分布式能源系统建筑应用理论研究
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摘要
在世界能源的最新发展中,冷热电联产系统以其在分布式能源系统中的应用优势,显示出了巨大的潜力。分布式能源系统大多是多联产或多功能系统,单独运用冷热电联产系统,可以实现给一栋大楼或小区同时供应冷、热、电三种能量的任务,如果冷热电联产系统联合其他的分布式能源系统同时应用,那么燃气轮机冷热电联产系统将会发挥更大的作用。
建筑用能与分布式能源系统有机结合的理论研究具有重要的意义,不仅可以使能源系统做到有的放矢,还可以使建筑研究产生革命性的变化,使能源节流变革为既开源又节流。
本文首先对楼宇冷热电联产系统的工作原理、特点和集成形式进行了分析,定义了适合楼宇冷热电联产系统性能的评价指标:经济(火用)效率、相对节能率,同时总能源利用率通常在系统评价时仍然被列出;其次本文对燃气轮机联产系统的设计工况进行了充分的研究,分析了联产系统的热力学性能和经济性能,重点强调了吸收式制冷系统性能对联产系统的影响,并以长沙某教师公寓为模拟对象,充分展示了联产系统相对于分产系统的优越性。另外本文对燃气轮机联产系统的变工况进行了理论研究,分析了各个子系统的变工况特性,研究表明,变工况时,随负荷降低,系统变工况性能均大幅下降,并提出了冷热电联产系统变工况的改进措施,当联产系统采用回热可调的燃气轮机或与蓄能系统结合时,变工况的性能会有相当程度的改善。
本文对现有多种评价指标进行了必要的讨论,明确了可以指导实际应用和系统优化的评价指标,有利于联产系统的正常发展;揭示了燃气轮机冷热电联产系统的设计工况和变工况特性规律,为该种类型的联产系统的设计优化和运行优化提供了支持;本文的研究成果对天然气基CCHP系统建筑应用有一定的参考意义。
Distributed energy which is a new direction in energy field across the world, usually in the form of polygeneration and multifunctinal system, presents huge potential for its dominant position in combined cooling, heating and power systems. The GT-CCHP systems can independently supply three kinds of energy forms to a building or neighborhoods.Besides, combined with other distributed generators in a DES, the GT-CCHP systems can play an important role.
The theoretical study on dynamic integration of energy usage in buildings with DES is of great significance, which sets a definite purpose for energy system, brings about a revolutionary change in building research and adds opening source on energy usage reduction in energy saving study.
Firstly, the working principle, characteristics and system integration of building CCHP system are analyzed and evaluation indicators applying to building CCHP system are defined, including economic exergy efficiency and relative energy saving rate, total energy utilization ratio also outlined in evaluation system. Then, a deep research is conducted on the design condition of GT-CCHP system, the thermodynamics and economic characteristics. The effect absorption chiller/heater’s properties have on CCHP is emphasized. This paper takes the energy simulation of a teachers’apartment in Changsha as an example to demonstrate the advantages of CCHP system over separated system. Besides, theoretical study is shown about the part-load working conditions of GT-CCHP system, including the off-design condition characteristics of each subsystem. It is concluded that CCHP performance deteriorates remarkably with the decrease of load on part-load condition. The measurement to improve the performance of CCHP system under full-load conditions is proposed. It’s found that the combination of storage system with CCHP and using the gas turbine with adjustable waste heat function can improve the system performance well under part-load working condition.
The existing evaluation norms are discussed in this paper and the norms guiding practical application and system optimization are determined, conducive to the development of cogeneration system. The characteristics of GT-based CCHP system under full-load and part-load conditions are revealed, providing design and operation optimization for this form of cogeneration system. The research results in this paper act as a guidance for the application of gas-based CCHP system on buildings.
建筑用能与分布式能源系统有机结合的理论研究具有重要的意义,不仅可以使能源系统做到有的放矢,还可以使建筑研究产生革命性的变化,使能源节流变革为既开源又节流。
本文首先对楼宇冷热电联产系统的工作原理、特点和集成形式进行了分析,定义了适合楼宇冷热电联产系统性能的评价指标:经济(火用)效率、相对节能率,同时总能源利用率通常在系统评价时仍然被列出;其次本文对燃气轮机联产系统的设计工况进行了充分的研究,分析了联产系统的热力学性能和经济性能,重点强调了吸收式制冷系统性能对联产系统的影响,并以长沙某教师公寓为模拟对象,充分展示了联产系统相对于分产系统的优越性。另外本文对燃气轮机联产系统的变工况进行了理论研究,分析了各个子系统的变工况特性,研究表明,变工况时,随负荷降低,系统变工况性能均大幅下降,并提出了冷热电联产系统变工况的改进措施,当联产系统采用回热可调的燃气轮机或与蓄能系统结合时,变工况的性能会有相当程度的改善。
本文对现有多种评价指标进行了必要的讨论,明确了可以指导实际应用和系统优化的评价指标,有利于联产系统的正常发展;揭示了燃气轮机冷热电联产系统的设计工况和变工况特性规律,为该种类型的联产系统的设计优化和运行优化提供了支持;本文的研究成果对天然气基CCHP系统建筑应用有一定的参考意义。
Distributed energy which is a new direction in energy field across the world, usually in the form of polygeneration and multifunctinal system, presents huge potential for its dominant position in combined cooling, heating and power systems. The GT-CCHP systems can independently supply three kinds of energy forms to a building or neighborhoods.Besides, combined with other distributed generators in a DES, the GT-CCHP systems can play an important role.
The theoretical study on dynamic integration of energy usage in buildings with DES is of great significance, which sets a definite purpose for energy system, brings about a revolutionary change in building research and adds opening source on energy usage reduction in energy saving study.
Firstly, the working principle, characteristics and system integration of building CCHP system are analyzed and evaluation indicators applying to building CCHP system are defined, including economic exergy efficiency and relative energy saving rate, total energy utilization ratio also outlined in evaluation system. Then, a deep research is conducted on the design condition of GT-CCHP system, the thermodynamics and economic characteristics. The effect absorption chiller/heater’s properties have on CCHP is emphasized. This paper takes the energy simulation of a teachers’apartment in Changsha as an example to demonstrate the advantages of CCHP system over separated system. Besides, theoretical study is shown about the part-load working conditions of GT-CCHP system, including the off-design condition characteristics of each subsystem. It is concluded that CCHP performance deteriorates remarkably with the decrease of load on part-load condition. The measurement to improve the performance of CCHP system under full-load conditions is proposed. It’s found that the combination of storage system with CCHP and using the gas turbine with adjustable waste heat function can improve the system performance well under part-load working condition.
The existing evaluation norms are discussed in this paper and the norms guiding practical application and system optimization are determined, conducive to the development of cogeneration system. The characteristics of GT-based CCHP system under full-load and part-load conditions are revealed, providing design and operation optimization for this form of cogeneration system. The research results in this paper act as a guidance for the application of gas-based CCHP system on buildings.
引文
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[6]涂逢祥,王庆一.建筑节能一中国节能战略的必然选择(上).节能与环保,2004(8):15-18
[7]顾年华,尤丽霞,吴育华.2l世纪我国新能源开发展望.中国能源,2002,24(1):37-38
[8]吴仲华.能的梯级利用与燃气轮机总能系统.北京:机械工业出版社,1988,3-25
[9]金红光.排气全燃型联合循环热电并供系统分析及其应用:[硕士学位论文].北京:中国科学院,1990,18-55
[10]林汝谋,金红光,方钢.石化企业中功热并供和联合循环的应用.工业技术,1987(2):30-31
[11] Kamil Kaygusuz, Abdullab Kaygusoz. Geothermal energy in Turkey: the sustainable future. Renewable and sustainable eneffgy reviews, 2004, 8(6): 545-563
[12] Onder Ozgener, Arif Hepbasli. Exergoeconomic analysis of a solar assisted ground-source heat pump greenhouse heating system. Applied thermal engineering, 2005, 25: 1459-1471
[13] Lu Aye, W.W.S.Charters, C.Camichanm Solar heat pump systems for domestic hot water. Solar energy, 2002, 73(3): 169-175
[14] Chaofeng Xian, Huilong Luo, Runshang Tang, et a1. Solar thermal utilization in China. Renewable energy, 2004, 29: 1549-1556
[15] D.yogi Goswami, Feng Xu, Analysis of a new thermodynamic cycle for combined power and cooling using low and mid temperature solar collectors. ASME, J.solar energy engineering, 1999, 121(2): 91-97
[16] Sudhakar Reddy, J.P.Painuly. Diffusion of renewable energy technologies-barriers and stakeholders’perspectives. Renewable energy, 2004, 29: 1431-1447
[17] Carrie L, Sonncborn. Renewable energy and market-based approaches to greenhouse gas reduction-opportunity or obstacle? Energy Policy, 2004, 32(6): 799-1805
[18]周远,王如竹.制冷与低温工程.北京:中国电力出版社,2003,102-106
[19] A.M.Papadopoulos, S.Oxizidis, N.gyriakis. Perspectives of solar cooling in view of the developmemts in the air-conditioning sector, Renewable and sustainable energy reviews, 2003, 7(5): 419-438
[20]江亿,薛志峰.商业建筑节能技术与市场分析.中国能源,2000,22(4):37-39
[21] Stefano Campanari, Luca Boncompagni, Ennio Macclti. Microturbin and trigeneretion: optimization strategies and multiple engine configuration effects. Proceeding of ASME Turbo Expo 2002, GT-2002-30417
[22] Yunho Hwang. Potential energy benefits of integrated refrigeration system with mieroturbine and absorption chiller. Intemational J. of refrigeration, 2004, 27: 816-829
[23] C.D.Mone, D.S.Chan, P.E.Phelan. Economic feasibility of combined heat and power and absorption refrigeration with commercially available gas turbines, Energy conversion&management, 2001. 42: 1559-1573
[24] Tuula Savola, llkka Keppo. Off-design simulation and mathematical modeling of small-scale CHP plants at part loads. Applied thermal engineering, 2005, 25: 1219-1232
[25] Knut Bernotat, Thomas Sandberg, Biomass fired small-scale CHP in Sweden and the Baltic States: a case study on the potential of clustered dwellings. Biomass and Bioanergy, 2004, 27: 52l-530
[26] R.Sontag, A.Lange. Cost effectiveness of decentralized energy supply systems taking solar and wind utilization plants into account. Renewable Energy, 2003, 28: 1865-1880
[27] Poul Alberg Ostergard. Transmission-grid requirements with scattered and fluctuating renewable electricity-sources. Applied Energy, 2003, 76: 247-255
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