光纤布拉格光栅在掺铒光纤激光器中应用
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摘要
可调谐光纤激光器不仅是波分复用光纤通讯系统中的关键器件,还可以运用于相干光通信、光纤传感器和光谱分析等领域。声光可调谐掺铒光纤激光器利用集成光学声光可调谐滤波器(IAOTF)为调谐元件,具有调谐范围大,输出线宽窄,调谐速度快,调谐方便可靠并能直接与光纤匹配等优点。
本课题是在声光可调谐滤波器尚未成熟的情况下,以光纤布拉格光栅作为滤波元件,进行的掺铒光纤激光器的研究。内容主要分三部分:1、介绍声光可调谐掺铒光纤激光器的基础理论和应用;2、根据光纤布拉格光栅的滤波特性,分析其在掺铒光纤激光器中分别作为饱和吸收体和滤波元件这两方面的应用;3、掺铒光纤激光器的实验研究,对基于光纤光栅滤波的线形腔和环形腔掺铒光纤激光器的实验结果进行对比和分析,由于两种连接的腔损耗不同,因此环形腔的阈值高于线形腔。但由于环形腔中泵浦光能充分得到吸收,转化效率高,因此输出激光功率值明显好于线形腔。得出在光纤长度一定时,腔结构的改变导致腔损耗及激光产生阈值的改变,进一步导致激射中心波长FWHM变化的结论。实验结果在理论上得到了验证。
Tunable fiber laser is not only an important kind of device in wavelength-division-multiplexing fiber communication system, but also can be used in the fields of coherent communication, fiber sensor and spectrum analysis. Tunable erbium-doped fiber laser using an integrated optics acousto-optical tunable wavelength filter is studied, which has many advantages such as wide tunable range, narrow line width.
The research is based on FBG as the filter by reason of acousto-optical tunable filter is during the experiment .The research is composed of three main parts: 1.Introduce the theory of acousto-optical tunable Erbium-doped fiber laser .2.Research on fiber bragg grating, what is analyzed is the application of FBG in Tunable Er3+-Doped Fiber Laser, which is based on the filter charactor. The application is about the saturated absorber part and the filter part.3.The experiment about the tunable Er3+-Doped Fiber Laser. Analyse the result of line-frame and circle-frame experiment. Because the losses are difference, the threshold of circle- frame is higher than line- frame. The light can be absorbed sufficiently, so the output of circle-frame is better than line-frame. The conclusion is that, when the length of fiber is fixed, different frames lead to different threshold, and the FWHM is different. The result of experiment is proved theoretically.
本课题是在声光可调谐滤波器尚未成熟的情况下,以光纤布拉格光栅作为滤波元件,进行的掺铒光纤激光器的研究。内容主要分三部分:1、介绍声光可调谐掺铒光纤激光器的基础理论和应用;2、根据光纤布拉格光栅的滤波特性,分析其在掺铒光纤激光器中分别作为饱和吸收体和滤波元件这两方面的应用;3、掺铒光纤激光器的实验研究,对基于光纤光栅滤波的线形腔和环形腔掺铒光纤激光器的实验结果进行对比和分析,由于两种连接的腔损耗不同,因此环形腔的阈值高于线形腔。但由于环形腔中泵浦光能充分得到吸收,转化效率高,因此输出激光功率值明显好于线形腔。得出在光纤长度一定时,腔结构的改变导致腔损耗及激光产生阈值的改变,进一步导致激射中心波长FWHM变化的结论。实验结果在理论上得到了验证。
Tunable fiber laser is not only an important kind of device in wavelength-division-multiplexing fiber communication system, but also can be used in the fields of coherent communication, fiber sensor and spectrum analysis. Tunable erbium-doped fiber laser using an integrated optics acousto-optical tunable wavelength filter is studied, which has many advantages such as wide tunable range, narrow line width.
The research is based on FBG as the filter by reason of acousto-optical tunable filter is during the experiment .The research is composed of three main parts: 1.Introduce the theory of acousto-optical tunable Erbium-doped fiber laser .2.Research on fiber bragg grating, what is analyzed is the application of FBG in Tunable Er3+-Doped Fiber Laser, which is based on the filter charactor. The application is about the saturated absorber part and the filter part.3.The experiment about the tunable Er3+-Doped Fiber Laser. Analyse the result of line-frame and circle-frame experiment. Because the losses are difference, the threshold of circle- frame is higher than line- frame. The light can be absorbed sufficiently, so the output of circle-frame is better than line-frame. The conclusion is that, when the length of fiber is fixed, different frames lead to different threshold, and the FWHM is different. The result of experiment is proved theoretically.
引文
[1]黄章勇,光电子器件和组件,北京:北京邮电大学出版社,2001,1-3
[2]光通信设备基础,天津科学技术出版社,1992
[3]丁么明,王廷尧等,光波导与光纤通信基础,高等教育出版社,2005
[4]赵梓森,光纤通信技术今后如何发展,当代通信,2005,6,26-28
[5]徐宁榕,周春燕,WDM技术与应用,人民邮电出版社,2002
[6]张成云,何振江,徐慧粱等,光通信技术的发展现状和趋势,激光与光电子学进展,2004,41(3):26-29
[7]罗韩君,吴伶锡,一些宽带光纤放大器的原理和结构,湘潭师范学院学报, 2005.9 27-3
[8]Xia J Zh,Cai H,Li L et al.Experlmental studyof a double-cladding fiberlaser(A).APOC 200l,226-23l
[9]丁炜,掺铒光纤放大器的原理,有线电视技术,2005.16
[10]薛挺,祁芳,胡鸿璋等,集成光学声光可调谐波长滤波器,光学学报,2000,20(8): 1095-1099
[11]Cowl G J. Stepanov D Y. Hybride Brillouin/Erbium fiber laser. Optics Letters, 1996, 21(16):250-252
[12]郭晓东,乔学光,贾振安等,掺铒光纤激光器的研究与发展,激光与光电子学进展,2003,40(12):28-31
[13]聂秋华,光纤激光器和放大器技术,北京:电子工业出版社,1997,5-10
[14]徐华彬,陈林等,高功率窄线宽掺铒光纤激光器的研究进展,上海第二工业大学学报,2001.1
[15]David A. Smith, Jane E. Baran, John J. Johnson et al Integrated-optic acoustically-tunable filters for WDM networks. IEEE jounal on seleced reas in communications, 1990,8(6),1051-1059
[16]钱景仁,罗家童等,光纤放大器增益饱和对有源光纤环形腔滤波特性的研究,光学学报,2002.3 22-3
[17]Kim B Y, Blakejn, et al. All-fiber acousto-optic frequency shifter. Opt.lett., 1986, 11(6): 289-291
[18]Oliveira, J.E.B. et al. Non-collinear acousto-optical tunable filterconfigurations in biaxial crystals. IEEE Ultrasonics Symposium, Proceedings, 1989, 1: 525-529
[19]胡鸿璋,凌世德,应用光学原理,北京:机械工业出版社,1996,175～215
[20]M.Koshiba, K.Hayata and M.Suzuki,“Approximate scalar finite-element analysis of anisotropic optical waveguides with off-diagonal elements in a permittivity tensor”, Trans. Microwave Theory Tech., 1984, 32: 587-593
[21]Cowl G J. Stepanov D Y. Hybride Brillouin/Erbium fiber laser. Optics Letters, 1996, 21(16):250~252
[22]L. Bersiner, U. Hempelmann et al. Numerical analysis of passive integrate optical polarization splitters: comparison of finite element method and beam propagating method result. J. Opt. Soc. Am. B.,1991, 8(2):422-433
[23]胡鸿璋,戴和义,梁会来等,共线声光耦合的集成光学TE/TM模转换器,光子学报,1997,26(4):340-344
[24]李川,张以谟,赵永贵,李立京,光纤光栅原理、技术与传感应用,科学出版社,2005.10
[25]方强,梁猛,发展中的光纤光栅技术,西安邮电学院学报,1999.01
[26]毕卫红,张闯,光纤Bragg光栅的反射特性研究,传感器技术,2003年第22卷第8期
[27]查开德,王向阳,光线布拉格光栅的制作和应用,应用光学,1996.6,17
[28]方祖捷,陈高庭等,光纤Bragg光栅的特性及应用研究,高技术通讯, 2000.11
[29]王丽丽,任建华等,全光网中的波长变换技术,光通信技术,2005.02
[30]韩萍,杨少辰,饱和线性吸收情况下克尔介质中的激光相移研究,激光与红外,2000.02,30-1
[31]洪宝玉,声光可调谐掺铒光纤激光器的研究,硕士学位论文,天津;天津大学,2004
[32]S. J. Frisken, Transient bragg reflection gratings in erbium doped fiber amplifier. Opt. Lett., 1992, 17(24):1776-1778
[33]Jian Liu, Member, IEEE, Jianping Yao, Senior Member, IEEE, Jian Yao, and Tet Hin Yeap Single-Longitudinal-Mode Multiwavelength Fiber Ring Laser IEEE PHOTONICS TECHNOLOGY LETTERS, VOL. 16, NO. 4, APRIL 2004
[34]Moshe Horowitz, Ron Daisy, Baruch Fischer, and John L. Zyskind* Linewidth-narrowing mechanism in lasers by nonlinear wave mixingOPTICS LETTERS / Vol. 19, No. 18 / September 15, 1994
[35]Naoto Kishi, Member, IEEE, and Tomonori Yazaki Frequency Control of a Single-Frequency Fiber Laser by Cooperatively Induced Spatial-Hole BurningIEEE PHOTONICS TECHNOLOGY LETTERS, VOL. 11, NO. 2, FEBRUARY 1999
[36]张永胜,刘爱萍,郁可等,布拉格光纤光栅反射特性及制作得理论研究,激光技术,1998, 22(6):367-370
[37]郭巍,声光可调谐掺铒光纤激光器的研究,硕士学位论文,天津;天津大学,2005
[38]Mark Janos, Stephen C. Guy, Signal-induced refractive index changes in erbium-doped fiber amplifiers. IEEE J. of Lightwave Tech., 1998, 16(4):542-548
[39]S. C. Fleming, T. J. Whitey, Measurement of pump induced refractive index change in erbium doped fiber amplifier. Electron. Lett., 1991,27(21):1959-1961
[40]郭玉彬,菊池和朗,基于光纤Bragg光栅的掺铒光纤激光器,中国激光,2000.7,27-7
[41]高雪松,高春青等,窄线宽光纤激光器关键技术研究,激光与红外,2006.6,36-6
[42]Mark Janos, Student Member, IEEE, and Stephen C. Guy, Member, IEEE Signal-Induced Refractive Index Changesin Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifiers JOURNAL OF LIGHTWAVE TECHNOLOGY, VOL. 16, NO. 4, APRIL 1998
[43]刘东峰,陈国夫,结构稳定的掺Er3+光纤环形腔激光器,激光技术,1999.8,23-4
[44]陈柏,陈兰荣等,掺Yb3+光纤环形腔与直腔激光器的比较研究,中国激光,2001.2,28-2
[45]俞本立,孙志培等,窄线宽单频线偏振掺铒光纤环形腔激光器,安徽大学学报,2003.3,26-1
[2]光通信设备基础,天津科学技术出版社,1992
[3]丁么明,王廷尧等,光波导与光纤通信基础,高等教育出版社,2005
[4]赵梓森,光纤通信技术今后如何发展,当代通信,2005,6,26-28
[5]徐宁榕,周春燕,WDM技术与应用,人民邮电出版社,2002
[6]张成云,何振江,徐慧粱等,光通信技术的发展现状和趋势,激光与光电子学进展,2004,41(3):26-29
[7]罗韩君,吴伶锡,一些宽带光纤放大器的原理和结构,湘潭师范学院学报, 2005.9 27-3
[8]Xia J Zh,Cai H,Li L et al.Experlmental studyof a double-cladding fiberlaser(A).APOC 200l,226-23l
[9]丁炜,掺铒光纤放大器的原理,有线电视技术,2005.16
[10]薛挺,祁芳,胡鸿璋等,集成光学声光可调谐波长滤波器,光学学报,2000,20(8): 1095-1099
[11]Cowl G J. Stepanov D Y. Hybride Brillouin/Erbium fiber laser. Optics Letters, 1996, 21(16):250-252
[12]郭晓东,乔学光,贾振安等,掺铒光纤激光器的研究与发展,激光与光电子学进展,2003,40(12):28-31
[13]聂秋华,光纤激光器和放大器技术,北京:电子工业出版社,1997,5-10
[14]徐华彬,陈林等,高功率窄线宽掺铒光纤激光器的研究进展,上海第二工业大学学报,2001.1
[15]David A. Smith, Jane E. Baran, John J. Johnson et al Integrated-optic acoustically-tunable filters for WDM networks. IEEE jounal on seleced reas in communications, 1990,8(6),1051-1059
[16]钱景仁,罗家童等,光纤放大器增益饱和对有源光纤环形腔滤波特性的研究,光学学报,2002.3 22-3
[17]Kim B Y, Blakejn, et al. All-fiber acousto-optic frequency shifter. Opt.lett., 1986, 11(6): 289-291
[18]Oliveira, J.E.B. et al. Non-collinear acousto-optical tunable filterconfigurations in biaxial crystals. IEEE Ultrasonics Symposium, Proceedings, 1989, 1: 525-529
[19]胡鸿璋,凌世德,应用光学原理,北京:机械工业出版社,1996,175～215
[20]M.Koshiba, K.Hayata and M.Suzuki,“Approximate scalar finite-element analysis of anisotropic optical waveguides with off-diagonal elements in a permittivity tensor”, Trans. Microwave Theory Tech., 1984, 32: 587-593
[21]Cowl G J. Stepanov D Y. Hybride Brillouin/Erbium fiber laser. Optics Letters, 1996, 21(16):250~252
[22]L. Bersiner, U. Hempelmann et al. Numerical analysis of passive integrate optical polarization splitters: comparison of finite element method and beam propagating method result. J. Opt. Soc. Am. B.,1991, 8(2):422-433
[23]胡鸿璋,戴和义,梁会来等,共线声光耦合的集成光学TE/TM模转换器,光子学报,1997,26(4):340-344
[24]李川,张以谟,赵永贵,李立京,光纤光栅原理、技术与传感应用,科学出版社,2005.10
[25]方强,梁猛,发展中的光纤光栅技术,西安邮电学院学报,1999.01
[26]毕卫红,张闯,光纤Bragg光栅的反射特性研究,传感器技术,2003年第22卷第8期
[27]查开德,王向阳,光线布拉格光栅的制作和应用,应用光学,1996.6,17
[28]方祖捷,陈高庭等,光纤Bragg光栅的特性及应用研究,高技术通讯, 2000.11
[29]王丽丽,任建华等,全光网中的波长变换技术,光通信技术,2005.02
[30]韩萍,杨少辰,饱和线性吸收情况下克尔介质中的激光相移研究,激光与红外,2000.02,30-1
[31]洪宝玉,声光可调谐掺铒光纤激光器的研究,硕士学位论文,天津;天津大学,2004
[32]S. J. Frisken, Transient bragg reflection gratings in erbium doped fiber amplifier. Opt. Lett., 1992, 17(24):1776-1778
[33]Jian Liu, Member, IEEE, Jianping Yao, Senior Member, IEEE, Jian Yao, and Tet Hin Yeap Single-Longitudinal-Mode Multiwavelength Fiber Ring Laser IEEE PHOTONICS TECHNOLOGY LETTERS, VOL. 16, NO. 4, APRIL 2004
[34]Moshe Horowitz, Ron Daisy, Baruch Fischer, and John L. Zyskind* Linewidth-narrowing mechanism in lasers by nonlinear wave mixingOPTICS LETTERS / Vol. 19, No. 18 / September 15, 1994
[35]Naoto Kishi, Member, IEEE, and Tomonori Yazaki Frequency Control of a Single-Frequency Fiber Laser by Cooperatively Induced Spatial-Hole BurningIEEE PHOTONICS TECHNOLOGY LETTERS, VOL. 11, NO. 2, FEBRUARY 1999
[36]张永胜,刘爱萍,郁可等,布拉格光纤光栅反射特性及制作得理论研究,激光技术,1998, 22(6):367-370
[37]郭巍,声光可调谐掺铒光纤激光器的研究,硕士学位论文,天津;天津大学,2005
[38]Mark Janos, Stephen C. Guy, Signal-induced refractive index changes in erbium-doped fiber amplifiers. IEEE J. of Lightwave Tech., 1998, 16(4):542-548
[39]S. C. Fleming, T. J. Whitey, Measurement of pump induced refractive index change in erbium doped fiber amplifier. Electron. Lett., 1991,27(21):1959-1961
[40]郭玉彬,菊池和朗,基于光纤Bragg光栅的掺铒光纤激光器,中国激光,2000.7,27-7
[41]高雪松,高春青等,窄线宽光纤激光器关键技术研究,激光与红外,2006.6,36-6
[42]Mark Janos, Student Member, IEEE, and Stephen C. Guy, Member, IEEE Signal-Induced Refractive Index Changesin Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifiers JOURNAL OF LIGHTWAVE TECHNOLOGY, VOL. 16, NO. 4, APRIL 1998
[43]刘东峰,陈国夫,结构稳定的掺Er3+光纤环形腔激光器,激光技术,1999.8,23-4
[44]陈柏,陈兰荣等,掺Yb3+光纤环形腔与直腔激光器的比较研究,中国激光,2001.2,28-2
[45]俞本立,孙志培等,窄线宽单频线偏振掺铒光纤环形腔激光器,安徽大学学报,2003.3,26-1