双MSP430单片机结构数字涡街流量计的研究
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摘要
涡街流量计因其介质适应性强,无可动部件,结构简单、使用寿命长等诸多优点,在许多行业得到了广泛的应用。而在低流速下,涡街测量就凸显出了它的不足,涡街信号的信噪比很低,有用信号几乎被噪声淹没。普通的涡街流量计采用模拟信号处理方法,在正常流量范围内,涡街流量信号稳定、测量准确、实时性好;而在小流量下,涡街有用信号微弱、提取困难,导致实际测量下限比较高,量程比小,一般为10:1。
鉴于上述模拟涡街流量计具有的优势以及存在的不足,本课题研究并且实现了一台数字涡街流量计。该数字涡街流量计采用了双MSP430单片机的硬件结构,在低流速小流量的情况下,由MSP430F1611单片机实现频谱分析算法来计算涡街信号频率,有效地克服了模拟涡街在小流量下测量精度不高甚至不能测量的问题;在正常流量范围内,由MSP430F149单片机对涡街信号前置放大电路输出的方波进行计频,具有常规模拟涡街在高信噪比的情况下测量准确、实时性好的优点。
本文主要是按照涡街流量计基本原理介绍、硬件电路介绍、软件设计介绍以及实验数据分析的顺序进行阐述的,主要包括:
1.设计了完整的双MSP430单片机的数字涡街流量计硬件电路以及软件程序。成功地实现了一台双MSP430单片机的数字涡街流量计,可以在不同流量之间切换计算频率的方式,从而准确稳定地输出频率。
2.成功地实现了数字涡街流量计的4～20mA电流远传功能。并且在DN50和DN25水流管道上做了大量的实验,证明本数字涡街流量计具有较强的抗干扰能力并且大大降低了下限,扩大了量程比,可达到1:35.3～45.5。
将此数字涡街分别在天津大学水流量实验装置的管径为50mm和25mm的管道上做了大量的实验。结果表明本数字涡街流量计具有很低的测量下限,有效地扩大了涡街的量程比,抗干扰能力强,实时性好,具有很高的实用价值。
The vortex flowmeter is widely used in different fields due to its flexibility to various media, without mobile parts, simple structure and long life etc. However, it has poor performance when operating at low flow rate where the Signal-to-Noise ratio is very small or even the signal is submerged by the noise. The traditional analog vortex flowmeter has benefits of steady signal, high accuracy and good real time in the regular flow range, while it also has a disadvantage of weak signal difficult to detect at low flow rate, which leads to unsatisfying lower limit and a smaller range ratio of 10:1.
Inasmuch as the advantages and the shortage mentioned above of the analog vortex flowmeter, a digital vortex flowmeter has been developed successfully. The digital vortex flowmeter is made up of a couple of MSP430 single chip microconputers. It identifies the vortex signals from noises by the frequency spectrum analyzing algorithm in MSP430F1611 single chip computer at low flow rate where the analog one is not accurate, or even can’t work. Meanwhile it works out by MSP430F149 single chip computer the frequency of the vortex signal that is square waves output from pre-amplifier for the vortex signals in the regular flow range where the Signal-to-Noise ratio isn’t too much small, as the analog one is accurate and real time.
This paper expatiates with the sequence of the introduction of the vortex flowmeter theory, designment of the hardware and software and analysis of experiment. The main points include:
1. The complete circuit and program has been designed. A digital vortex flowmeter with a couple of MSP430 singlechips has been developed successfully. It can choose different method of frequency counting according to variety of the flow and output pulse signal exactly and steadily.
2. The digital vortex flowmeter can also output 4～20 mA current. Lots of experiments have been done at DN25 and DN50 pipelines of the water flow experiment facility. It is proved that the digital vortex flowmeter can reduce the disturbance of noise and lower the limit of measurable flow rate. Furthermore, it widens range ratio to 1:35.3～45.5.
Lots of experiments on the digital vortex flowmeter have been carried out at DN25 and DN50 pipelines of the water flow experiment facility of Tianjin University. The result shows that the pulse output model digital vortex flowmeter has a satisfying lower limit of measurable flow rate that increases the range ratio effectively, strong antijamming ability and good real time and thus it is of great practicability.
鉴于上述模拟涡街流量计具有的优势以及存在的不足,本课题研究并且实现了一台数字涡街流量计。该数字涡街流量计采用了双MSP430单片机的硬件结构,在低流速小流量的情况下,由MSP430F1611单片机实现频谱分析算法来计算涡街信号频率,有效地克服了模拟涡街在小流量下测量精度不高甚至不能测量的问题;在正常流量范围内,由MSP430F149单片机对涡街信号前置放大电路输出的方波进行计频,具有常规模拟涡街在高信噪比的情况下测量准确、实时性好的优点。
本文主要是按照涡街流量计基本原理介绍、硬件电路介绍、软件设计介绍以及实验数据分析的顺序进行阐述的,主要包括:
1.设计了完整的双MSP430单片机的数字涡街流量计硬件电路以及软件程序。成功地实现了一台双MSP430单片机的数字涡街流量计,可以在不同流量之间切换计算频率的方式,从而准确稳定地输出频率。
2.成功地实现了数字涡街流量计的4～20mA电流远传功能。并且在DN50和DN25水流管道上做了大量的实验,证明本数字涡街流量计具有较强的抗干扰能力并且大大降低了下限,扩大了量程比,可达到1:35.3～45.5。
将此数字涡街分别在天津大学水流量实验装置的管径为50mm和25mm的管道上做了大量的实验。结果表明本数字涡街流量计具有很低的测量下限,有效地扩大了涡街的量程比,抗干扰能力强,实时性好,具有很高的实用价值。
The vortex flowmeter is widely used in different fields due to its flexibility to various media, without mobile parts, simple structure and long life etc. However, it has poor performance when operating at low flow rate where the Signal-to-Noise ratio is very small or even the signal is submerged by the noise. The traditional analog vortex flowmeter has benefits of steady signal, high accuracy and good real time in the regular flow range, while it also has a disadvantage of weak signal difficult to detect at low flow rate, which leads to unsatisfying lower limit and a smaller range ratio of 10:1.
Inasmuch as the advantages and the shortage mentioned above of the analog vortex flowmeter, a digital vortex flowmeter has been developed successfully. The digital vortex flowmeter is made up of a couple of MSP430 single chip microconputers. It identifies the vortex signals from noises by the frequency spectrum analyzing algorithm in MSP430F1611 single chip computer at low flow rate where the analog one is not accurate, or even can’t work. Meanwhile it works out by MSP430F149 single chip computer the frequency of the vortex signal that is square waves output from pre-amplifier for the vortex signals in the regular flow range where the Signal-to-Noise ratio isn’t too much small, as the analog one is accurate and real time.
This paper expatiates with the sequence of the introduction of the vortex flowmeter theory, designment of the hardware and software and analysis of experiment. The main points include:
1. The complete circuit and program has been designed. A digital vortex flowmeter with a couple of MSP430 singlechips has been developed successfully. It can choose different method of frequency counting according to variety of the flow and output pulse signal exactly and steadily.
2. The digital vortex flowmeter can also output 4～20 mA current. Lots of experiments have been done at DN25 and DN50 pipelines of the water flow experiment facility. It is proved that the digital vortex flowmeter can reduce the disturbance of noise and lower the limit of measurable flow rate. Furthermore, it widens range ratio to 1:35.3～45.5.
Lots of experiments on the digital vortex flowmeter have been carried out at DN25 and DN50 pipelines of the water flow experiment facility of Tianjin University. The result shows that the pulse output model digital vortex flowmeter has a satisfying lower limit of measurable flow rate that increases the range ratio effectively, strong antijamming ability and good real time and thus it is of great practicability.
引文
[1]王波,光纤涡街流量计的研制:[硕士学位论文],北京;北京化工大学,2004
[2]吴达科,智能涡街流量计的设计研究:[硕士学位论文],重庆;西南农业大学,2003.5
[3]孙淮清,姜仲霞,“流量测量技术与仪表选用”讲座第十八讲涡街流量计(一),自动化仪表,1998,19(9):43-45
[4]朱德祥,流量仪表原理和应用,上海:华东化工学院出版社,1992.65-153
[5]孙淮清,姜仲霞,“流量测量技术与仪表选用”讲座第二十讲涡街流量计(二),自动化仪表,1998,19(10):42-46
[6]梁国伟,蔡武昌,流量测量技术及仪表,北京:机械工业出版社,2002.6-13
[7]王肖芬,涡街流量计数字信号处理和传感器动态非线性建模:[硕士学位论文],安徽;安徽工业大学,2004.6
[8]黄云志,徐科军,涡街流量计信号处理方法与系统的研究现状,自动化仪表,2003,24(8):1-4
[9]Leo O’Connor, Vortex meters:high-accuracy flow measurement,Mechanical Engineering, 1991;(10):46-49
[10]马凤英,应力式涡街流量传感器的信号处理,自动化仪表,1988,9(3):10-14
[11]段瑞峰,基于双核技术的数字涡街流量计信号处理系统:[硕士学位论文],天津;天津大学,2004
[12]毕厚馥,功率谱估计,华东师范大学学报(自然科学报)[J]1991,1991(3):44-50
[13]J. E. Amadi-Echendu, Hengjun Zhu , Signal analysis applied to vortex flowmeters,IEEE transactions on instrumentation and measurement, 1992, 41(6):1001-1004
[14]SCHLATTER , Gerald, L. Signal Processing Method and Apparatus for Flowmeter. WO 90/04230, 19 April 1990
[15]Amadi-Echendu J E,Zhu H J,Higham E H,Analysis of from vortex flowmeter,Flow measurement and instrumentation,1993,4(4):225-232
[16]Masanori Hondoh, Masami Wada, Tetsuo Andoh,A vortex flowmeter with spectral analysis signal processing,Sensors for Industry Conference,2001,35-40
[17]Masanori Hondoh, Masami Wada, et al,A vortex flowmeter with spectral analysis signal processing,Sicon'01 Sensors for Industry Conference, 2002
[18]YOKOGAWA漩涡流量计选型设计资料
[19]ABB涡街流量计手册
[20]Lowell A. Kleven,et al,Rapid transfer function determination for a tracking filter,US 5942696, 1999,8
[21]Lowell A. Kleven,et al,Vortex Flowmeter with Signal Processing, US6412353B1, 2002,7
[22]Wada et al. Vortex Flowmeter, US 6480812B1, 2002,11
[23]蒙建波,朱麟章,自适应频率测量方法(AMF)及其在涡街流量计中的应用,自动化学报,1992,18(3):362-366
[24]朱麟章,蒙建波,叶志明等, ZLX型智能涡街流量显示仪,自动化仪表,1994,15(1):12-16
[25]龚振起,顾先立,龚海涛,智能化旋涡流量积算显示系统的研究,哈尔滨工业大学学报,1996,28(5):39-42
[26]徐科军,汪枫,涡街流量计信号处理的软件方法,仪器技术与传感器,1995,(5):22-25
[27]顾倩,张崇巍,最大熵谱分析法在流量测量中的应用,全国第六届非电量电测会议论文,1990
[28]徐科军,汪安民,涡街流量计信号估计的自适应陷波方法,仪器仪表学报,2000,21(2):222-224
[29]徐科军,汪安民,基于小波变换的涡街流量计信号处理方法,仪器仪表学报,2001,22(6):636-639
[30]徐科军,黄云志,强干扰下涡街流量计信号处理方法的研究,电子测量与仪器仪表学报,2000(增刊):437-440
[31]徐科军,汪安民,涡街流量计的一种信号处理方法,山东工业大学学报,1999,34(3A):221-223
[32]徐科军,吕迅宏,陈荣保等,基于DSP、具有谱分析功能的涡街流量计信号处理系统,仪器仪表学报,2001,22(3):255-264
[33]李文炜,肖善副,黎亚龙,嵌入式数字智能涡街流量计的设计开发,现代电子技术,2003(13):99-102
[34]刘轶,自回归模型谱估计在理论测量中的应用:[硕士学位论文],西安;西北工业大学,2002
[35]吴鹏,子波消噪法在涡街流量传感器信号处理中的应用研究:[硕士学位论文],天津;天津大学,2003
[36]凌箐,涡街流量计信号处理的松弛陷波周期图法:[硕士学位论文],天津;天津大学,2002
[37]Sun Hong-jun, Zhang Tao, WAVELET DENOISING METHOD USED IN THE VORTEX FLOWMETER, IEEE International Conference on Machine and Cybernetics 2003
[38]张涛,吴鹏,基于子波变换的消噪方法在涡街流量传感器中的应用,天津大学学报,2003,36(1): 33-36
[39]张涛,吴鹏,基于子波变换的涡街流量传感器信号分析,计量学报,2003,24(3): 199-201
[40]Warren E. cook,Adaptive filter with sweep analyzer for a vortex flowmeter, US 6212975, 2001,4
[41]张涛,段瑞峰,孙宏军,基于双核技术的数字涡街流量计信号处理系统.化工自动化及仪表,2004,31(6):71-74
[42]邢娟,脉冲输出型数字涡街流量计的研究:[硕士学位论文],天津;天津大学,2005.12
[43]夏学湔,邓学荃,工程分离流动力学,北京:北京航空航天出版社,1991.161-166
[44]苏彦勋,李金海,流量计量,北京:中国计量出版社,1991.131-141
[45]姜仲霞,涡街流量计现场应用的干扰与对策,自动化仪表,1992,13(8):31-36
[46]胡广书,数字信号处理理论、算法与实现,北京:清华大学出版社,2003.501-519
[47]张雄伟,陈亮,徐光辉,DSP芯片的原理与开发应用,北京:电子工业出版社,2003
[48]张昌菊,唐斌,单频信号快速频率估计算法比较及改进,电视技术,2005,1(1):72-75
[49]Texas Instruments Application Report SPRA164,Texas Instruments,1997,6
[50]孙玉杰,涡街流量计前置放大器的研制,东北电力技术,1998,8(8):43-46
[51]魏小龙,MSP430系列单片机接口技术及系统设计实例,北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2002
[52]金永贤,智能化电子产品的低功耗设计,华东交通大学学报,2001,18(1):15-16
[2]吴达科,智能涡街流量计的设计研究:[硕士学位论文],重庆;西南农业大学,2003.5
[3]孙淮清,姜仲霞,“流量测量技术与仪表选用”讲座第十八讲涡街流量计(一),自动化仪表,1998,19(9):43-45
[4]朱德祥,流量仪表原理和应用,上海:华东化工学院出版社,1992.65-153
[5]孙淮清,姜仲霞,“流量测量技术与仪表选用”讲座第二十讲涡街流量计(二),自动化仪表,1998,19(10):42-46
[6]梁国伟,蔡武昌,流量测量技术及仪表,北京:机械工业出版社,2002.6-13
[7]王肖芬,涡街流量计数字信号处理和传感器动态非线性建模:[硕士学位论文],安徽;安徽工业大学,2004.6
[8]黄云志,徐科军,涡街流量计信号处理方法与系统的研究现状,自动化仪表,2003,24(8):1-4
[9]Leo O’Connor, Vortex meters:high-accuracy flow measurement,Mechanical Engineering, 1991;(10):46-49
[10]马凤英,应力式涡街流量传感器的信号处理,自动化仪表,1988,9(3):10-14
[11]段瑞峰,基于双核技术的数字涡街流量计信号处理系统:[硕士学位论文],天津;天津大学,2004
[12]毕厚馥,功率谱估计,华东师范大学学报(自然科学报)[J]1991,1991(3):44-50
[13]J. E. Amadi-Echendu, Hengjun Zhu , Signal analysis applied to vortex flowmeters,IEEE transactions on instrumentation and measurement, 1992, 41(6):1001-1004
[14]SCHLATTER , Gerald, L. Signal Processing Method and Apparatus for Flowmeter. WO 90/04230, 19 April 1990
[15]Amadi-Echendu J E,Zhu H J,Higham E H,Analysis of from vortex flowmeter,Flow measurement and instrumentation,1993,4(4):225-232
[16]Masanori Hondoh, Masami Wada, Tetsuo Andoh,A vortex flowmeter with spectral analysis signal processing,Sensors for Industry Conference,2001,35-40
[17]Masanori Hondoh, Masami Wada, et al,A vortex flowmeter with spectral analysis signal processing,Sicon'01 Sensors for Industry Conference, 2002
[18]YOKOGAWA漩涡流量计选型设计资料
[19]ABB涡街流量计手册
[20]Lowell A. Kleven,et al,Rapid transfer function determination for a tracking filter,US 5942696, 1999,8
[21]Lowell A. Kleven,et al,Vortex Flowmeter with Signal Processing, US6412353B1, 2002,7
[22]Wada et al. Vortex Flowmeter, US 6480812B1, 2002,11
[23]蒙建波,朱麟章,自适应频率测量方法(AMF)及其在涡街流量计中的应用,自动化学报,1992,18(3):362-366
[24]朱麟章,蒙建波,叶志明等, ZLX型智能涡街流量显示仪,自动化仪表,1994,15(1):12-16
[25]龚振起,顾先立,龚海涛,智能化旋涡流量积算显示系统的研究,哈尔滨工业大学学报,1996,28(5):39-42
[26]徐科军,汪枫,涡街流量计信号处理的软件方法,仪器技术与传感器,1995,(5):22-25
[27]顾倩,张崇巍,最大熵谱分析法在流量测量中的应用,全国第六届非电量电测会议论文,1990
[28]徐科军,汪安民,涡街流量计信号估计的自适应陷波方法,仪器仪表学报,2000,21(2):222-224
[29]徐科军,汪安民,基于小波变换的涡街流量计信号处理方法,仪器仪表学报,2001,22(6):636-639
[30]徐科军,黄云志,强干扰下涡街流量计信号处理方法的研究,电子测量与仪器仪表学报,2000(增刊):437-440
[31]徐科军,汪安民,涡街流量计的一种信号处理方法,山东工业大学学报,1999,34(3A):221-223
[32]徐科军,吕迅宏,陈荣保等,基于DSP、具有谱分析功能的涡街流量计信号处理系统,仪器仪表学报,2001,22(3):255-264
[33]李文炜,肖善副,黎亚龙,嵌入式数字智能涡街流量计的设计开发,现代电子技术,2003(13):99-102
[34]刘轶,自回归模型谱估计在理论测量中的应用:[硕士学位论文],西安;西北工业大学,2002
[35]吴鹏,子波消噪法在涡街流量传感器信号处理中的应用研究:[硕士学位论文],天津;天津大学,2003
[36]凌箐,涡街流量计信号处理的松弛陷波周期图法:[硕士学位论文],天津;天津大学,2002
[37]Sun Hong-jun, Zhang Tao, WAVELET DENOISING METHOD USED IN THE VORTEX FLOWMETER, IEEE International Conference on Machine and Cybernetics 2003
[38]张涛,吴鹏,基于子波变换的消噪方法在涡街流量传感器中的应用,天津大学学报,2003,36(1): 33-36
[39]张涛,吴鹏,基于子波变换的涡街流量传感器信号分析,计量学报,2003,24(3): 199-201
[40]Warren E. cook,Adaptive filter with sweep analyzer for a vortex flowmeter, US 6212975, 2001,4
[41]张涛,段瑞峰,孙宏军,基于双核技术的数字涡街流量计信号处理系统.化工自动化及仪表,2004,31(6):71-74
[42]邢娟,脉冲输出型数字涡街流量计的研究:[硕士学位论文],天津;天津大学,2005.12
[43]夏学湔,邓学荃,工程分离流动力学,北京:北京航空航天出版社,1991.161-166
[44]苏彦勋,李金海,流量计量,北京:中国计量出版社,1991.131-141
[45]姜仲霞,涡街流量计现场应用的干扰与对策,自动化仪表,1992,13(8):31-36
[46]胡广书,数字信号处理理论、算法与实现,北京:清华大学出版社,2003.501-519
[47]张雄伟,陈亮,徐光辉,DSP芯片的原理与开发应用,北京:电子工业出版社,2003
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