基于构件的分布式防汛信息系统框架研究
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摘要
软件复杂性的增加和应用需求的扩大，使软件开发面临着前所未有的挑战。本文在研究了国内
外软件构件技术方面的一些学术和应用成果的基础上，对构件的定义及构件的基本性质进行了研
究，认为构件复用是一种大粒度复用，并且适合运用于特定应用领域的系统开发。领域应用框架的
引入使构件的复用和系统的集成更加方便。软件构件技术、分布式对象技术对传统的系统开发方式
产生了巨大的影响，以其分布性、开放性、可配置性、高效性、易维护性等优点同软件复用技术被
认为是解决软件危机的有效途径。但已有的研究过多地考虑技术上的通用性，使得这些成果在运用
于特定领域时，往往无法达到理想效果，在一些特殊行业领域应用中表现得尤为突出。而且，只有
结合领域应用才能生产出大粒度的可复用软件构件。
针对这种情况，本文的基本思路是：在防汛信息系统开发过程中，充分利用软件构件和应用框
架来提高系统质量和效率，利用分布式对象技术来解决系统集成问题。在研究了国内外相关技术成
果基础上，结合防汛信息系统的特点，重点研究了领域应用框架、构件模型、数据存取、开放GIS
等问题，并实现了一个原型系统。基于研究的理论性和实用性，本文主要研究成果如下：
(1)研究了基于构件的软件开发方法的基本特点，以及相关领域应用构件分析开发方法和技
术。为了能够在实际的防汛信息系统开发中较好地运用领域构件，提出了基于功能和形式的领域
构件设计方法和基于构件的软件分层开发的开发模式。
（2）对应用框架和开放式体系结构的基本概念和特点进行了分析，从防汛系统特定领域应用
需求出发，提出了一个开放分布式防汛信息系统集成框架OAIF，OAIF由功能构件、数据存取服
务、地理信息框架组成，几个部分结合在一起实现一般防汛信息系统的功能。结合多种技术给出
了相应的解决方案。该方案由于采用CORBA的集成框架、基于构件的软件开发等技术，基于该
框架实现的系统在实际应用中具有较好的开放性、跨平台性和异构集成性。
（3）通过对构件的定义、构件的基本性质和构件模型的研究，结合防汛信息系统的特点，给
出了一个防汛系统领域构件的原型FCCM。结合FCCM构件的特点，提出按功能和依赖关系进行
FCCM构件的分类，同时按术语和依赖进行构件的存储和管理。
（4）提出了通用数据存取中间件的概念，通过在软件构件和数据源之间建立一个中间层，对
构件屏蔽数据源的差异，使领域构件的开发建立在一致的数据视图之上，实现了异构数据的集成
和对数据的透明访问，并结合防汛系统实际数据结构情况探讨相应的解决方案。
（5）研究了开放分布式GIS，结合OGIS、分布式对象、软件构件、空间数据库等技术，给出
了一个基于CORBA、集成多种开放标准和规范的的分布式GIS软件模型，探讨了相关的实现技
术，并实现了一个原型系统。
（6）结合前述研究成果，构造了一个开放分布式汛情监视原型系统。汛情监视系统是典型的
防汛信息系统，涉及GIS、实时数据处理、动态显示等多种需求，结果证明本研究成果是可行的。
Along with the increasing complexity of software and the continuous extension of application requirements, the software development is facing more and more unprecedented challenges. Based on the research of some scientific results and application productions about software component, this dissertation discussed the definition and outlined the characteristics of component, and considered that component reuse is the big granularity reuse which adapts to domain system development, the import of domain framework will make component reuse and system integration easily. With their distributality and open, deployability, high efficiency, easy maintenance, etc. Software component and distributed object technology brings great influence to the traditional development methods. Together with software reuse, they are considered to be the approach to solve the software crisis. At present, because overemphasized on the generality of technology, the existent study made these productions cannot obtain ideal effect on special domain. But only combining with domain application, big granularity reuse components can be produced.
In this paper, we are trying to solve the problems mentioned above by the following approaches. In the development of Flood Control Information System (FCIS), we try to make the best use of software components and application framework to promote the system quality and efficiency, and use distributed object technology to advance system integration. Based on the study of correlative technology results, combining with FCIS' characteristics, this paper research on domain application framework, component model, data accessing, Open GIS. Finally, we present a prototype system. In detail, the main research contents are described as followings:
1 .This paper researched on the characteristics of Components Based Development (CBD), discussed about domain component analysis method and technology. In order to apply domain component in the development of FCIS, this paper gave out a domain component design method based on function and formation. At the same time, a CBD method through layered development was presented.
2.From the domain requirement of FCIS, through the analysis of the concepts and characteristics of application framework and opening system, this paper presented a open distributed FCIS integration framework-OAff which was composed of the function components, data access service, GIS framework. Combined with the mutli-technology, a solution, which adopted CORBA, CBD, and others, was given out. The application implemented within this framework would have better opening and heterogeneous environment integration.
3.Combined with the characteristics of FCIS, after the study of the concepts, characteristics and the model of component, we present a FCIS component model prototype-FCCM. At the same time, a classify method by function and dependence, a storage method by term and dependence have been put forward.
4.A unified data access middleware concept has been presented. By establishing a middle layer between software component and data source, it makes the development of component setup on a coherent
data view. This realized different data source integration and transparent accessing. In accordance with the practical data structure of FC1S, we discussed the corresponding solution.
SJBased on OGIS, distributed object, software component, spatial database, and other technologies, we presented an Open GIS model. Using CORBA and other Open standards, an Open GIS prototype system has been implemented.
6.Based on the above research works, we implemented an open distributed Flood Monitor System(FMS). FMS is a typical FCIS that deals with GIS, real time data access, dynamic display and other requirements. The result proved that the achievements of this study is feasible.
外软件构件技术方面的一些学术和应用成果的基础上，对构件的定义及构件的基本性质进行了研
究，认为构件复用是一种大粒度复用，并且适合运用于特定应用领域的系统开发。领域应用框架的
引入使构件的复用和系统的集成更加方便。软件构件技术、分布式对象技术对传统的系统开发方式
产生了巨大的影响，以其分布性、开放性、可配置性、高效性、易维护性等优点同软件复用技术被
认为是解决软件危机的有效途径。但已有的研究过多地考虑技术上的通用性，使得这些成果在运用
于特定领域时，往往无法达到理想效果，在一些特殊行业领域应用中表现得尤为突出。而且，只有
结合领域应用才能生产出大粒度的可复用软件构件。
针对这种情况，本文的基本思路是：在防汛信息系统开发过程中，充分利用软件构件和应用框
架来提高系统质量和效率，利用分布式对象技术来解决系统集成问题。在研究了国内外相关技术成
果基础上，结合防汛信息系统的特点，重点研究了领域应用框架、构件模型、数据存取、开放GIS
等问题，并实现了一个原型系统。基于研究的理论性和实用性，本文主要研究成果如下：
(1)研究了基于构件的软件开发方法的基本特点，以及相关领域应用构件分析开发方法和技
术。为了能够在实际的防汛信息系统开发中较好地运用领域构件，提出了基于功能和形式的领域
构件设计方法和基于构件的软件分层开发的开发模式。
（2）对应用框架和开放式体系结构的基本概念和特点进行了分析，从防汛系统特定领域应用
需求出发，提出了一个开放分布式防汛信息系统集成框架OAIF，OAIF由功能构件、数据存取服
务、地理信息框架组成，几个部分结合在一起实现一般防汛信息系统的功能。结合多种技术给出
了相应的解决方案。该方案由于采用CORBA的集成框架、基于构件的软件开发等技术，基于该
框架实现的系统在实际应用中具有较好的开放性、跨平台性和异构集成性。
（3）通过对构件的定义、构件的基本性质和构件模型的研究，结合防汛信息系统的特点，给
出了一个防汛系统领域构件的原型FCCM。结合FCCM构件的特点，提出按功能和依赖关系进行
FCCM构件的分类，同时按术语和依赖进行构件的存储和管理。
（4）提出了通用数据存取中间件的概念，通过在软件构件和数据源之间建立一个中间层，对
构件屏蔽数据源的差异，使领域构件的开发建立在一致的数据视图之上，实现了异构数据的集成
和对数据的透明访问，并结合防汛系统实际数据结构情况探讨相应的解决方案。
（5）研究了开放分布式GIS，结合OGIS、分布式对象、软件构件、空间数据库等技术，给出
了一个基于CORBA、集成多种开放标准和规范的的分布式GIS软件模型，探讨了相关的实现技
术，并实现了一个原型系统。
（6）结合前述研究成果，构造了一个开放分布式汛情监视原型系统。汛情监视系统是典型的
防汛信息系统，涉及GIS、实时数据处理、动态显示等多种需求，结果证明本研究成果是可行的。
Along with the increasing complexity of software and the continuous extension of application requirements, the software development is facing more and more unprecedented challenges. Based on the research of some scientific results and application productions about software component, this dissertation discussed the definition and outlined the characteristics of component, and considered that component reuse is the big granularity reuse which adapts to domain system development, the import of domain framework will make component reuse and system integration easily. With their distributality and open, deployability, high efficiency, easy maintenance, etc. Software component and distributed object technology brings great influence to the traditional development methods. Together with software reuse, they are considered to be the approach to solve the software crisis. At present, because overemphasized on the generality of technology, the existent study made these productions cannot obtain ideal effect on special domain. But only combining with domain application, big granularity reuse components can be produced.
In this paper, we are trying to solve the problems mentioned above by the following approaches. In the development of Flood Control Information System (FCIS), we try to make the best use of software components and application framework to promote the system quality and efficiency, and use distributed object technology to advance system integration. Based on the study of correlative technology results, combining with FCIS' characteristics, this paper research on domain application framework, component model, data accessing, Open GIS. Finally, we present a prototype system. In detail, the main research contents are described as followings:
1 .This paper researched on the characteristics of Components Based Development (CBD), discussed about domain component analysis method and technology. In order to apply domain component in the development of FCIS, this paper gave out a domain component design method based on function and formation. At the same time, a CBD method through layered development was presented.
2.From the domain requirement of FCIS, through the analysis of the concepts and characteristics of application framework and opening system, this paper presented a open distributed FCIS integration framework-OAff which was composed of the function components, data access service, GIS framework. Combined with the mutli-technology, a solution, which adopted CORBA, CBD, and others, was given out. The application implemented within this framework would have better opening and heterogeneous environment integration.
3.Combined with the characteristics of FCIS, after the study of the concepts, characteristics and the model of component, we present a FCIS component model prototype-FCCM. At the same time, a classify method by function and dependence, a storage method by term and dependence have been put forward.
4.A unified data access middleware concept has been presented. By establishing a middle layer between software component and data source, it makes the development of component setup on a coherent
data view. This realized different data source integration and transparent accessing. In accordance with the practical data structure of FC1S, we discussed the corresponding solution.
SJBased on OGIS, distributed object, software component, spatial database, and other technologies, we presented an Open GIS model. Using CORBA and other Open standards, an Open GIS prototype system has been implemented.
6.Based on the above research works, we implemented an open distributed Flood Monitor System(FMS). FMS is a typical FCIS that deals with GIS, real time data access, dynamic display and other requirements. The result proved that the achievements of this study is feasible.
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