云南金顶铅锌矿床生物标志化合物特征及其成矿意义
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摘要
生物有机成矿作用是当前矿床学前沿领域的研究热点之一。本文运用矿床地球化学和有机地球化学研究方法,对云南金顶超大型铅锌矿床的有机质及其所赋存的岩石、矿石进行研究,主要取得以下几点认识:
     (1)通过对金顶矿床矿石铅同位素组成特征、包裹体惰性气体同位素组成特征以及对矿石、三叠纪三合洞组灰岩和矿区有机质的稀土元素特征研究,结果表明金顶矿床矿石铅主要来自上地幔,与矿石共生的有机质来源于三叠纪三合洞组碳酸盐岩地层。三合洞组灰岩Ce_(anom)结果表明灰岩沉积时水体呈弱氧化环境。
     (2)通过对金顶矿床岩石、矿石样品抽提物的可溶有机质族组分分析和生物标志化合物的研究表明,矿区有机质的母质来源以低等水生生源的海藻类为主,同时伴随有一定量的陆源高等植物组分的输入。有机质沉积于弱氧化—弱还原环境,其成熟度接近于或达到成熟阶段。由于成矿热液的热力作用,样品均受到一定程度的热解,部分样品还遭受了生物降解作用。砂岩型矿石吸附有机质的成熟度略高于角砾岩型矿石赋存的有机质。
     (3)利用生物标志化合物的多参数对比方法,通过九项生物标志化合物参数的综合对比,金顶矿区矿石及云龙组和花开左组地层中的有机质与矿区三合洞组赋存的有机质各个参数都非常相近,显示它们之间具亲缘关系,表明金顶矿床的有机质都来源于三叠纪三合洞组碳酸盐岩地层。
     (4)有机质在金顶矿床形成过程中可能起到的作用有:生物有机质对成矿金属的预富集作用;生物还原硫酸盐提供成矿所需的硫源;在成矿流体运移的过程中形成有机一金属络合物,对成矿金属的活化迁移作用;改变成矿物理化学环境,对成矿物质的还原沉淀作用。
Biomineralization is one of the most important and hot topic in the forefront area of mineral deposits. The paper studies the organic matter, rocks and ores of Jinding lead zinc deposit, which is based on the theories such as geochemistry and organic geochemistry. The main conclusions are as following:
     (1) Based on the characristics of the ore lead isotope composition, and the inert gas isotopic composition of inclusions and the REE characteristics of ores, organic matter and Triassic carbonate rocks, we can draw the conclusions that the ore-forming elements such as lead and zinc were derived from upper mantle, and the organic matter with ore derived from carbonate rocks in Triassic Sanhedong Formation. The Ce_(anom) showes Triassic carbonate deposited in a weak oxidation environment.
     (2) Analyzing on the extracted soluble organic and biomarkers of rocks and ores indicates that the organic matter of ore is origin in marine alga, and there are a certain amount of plants at the same time. The organic matter was deposited in a weak oxidation-weak reduction environment, and it approaches mature stage. Some of organic matter underwent biodegradation, and all organic samples underwent a certain degree's thermal decomposition because of the hydrothermal alteration. The maturity of absorbed organic matter of sandstone type ore is slightly higher than the breccia type ores.
     (3) Contrasting the nine parameters of biomarkers, the organic matters of ore, Yunlong Formation and Huakaizuo Formation are closed to the one of Sanhedong Formation, which indicates that they have close relationship and reveals that the organic matter in deposit came from Triassic carbonate rocks.
     (4) Organic matter possibly played a role among the forming process of Jinding lead zinc deposit. The organism and organic matter preconcentrated metal in sedimentary stage. The organism reduces sulphate to offer the sulphur sources for mineralizeation. Ore -forming metals were transferred in the form of organic -metal complex during fluid transportation. Organic matter changed the physical-chemical environment to deposit ore mineral.
引文
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