油菜高效结角层结构的研究
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摘要
试验于1999-2001年在扬州大学农业部作物栽培生理实验室试验场进行，以甘蓝型杂交油菜秦油2号和甘蓝型双低杂交油菜宁杂1号两品种为材料，采用氮肥施用量、肥料运筹、密度等措施，研究分析各种类型结角层的角果数、每角粒数、千粒重、每角粒重的空间分布，单位角果皮面积生产力(PPA)的变化、茎枝组成、各枝序的结角起点和结角终点的差异，主要结果如下：
1、分析了不同类型的结角层各枝序的结角起点和终点高度与产量关系，明确了高效结角层各枝序结角起止点整齐一致。
2、油菜结角层不同部位的角果性状不同，高效结角层上部30cm空间内大、中角果比例高，阴角比例小，每角粒数多，上部高效分枝间每角粒数差异小，千粒重高，单位角果皮面积生产力高。本试验结果表明，高效结角层上部30cm空间内的角果比例，占角果总数的65％以上易获得高产。
3、油菜群体总茎枝数及各次茎枝的配比与结角层结构状况分析表明，高效结角层在保持适宜的总茎枝数前提下，应在稳定一次分枝的基础上，适量增加二次分枝的比例。本试验条件下获得高产高效结角层适宜的总茎枝数为18-20万／亩，其中主茎0.65-0.75万／亩，一次分枝8-9万／亩，二次分枝9-10万／亩。
4、油菜各分枝的结角起点、结角终点与主序的结角起点、结角终点的相对高度来衡量各分枝在结角层中的位置的重要指标，试验结果表明，油菜各枝序的生产力与其结角起点、结角终点以及结角起点和结角终点之和均呈极显著的正相关。
杨光:油莱高效结角层结构的研究
结角起点和终点较高的分枝，在结角层中处于光照较充足的中上部，其生产力高，
易成为高效分枝。一个高效分枝的生产力一般占全株生产力的7%以上.在高产栽
培条件下，高效分枝的结角起点应在主序之上，结角终点不低于主序10一1 sc:。整
个群体中各枝序的结角起点和终点都较高，高效分枝所占的比例大，整个结角层
的光合效率也高。
The experiments were carried out on the experimental field of crop cultivation and physiology key laboratory,YanZhou University from 1999 tolOOl.The effects of nitrogen,fertilizer and density were studied.and the distribution of pod number,seed number per pod,1000-seed weight,pod weight in space of different type pod canopy were studied,hybrid rape (Brassica napus L) Qingyou No.2 and double-low hybrid (Brassica napus L) Ningyou No.l as material.The change of the productivity per pod area (PPA),the component of main raceme and branches ,the difference of starting and terminating pod of all branches.The main results were as follows:
1. Analyzed the relation of starting and terminating pod of branches and their yield of different type pod canopy,made clear that the starting and terminating pod of high efficient-pod canopy should be uniform.
2. The pod qualities in different layers were different.In upper 30cm space of efficient pod canopy.the proportion of invalid pods were less, large and medium pods were more.seed number per pod was more, seed number per pod of high layers had fewer difference, 1000-seed weight and PPA was high.The experiment showed that if pod in upper 30cm spaces were up 65%,they often acquired high yield.
3. The secondary branches should be properly increased basied on morderate total numbers of main raceme and branches and steady numbers of primary branches.In this experiment,the moderate total numbers of main raceme and branches were 180000-200000,the main raceme,primary branches and secondary branches were
6500-7500,800000-900000,900000-1000000.
4. The relative of starting and terminating pod of the main raceme and each branches is a important indices.The productivity of all brnaches was significanty positively related to the starting and terminating pod.The branches with high starting and terminating pod lay in the middle and upper layers can receive better light.They had high productivity and often became high-efficient branches.The productivity of a high-effective btanch made up 7% of whole or more.The starting pod of high-efficient effective branches should be higher than the main raceme ,and the terminating pod below the main raceme should be not go beyond 10-15cm.If the starting and terminating pod of all branches were high,the proportion of high effective branches were large.the photosynthetic efficiency of total pod canopy was high too.
1、分析了不同类型的结角层各枝序的结角起点和终点高度与产量关系，明确了高效结角层各枝序结角起止点整齐一致。
2、油菜结角层不同部位的角果性状不同，高效结角层上部30cm空间内大、中角果比例高，阴角比例小，每角粒数多，上部高效分枝间每角粒数差异小，千粒重高，单位角果皮面积生产力高。本试验结果表明，高效结角层上部30cm空间内的角果比例，占角果总数的65％以上易获得高产。
3、油菜群体总茎枝数及各次茎枝的配比与结角层结构状况分析表明，高效结角层在保持适宜的总茎枝数前提下，应在稳定一次分枝的基础上，适量增加二次分枝的比例。本试验条件下获得高产高效结角层适宜的总茎枝数为18-20万／亩，其中主茎0.65-0.75万／亩，一次分枝8-9万／亩，二次分枝9-10万／亩。
4、油菜各分枝的结角起点、结角终点与主序的结角起点、结角终点的相对高度来衡量各分枝在结角层中的位置的重要指标，试验结果表明，油菜各枝序的生产力与其结角起点、结角终点以及结角起点和结角终点之和均呈极显著的正相关。
杨光:油莱高效结角层结构的研究
结角起点和终点较高的分枝，在结角层中处于光照较充足的中上部，其生产力高，
易成为高效分枝。一个高效分枝的生产力一般占全株生产力的7%以上.在高产栽
培条件下，高效分枝的结角起点应在主序之上，结角终点不低于主序10一1 sc:。整
个群体中各枝序的结角起点和终点都较高，高效分枝所占的比例大，整个结角层
的光合效率也高。
The experiments were carried out on the experimental field of crop cultivation and physiology key laboratory,YanZhou University from 1999 tolOOl.The effects of nitrogen,fertilizer and density were studied.and the distribution of pod number,seed number per pod,1000-seed weight,pod weight in space of different type pod canopy were studied,hybrid rape (Brassica napus L) Qingyou No.2 and double-low hybrid (Brassica napus L) Ningyou No.l as material.The change of the productivity per pod area (PPA),the component of main raceme and branches ,the difference of starting and terminating pod of all branches.The main results were as follows:
1. Analyzed the relation of starting and terminating pod of branches and their yield of different type pod canopy,made clear that the starting and terminating pod of high efficient-pod canopy should be uniform.
2. The pod qualities in different layers were different.In upper 30cm space of efficient pod canopy.the proportion of invalid pods were less, large and medium pods were more.seed number per pod was more, seed number per pod of high layers had fewer difference, 1000-seed weight and PPA was high.The experiment showed that if pod in upper 30cm spaces were up 65%,they often acquired high yield.
3. The secondary branches should be properly increased basied on morderate total numbers of main raceme and branches and steady numbers of primary branches.In this experiment,the moderate total numbers of main raceme and branches were 180000-200000,the main raceme,primary branches and secondary branches were
6500-7500,800000-900000,900000-1000000.
4. The relative of starting and terminating pod of the main raceme and each branches is a important indices.The productivity of all brnaches was significanty positively related to the starting and terminating pod.The branches with high starting and terminating pod lay in the middle and upper layers can receive better light.They had high productivity and often became high-efficient branches.The productivity of a high-effective btanch made up 7% of whole or more.The starting pod of high-efficient effective branches should be higher than the main raceme ,and the terminating pod below the main raceme should be not go beyond 10-15cm.If the starting and terminating pod of all branches were high,the proportion of high effective branches were large.the photosynthetic efficiency of total pod canopy was high too.
引文
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2．刘后利，实用油菜栽培学，上海科技出版社，1987
3．中国农业科学院油料作物研究所，油菜栽培技术，农业出版社，1979
4．中国科学院植物生理研究所，油菜若干生理问题，科学出版社，1962
5．傅寿仲、朱耕如等，江苏油作科学，江苏科技出版社，1995
6．傅寿仲等，油菜的形态与生理，江苏科技出版社，1983
7．朱耕如、邓秀兰，油菜栽培基本原理，江苏科技出版社，1981
8．朱耕如，油菜花角期气候条件浅析，中国油料，1987(3)68-72
9．朱耕如，油菜结角层的结构，江苏农业学报，1982(3)12-16
10．朱耕如，邓秀兰．油菜结角层分析，江苏农业学报，1987(3)：12-16
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