change the world. And sensor network, plastic electronics and bionic organs are also called three global high-tech industry in the future.
This thesis introduces zigbee background, protocol structure and network topology. A wireless sensor network universal node was designed in this paper in order to design sensor that can be used for different demands. The universal node is hardware-based on the low-power MSP430F1611 and UZ2400. For the most expansibility, there are 32 pins for input and output.
There are five chapters in this paper, organized as follows: The first chapter introduces the concept, characteristic and key technology of WSN. It can be widely applied in the military field, health care, environmental monitoring and intelligent buildings, etc.
In the second chapter, we design a universal WSN node, including four basic units: microprocessor module, RF transceiver module, power management module and universal interface module. We choose the ultra-low power MSP430F1611 for the processor, which is used for collecting data and computing between the universal nodes. And we choose the low-power UZ2400 which meets the standard of 2.4GHz IEEE802.15.4 for RF transceiver module. The microprocessor module communicates with RF transceiver module by SPI. For its most expansibility, there are 32 pins for input and output.
The third chapter introduces the standard of wireless communication—the concept of zigbee. Zigbee is the pronoun of IEEE802.15.4 protocol. It is a kind of short-range, low-rate, low-power and self-organization wireless communication technology. Moreover, it is simple, high-security and license-free band.
The fourth chapter introduces IAR Embedded Workbench, which is the software to design C language program for MSP430F1611 and UZ2400. Use the designed WSN node for practical application. With infrared range-finder, design Prevent- Myopia-Alarm, transform voltage analog signals into digital signal. According to the distance between children’s eyes and books, it will give different signal and trigger a buzzer, and the signal will be sent to the other node through wireless networks. The parents can get it and notice their children. The second application is the positioning control of the robot car. In this experiment based on wireless location technology, packet (including ID & signal power) will be sent to the robot car from distributed beacons. We can calculate the coordinates of the robot car, and according to the coordinates, the direction of the robot car will be set, besides the robot car has the function of evading obstacles.
The fifth chapter concludes the main researching work, the result of the paper and the next step of the research in the future.
本论文共分为四个部分,具体内容如下:
第一部分:详细介绍了无线传感器网络的发展、特点、关键技术以及应用。
第二部分:基于超低功耗单片机MSP430F1611和射频芯片UZ2400,设计无线传感器网络通用节点。射频芯片与微处理器通过SPI协议进行通信,同时设计了32个接脚,实现最大化的扩展性和灵活性。
第三部分:简单介绍zigbee协议——一种短距离、低功耗、低速率、自组织的无线通信技术。
第四部分:利用这款无线传感器网络节点,配合不同的感测器,通过无线传感器网络,完成防近视报警器和小车定位控制等方面的研究和实验。调试中使用IAR Embedded Workbench软件,编写MSP430和UZ2400的C语言程序,并通过JTAG方式完成程序的下载与调试。
With the rapid development of micro-electro-mechanical system, on-chip system, wireless communication system and low-power embedded technology. Wireless sensor networks(WSN) appears, and with its low power consumption, low cost, distributed and self-organizing, it brings a new information revolution. WSN is made up of a great deal of low-cost subminiature sensor nodes, which are set in the monitoring area. It can make a many-jumps network by the wireless communication by itself.
WSN has many kinds of sensors, including seismic exploration, electromagnetism, temperature, humidity, noise, light intensity, pressure, soil ingredients and speed, size, direction of moving object in various phenomena.
In the report of Business Week and Technology Review about development of technology in future, WSN will be one of the 21 most influential technology in the 21st century and the top 10 technology to change the world. And sensor network, plastic electronics and bionic organs are also called three global high-tech industry in the future.
This thesis introduces zigbee background, protocol structure and network topology. A wireless sensor network universal node was designed in this paper in order to design sensor that can be used for different demands. The universal node is hardware-based on the low-power MSP430F1611 and UZ2400. For the most expansibility, there are 32 pins for input and output.
There are five chapters in this paper, organized as follows: The first chapter introduces the concept, characteristic and key technology of WSN. It can be widely applied in the military field, health care, environmental monitoring and intelligent buildings, etc.
In the second chapter, we design a universal WSN node, including four basic units: microprocessor module, RF transceiver module, power management module and universal interface module. We choose the ultra-low power MSP430F1611 for the processor, which is used for collecting data and computing between the universal nodes. And we choose the low-power UZ2400 which meets the standard of 2.4GHz IEEE802.15.4 for RF transceiver module. The microprocessor module communicates with RF transceiver module by SPI. For its most expansibility, there are 32 pins for input and output.
The third chapter introduces the standard of wireless communication—the concept of zigbee. Zigbee is the pronoun of IEEE802.15.4 protocol. It is a kind of short-range, low-rate, low-power and self-organization wireless communication technology. Moreover, it is simple, high-security and license-free band.
The fourth chapter introduces IAR Embedded Workbench, which is the software to design C language program for MSP430F1611 and UZ2400. Use the designed WSN node for practical application. With infrared range-finder, design Prevent- Myopia-Alarm, transform voltage analog signals into digital signal. According to the distance between children’s eyes and books, it will give different signal and trigger a buzzer, and the signal will be sent to the other node through wireless networks. The parents can get it and notice their children. The second application is the positioning control of the robot car. In this experiment based on wireless location technology, packet (including ID & signal power) will be sent to the robot car from distributed beacons. We can calculate the coordinates of the robot car, and according to the coordinates, the direction of the robot car will be set, besides the robot car has the function of evading obstacles.
The fifth chapter concludes the main researching work, the result of the paper and the next step of the research in the future.
引文
[1]孙立民,李建中,陈渝,朱红松;无线传感器网络,清华大学出版社,2005.3
[2] CHARLES E. PERKINS. Ad Hoc Networking. ADDSON-WESLEY Pearson Education, 2001.
[3]丁冠东美军装备信息化现状及发展[J]现代电子工程,2005,3:1-8
[4] SCHWIEBERT L, Gupta S K S, WEINMANN J, etal. Research challenges in wireless networks of biomedical sensors[C]. MobiCOM, 2001:151-165.
[5]叶湘滨,陈利虎,胡罡。无线传感器网络在环境监测中的应用[J]计算机测量与控制.2004.12(11):1033-1035.
[6] MAINWARNING A, POLASTRE J, SZEWCZYK R, etal. Wireless sensor networks for habitat monitoring [C]. ACM WSNA’02, Altanta, Georgia, 2002.
[7] CERPA A, ELSON J, HAMILTON M. Habitat monitoring: Application driver for wireless communication technology [C]. ACM SIGCOMM’2000, Costa, Rica, 2001.
[8] GUTIERREZ J A. On the use of IEEE 802.15.4 to enable wireless sensor networks in building automation [C]. Proceedings of the IEEE 15th International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications (PIMRC’04), Barcelona, Spain, 2004:1865-1869.
[9]孙利民,李建中,陈渝,朱红松.无线传感器网络.清华大学.2005.5.P56-60
[10]吴新峰,杨瑞峰.无线传感器网络的硬件节点设计.芯片应用
[11]彭木根,王英杰,王文博.无线传感器网络体系结构和关键技术研究.中兴通讯技术2005年第6期
[12]Freescale.Freescale_ZigBee_products[EB/OL].(2004-05-06)[2006-04-06].http://freescale. com
[13]胡大可.MSP430系列Flash型超低功耗16位单片机[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2001
[14]红外测距模块GP2D12使用说明书V1.0-2008.3
[15] HONGLI XU, LIUSHENG HUANG, JUNMIN WU, YANG WANG, BEN XU,JICHUN WANG, Wireless Fire Monitoring for Ancient Building, Infoscale 2007, Suzhou, China.
[16]彭拓,崔晓燕.基于TinyOS无线传感器网络的RSSI定位方法科技资讯2010 NO.02.
[2] CHARLES E. PERKINS. Ad Hoc Networking. ADDSON-WESLEY Pearson Education, 2001.
[3]丁冠东美军装备信息化现状及发展[J]现代电子工程,2005,3:1-8
[4] SCHWIEBERT L, Gupta S K S, WEINMANN J, etal. Research challenges in wireless networks of biomedical sensors[C]. MobiCOM, 2001:151-165.
[5]叶湘滨,陈利虎,胡罡。无线传感器网络在环境监测中的应用[J]计算机测量与控制.2004.12(11):1033-1035.
[6] MAINWARNING A, POLASTRE J, SZEWCZYK R, etal. Wireless sensor networks for habitat monitoring [C]. ACM WSNA’02, Altanta, Georgia, 2002.
[7] CERPA A, ELSON J, HAMILTON M. Habitat monitoring: Application driver for wireless communication technology [C]. ACM SIGCOMM’2000, Costa, Rica, 2001.
[8] GUTIERREZ J A. On the use of IEEE 802.15.4 to enable wireless sensor networks in building automation [C]. Proceedings of the IEEE 15th International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications (PIMRC’04), Barcelona, Spain, 2004:1865-1869.
[9]孙利民,李建中,陈渝,朱红松.无线传感器网络.清华大学.2005.5.P56-60
[10]吴新峰,杨瑞峰.无线传感器网络的硬件节点设计.芯片应用
[11]彭木根,王英杰,王文博.无线传感器网络体系结构和关键技术研究.中兴通讯技术2005年第6期
[12]Freescale.Freescale_ZigBee_products[EB/OL].(2004-05-06)[2006-04-06].http://freescale. com
[13]胡大可.MSP430系列Flash型超低功耗16位单片机[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2001
[14]红外测距模块GP2D12使用说明书V1.0-2008.3
[15] HONGLI XU, LIUSHENG HUANG, JUNMIN WU, YANG WANG, BEN XU,JICHUN WANG, Wireless Fire Monitoring for Ancient Building, Infoscale 2007, Suzhou, China.
[16]彭拓,崔晓燕.基于TinyOS无线传感器网络的RSSI定位方法科技资讯2010 NO.02.