组播视频会议系统研究与实现
摘要
IP网络技术和信息处理技术的迅猛发展使得视频会议系统得到了广泛的关注。视频会议系统作为一种新型的通信和交流工具,突破了地域的限制,可以提供更为便捷、灵活、全面的视音频信息的传递和服务,具有极其广泛的发展前景和应用价值。
传统的面向连接的传输结构存在网络带宽开销过大、终端负担重、伸缩性差以及控制复杂等缺点。为此,本文首先引入了三个评价会议系统传输结构性能的度量指标,对传统会议系统传输结构进行分类和评价,然后特别比较了面向连接的传输结构与组播传输结构之间的性能区别；描述了我们提出的基于源根组播树的会议系统模型、基于该模型开发的一个IP组播多点交互式桌面视频会议系统,包括系统结构和有关实现技术。
实际使用表明,基于组播树的多点会议系统具有网络传输开销小、系统复杂度低、支持更多用户等特点。
With the development of IP network and information processing technology, video conferencing system becomes more and more important and value than before. As the means of new communication platform and information exchanging, more convenient, flexible and complete service and transmission can be offered by video conferencing system without limit of areas. It has very extensive development foreground and can be used in many different areas.
Recognizing traditional communication models of videoconferencing systems have many disadvantages such as many connections, high complexity and low scalability, this paper first proposes three measurement indicators to category and evaluate transmission of traditional conferencing systems. And then compared the special connection-oriented multicast transmission structure and transmission properties of the difference between structure. We have developed an IP multi-point interactive desk videoconferencing syetem base on our system model.
Actual use show that the multi-point video conferencing system based on the IP multicast tree has small network transmission costs, low system complexity, more users to support and so on.
传统的面向连接的传输结构存在网络带宽开销过大、终端负担重、伸缩性差以及控制复杂等缺点。为此,本文首先引入了三个评价会议系统传输结构性能的度量指标,对传统会议系统传输结构进行分类和评价,然后特别比较了面向连接的传输结构与组播传输结构之间的性能区别；描述了我们提出的基于源根组播树的会议系统模型、基于该模型开发的一个IP组播多点交互式桌面视频会议系统,包括系统结构和有关实现技术。
实际使用表明,基于组播树的多点会议系统具有网络传输开销小、系统复杂度低、支持更多用户等特点。
With the development of IP network and information processing technology, video conferencing system becomes more and more important and value than before. As the means of new communication platform and information exchanging, more convenient, flexible and complete service and transmission can be offered by video conferencing system without limit of areas. It has very extensive development foreground and can be used in many different areas.
Recognizing traditional communication models of videoconferencing systems have many disadvantages such as many connections, high complexity and low scalability, this paper first proposes three measurement indicators to category and evaluate transmission of traditional conferencing systems. And then compared the special connection-oriented multicast transmission structure and transmission properties of the difference between structure. We have developed an IP multi-point interactive desk videoconferencing syetem base on our system model.
Actual use show that the multi-point video conferencing system based on the IP multicast tree has small network transmission costs, low system complexity, more users to support and so on.
引文
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[2]田瑞雄,向哲,李星.基于分层排列图结构的流媒体应用层组播系统.清华大学学报(自然科学版),2004,44(4)：493-497
[3]王家乐,覃铭闻.多媒体通信标准的分析与展望.福建电脑,2007,(7)：32-33
[4]张登银,张玮伟.基于TAPI3.0的IP电话连接与控制[J].微机发展,2004,14(11)：71-73
[5]荣治国,IP多播桌面视频会议系统及关键技术的研究：[硕士论文].长沙：中南大学,2004
[6]傅宝玉.视频会议系统及其在远程教育中的应用.湖北广播电视大学学报,2005,(02)：98-100
[7]李征.视频会议系统的技术与发展.中国有线电视,2005,(03／04)：266-268
[8]李辉,胡瑞敏,艾浩军,等.基于RTP的多媒体流的自适应传输与同步控制策略[J].计算机工程与应用,2004,40(5)：174-175
[9]蒋涛,许延,陈清全.网络环境下视频连续播放技术与算法.计算机应用与软件,2007,(5)：143-146
[10]谭祖国.基于H.323协议的实时多媒体网络系统中QoS的保证与实现[J].计算机应用与软件,2004,21(7)：77-81
[11]阮宝亮.视频会议系统在网络中的应用.集团经济研究,2006,7(178)：111-114
[12]隆益民.视频会议系统的设计与实现.网络安全技术与应用,2006,(2)：57-60
[13]李长河,王永强.多媒体通信协议H.323,H.324及SIP的分析与研究.微机发展,2003,(6)：71-73
[14]陈巍巍,葛听,赵树枫,等.视频会议在远程招聘中的应用.微计算机信息,2006,22(4-3)：149-150
[15]杨高波,韩龙.视频会议系统综述.电视技术,2004,(09)：45-46
[16]黄若宏,刘怀兰,陈永强.音视频流和屏幕流的同步传输方法研究.计算机工程与设计,2007,28(19)：4686-4689
[17]罗建川,刘守印.实时传输协议RTP的研究及其应用[J].计算机工程与 应用,2001,(3)：82-83
[18]S. Weogcr. H.264/AVC over IP. IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. Video Technol,2003,13:645-656
[19]张岩峰,王翠荣,赵煜辉,等.视频会议中的同步缓冲设计.计算机科学,2008,35(4)：82-84
[20]ITU-T. H.264. Advanced video coding for generic audio visual services. Geneva, Switzerland:ITU, March 2003
[21]任延珍,喻占武,胡瑞敏.基于RTP/RTCP协议的实时数据传输与同步控制策略[J].计算机工程与应用,2003(10)：144-147
[22]宋柱芹,熊建设,徐洪梅,等.一种适用于IP视频会议的混合式组播技术研究.电子技术应用,2006,(2)：47-49
[23]李珺晟,余镇危,潘耘.应用层组播综述.计算机应用研究,2004,(11)：14-17
[24]樊华,朱莉,王媛妮.在基于H.323的视频会议中实现负载均衡.计算机技术与发展,2006,16(4)：122-124
[25]程灏,聂雪.视频实时传输的研究与实现.西安文理学院学报(自然科学版),2005,8(3)：65-67
[26]郑艳华,何永玲.基于RTP/RTCP的网络多媒体传输系统的设计.广州大学学报(自然科学版),2007,6(5)：69-72
[27]郑晓光,铁玲,诸鸿文.LDAP目录服务的身份认证机制研究[J].信息安全与通信保密,2004,(1)：30-32
[28]王玉瑛,孙捷,李晓丽.IP组播关键技术分析及其在视频会议系统中的应用[J].甘肃科技,2005,21(7)：81-83
[29]郑阿奇.数字视频音频实时同步传输探索与实现.南京师范大学学报(工程技术版),2002,2(3)：16-20
[30]宋玲,陈燕.基于H.332的纯软件视频会议系统研究与实现.计算机工程与应用,2006,(19)：208-211
[31]黄求根,吴宛萍,卢强华.TAPI3.0的体系结构与应用[J].计算机应用研究,2000,(1)：33-34
[32]尹传箭,陈哲,张永林.基于IE浏览器的IP组播视频会议系统.计算机工程与设计,2006,27(19)：3568-3570
[33]Fengmin Gong. Multipoint Audio and Video Control For Conferencing Packet-Based Multimedia Conferencing. ACM Multimedia, Oct. 1994:425-432
[34]张学武,杨学星,江冰.基于H.263的视频编码、解码的研究及软件实现[J].计算机工程与设计,2005,26(9)：2491-2493
[35]魏芳,李学明.改进的H.264视频编码方案[J].计算机工程与设计,2005,26(5)：1161-1163
[36]Jeferson Han, Brian Smith. CU-SeeMe VR Immersive Desktop Teleconferencing. ACM Multimedia, Boston USA,1996,10:199-207
[37]Cisco IP/VC 3540 Series Videoconferencing System, Cisco Product Catalog, March,2003
[38]清华同方.网络会议系统(TNC)产品说明书.2003
[39]Yang-hua Chu, Sanjay G. Rao, Srinivasan Seshan and Hui Zhang. Enabling Conferencing Applications on the Internet Using an Overlay Multicast Architecture. SIGCOMM' 2001,San Diego, California, USA, August,2001:55-67
[40]欧阳云,史殿习,邹鹏,等.支持协同应用的一种组通信方案的设计与实现.计算机工程与科学,2000,22(5)：48-51
[41]陆西宁,郑玉山.基于H.263解压算法和UDP协议的多方视频会议系统.计算机工程与设计,2007,28(7)：1578-1580
[42]何炎祥,邓爱林,杜卓敏.多媒体会议系统分层通信结构及其算法研究.计算机学报,2001,24(5)：516-520
[43]Sherlia Shi.A Proposal for a Scalable Mulitcast Architecture. Techniue Report, Washington University, USA, May 2001
[44]Q. Zhu, M. Barsa, and J. Garcia-Luna-Aceves. A Source-Based Algorithm for Delay-Constrained Minimal-Cost Multicast. Proc. IEEE INFOCOM'95,1995:377-384.
[45]Sara Baase, Allen Van Gelder. Computer Algorithms:Design and Analysis. Beijing:High Education Press and Pearson Education Group,2001.388-389
[46]V. P. Kompella, J. C. Pasquale, and G. C. Polyzo. Multicast Routing for Multimedia Communication. IEEE/ACM Transaction on Network,1993, 28:286-292
[47]J.Moy. Multicast Extensions to OSPF Network Working Group Intenret Draft, November 1991
[48]廖敬一,裘正定.异质性网络多媒体通信的多播路由算法.计算机研究与发展,2001,37(12)：1445-1470
[49]董军,潘云鹤.路由选择的多Agent模型.计算机学报,2000,23(2)：221-226
[50]Schoonderwoerd Rund. Ant-like agents for Load Balancing in Telecommunications Networks. Available at htp://www-uk. hpl. hp.com/ people/rund/abc. html,1996
[51]V.P. Kompella, J. C.Pasquale, and G. C. Polyzo. Two Distributed Algorithms for Multicasting Multimedia Information. Proc. ICCCN'93,1993:343-349
[52]K.Carlberg and J.Crowcroft. Building shared trees using a one-to-many joining mechanism. Computer Communication. Jan.1997.5-11
[53]L.Kou, G.Markowsky, and L. Berman. A Fast Algorithm for Steiner Trees. Acta Information,1981.41-45
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