热带地区杂交结缕草成坪期合理施肥研究
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摘要
本文通过杂交结缕草田间肥效试验，观察了不同施肥处理对植株生长和草坪质量的影响，同时分析了植株营养状况以及对土壤养分的影响，其结果如下：
1．通过观察施肥对草坪质量及生长的盖度、密度等8个指标的影响，结果表明，施肥可明显改善草坪的质量和提高草坪的生长速度。随着N肥用量的增多，草坪的颜色逐渐加深，叶绿素含量逐渐升高，草坪的盖度和密度逐渐加大，植株生物量及分蘖数增加，枝条伸展长度增长。P肥对各个指标的影响均以中等水平为佳，同样改善了草坪的质量和生长速度。K肥对草坪的生长特性和综合质量不影响，但K肥对植株的分蘖有促进作用，并且促进了植株对N、P的吸收。
通过灰色关联分析，在本试验条件下，以处理11(N6g／m~2，P_2O_54g／m~2)的草坪综合评价效果好，成坪时间最短，为93天。
2．在成坪期间，随着N、P、K肥用量的增加，植株对N、P、K养分的吸收量有逐渐增加的趋势。经相关分析，植株地上部N吸收量与N肥施用量之间的相关性达极显著水平(r=0.8858，Pr＜0.0001)，地下部N吸收量与N肥施用量之间的相关性达极显著水平(r=0.74633，Pr=0.0009)。植株地上部K吸收量与K肥施用量相关不显著，与氮肥施用量相关性达极显著水平(r=0.79211，Pr=0.0003)。
3．通过对土壤养分的分析，草坪成坪后，土壤的全氮、有机质和pH基本不变，而土壤中的速效N、P养分含量升高，速效K含量降低。
4．综合草坪外观质量、植株营养以及土壤养分的变化情况，为了保证草坪的质量及植株的正常生长，同时保证土壤的可持续利用，应该N、P、K肥配合施用。
Growth characteristics and fertilizer effect on turfgrass quality of hybrid strain of Zoysia japonica and Z. tenuifolia were observed and evaluated in this study. Meanwhile turfgrass nutrition status and nutrients of turf-bed soil were measured and analyzed as well. The preliminary results showed:
1. N could improve turfgrass quality and growth rate. With N application,the colour of turfgrass became darker, the content of chlorophyll increased, the coverage density, density, biomass, number of tiller and the length of stolons also increased at different fertilizing level.
The results also showed that P could improve turfgrass quality and increase growth at different fertilizing level. However the synthetic evaluation indicated that P application at middium level was the best.
For K fertilizer, there were no significant effects to growth and turfgrass quality, but it could improve the tillering ability and absorbing of N and P.
The correlation method of the grey systematic theory showed that threatment 1 I was the best one among 16 treatments under the experimental condition. That means 6g/m2 N and 4g/m2 PaOs only could create best multiple effects on turfgrass establishment. Time needed for turfgrass establishment with treatment 11 was shortest with only 93 days.
2. During turfgrass establishment, nutrition amount absorbed by turfgrass trended to increase gradually with N,P,K application increasing. Further analysis of
correlation coefficent showed that the N sbsorption by the plant's part above ground was significant positively correlated to the dosage of N fertilizer(r=0.8858, Pr<0.0001),the similar case to the plant's part under ground(r=0.74633,Pr=0.0009). However K absorption was not correlated to K application, but significant positively correlated to the dosage of fertilizer(r=0.79211,Pr=0.0003).
3. From soil chemical analysis, it was found that N, organic compound and pH did not change basically, but the content of quick acting N and P increased and the content of quick acting K decreased after turfgrass establishment.
4. For the sake of the lawn surface quality, plant nutrition and soil nutrient, nitrogen, phosphor and potasium fertilizer should be used jointly in order to guarantee lawn's quality, plant's growith normally and the soil's sustainable utilization.
1．通过观察施肥对草坪质量及生长的盖度、密度等8个指标的影响，结果表明，施肥可明显改善草坪的质量和提高草坪的生长速度。随着N肥用量的增多，草坪的颜色逐渐加深，叶绿素含量逐渐升高，草坪的盖度和密度逐渐加大，植株生物量及分蘖数增加，枝条伸展长度增长。P肥对各个指标的影响均以中等水平为佳，同样改善了草坪的质量和生长速度。K肥对草坪的生长特性和综合质量不影响，但K肥对植株的分蘖有促进作用，并且促进了植株对N、P的吸收。
通过灰色关联分析，在本试验条件下，以处理11(N6g／m~2，P_2O_54g／m~2)的草坪综合评价效果好，成坪时间最短，为93天。
2．在成坪期间，随着N、P、K肥用量的增加，植株对N、P、K养分的吸收量有逐渐增加的趋势。经相关分析，植株地上部N吸收量与N肥施用量之间的相关性达极显著水平(r=0.8858，Pr＜0.0001)，地下部N吸收量与N肥施用量之间的相关性达极显著水平(r=0.74633，Pr=0.0009)。植株地上部K吸收量与K肥施用量相关不显著，与氮肥施用量相关性达极显著水平(r=0.79211，Pr=0.0003)。
3．通过对土壤养分的分析，草坪成坪后，土壤的全氮、有机质和pH基本不变，而土壤中的速效N、P养分含量升高，速效K含量降低。
4．综合草坪外观质量、植株营养以及土壤养分的变化情况，为了保证草坪的质量及植株的正常生长，同时保证土壤的可持续利用，应该N、P、K肥配合施用。
Growth characteristics and fertilizer effect on turfgrass quality of hybrid strain of Zoysia japonica and Z. tenuifolia were observed and evaluated in this study. Meanwhile turfgrass nutrition status and nutrients of turf-bed soil were measured and analyzed as well. The preliminary results showed:
1. N could improve turfgrass quality and growth rate. With N application,the colour of turfgrass became darker, the content of chlorophyll increased, the coverage density, density, biomass, number of tiller and the length of stolons also increased at different fertilizing level.
The results also showed that P could improve turfgrass quality and increase growth at different fertilizing level. However the synthetic evaluation indicated that P application at middium level was the best.
For K fertilizer, there were no significant effects to growth and turfgrass quality, but it could improve the tillering ability and absorbing of N and P.
The correlation method of the grey systematic theory showed that threatment 1 I was the best one among 16 treatments under the experimental condition. That means 6g/m2 N and 4g/m2 PaOs only could create best multiple effects on turfgrass establishment. Time needed for turfgrass establishment with treatment 11 was shortest with only 93 days.
2. During turfgrass establishment, nutrition amount absorbed by turfgrass trended to increase gradually with N,P,K application increasing. Further analysis of
correlation coefficent showed that the N sbsorption by the plant's part above ground was significant positively correlated to the dosage of N fertilizer(r=0.8858, Pr<0.0001),the similar case to the plant's part under ground(r=0.74633,Pr=0.0009). However K absorption was not correlated to K application, but significant positively correlated to the dosage of fertilizer(r=0.79211,Pr=0.0003).
3. From soil chemical analysis, it was found that N, organic compound and pH did not change basically, but the content of quick acting N and P increased and the content of quick acting K decreased after turfgrass establishment.
4. For the sake of the lawn surface quality, plant nutrition and soil nutrient, nitrogen, phosphor and potasium fertilizer should be used jointly in order to guarantee lawn's quality, plant's growith normally and the soil's sustainable utilization.
引文
1．萧文一，孙忠晏，赵云成编著．中国草坪植物栽培．黑龙江教育出版社，1990
2．孙彦等主编．草坪实用技术手册．化学工业出版社。2001
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4．陈志明主编．草坪建植技术．中国农业出版社，2001：50-52
5．孙本信，尹公，张绵主编．草坪植物种植技术．中国林业出版社，2001：98
6．谭继清，刘建秀，谭志坚著．草坪地被景观设计与应用．中国建筑工业出版社，2002：147
7．刘建秀等编箸．草坪．地被植物．观赏草．东南大学出版社，2001：11
8．谭继清，谭志坚著．中国草坪与地被．重庆出版社，1999：11
9．孙本信，李敏，白史且主编．绿地草坪．中国林业出版社，1999：18-20
10．黄复瑞等主编．现代草坪建植与管理技术．中国农业出版社，1998：
11．谭志坚，刘清益．结缕草属草坪草在中国的名称与应用．四川草原，2002(1)：40-42
12．邹伯琴，施桂芬，李彦等．青岛胶洲湾地区结缕草种质资源的保护和开发选用．中国草地科学进展，第四届第二次年会暨学术讨论会文集，1996．12
13．张巨民，赵鸣．兰引三号草坪型结缕草与日本结缕草的比较研究．草业科学，1996，Vol．13，NO．2
14．黄必志等．草坪营养与施肥．中国林业出版社，1999：13
15．李敏主编．草坪品种指南．北京农业大学出版社，1993：66-67
16．谢炳，刘剑．海南地区杂交结缕草运动草坪的养护管理．草业科学，1997，14(1)：50
17．刘维章，付浩，邵伯琴等．杂交结缕草在青岛地区的引种栽培试验．中国草地，1996(1)：52-55
18. Engelke M C et al. Nitrogen fertilization and mowing height effects on zoysiagrass pefformanc. Progress Report Texas Agricultural Experiment Station, 1992, (4881-4921): 101-104
19. Muramatsu k et al. Effect of the kind of fertilizers on the leaching of the components by rainfall, and growth and load tolerance of turf. Japanese Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, 1994,65(5):514-521
20. Green R L et al. Zoysiagrass(Zoysia spp.) cultivar characterizations for 1989 and 1990:College Sation. Progress Report Texas Agricultural Experiment Station, 1991,(4881-4921):32-34
21. Yeam D Y et al. Studies on prolongation of the green period in zoysia grass. Journal of the Korean Society for Horticultural Science, 1985,26(1):66-75
22. Yeam, D. Y, etc., Effect of Fertilizer Application on Seed production in Zoysia Grass, Journal of the Koreansociety for Horticultural Science, 1987, 28(2):55-57
23．刘嘉蓉，钮友民，钟玮．施钾对沟叶结缕草生长和营养成分的影响．浙江林业科技，1995，vol(15)，NO．5：46-48
24．张巨明，王锁明，行距及施肥对兰引3号结缕草种子产量的影响．草业学报，1997，6(3)：46-50
25. (Fry J D et al. Growth of zoysiagrass form vegetative plugs in response to fertilizers. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science, 1987,112(2):286-289
26. Mitamura T et al. Studies on Zoysia type grassland. Ⅵ. The effect of fertilizer application on the standing crop and vegetation of Zoysia type grassland. Bullectin of the National Grassland Research Institute, 1985,(30):91-104
27. McCrimmon J N. Nitrogen and potassium effects on the macronutrient and micronutrient content of zoysiagrasses. Journal of Plant
Nutrition,2000,23(5):683-696
28．李存焕．有机肥对土壤理化性质及沟叶结缕草草坪质量的影响．草地学报，2001，9(1)：69～72
29．张巨民，张小虎，刘照辉．暖季型草坪草的引种与评价．草业科学，1996，Vol．13，No．6：35-41
30．赵鸣．兰引三号结缕草坪用性状及适应性研究．草原与草坪，2000(3)：34～36
31．白昌军．草坪草品种选育试验初报．热带作物研究，1996(1)，27-33
32．林德光主编．热带作物的试验设计与统计分析，华南热带作物学院科研、教学用书，1977
33．蒙哥马利著．林德光译．试验的设计与分析．华南热带农业大学．2000
34．华东师范大学生物系植物生理教研组主编，植物生理学实验指导，人民教育出版社，1980．11
35．甘肃农业大学草原系编．草原学与牧草学实习实验指导书．甘肃科学技术出版社．1991：284-285
36．华南热带作物研究院橡胶栽培系编，橡胶树营养诊断指导施肥，1976
37．中国土壤学会编．土壤农业化学分析方法．中国农业科技出版社．2000．4
38．中国地壤学会农业化学专业委员会编，土壤农业化学常规分析方法，科学出版社，1993．8
39．中国科学院南京土壤研究所编，土壤理化分析，上海科学技术出版社，1978．1
40．杨振山等主编，计算机文化基础——Windows 98+Office 97版，高等教育出版社，1998．12
41．江高举编著，周晓津改编．Excel 5.0中文版技巧与实例应用．人民邮电出版社
42．林德光著．计算机程序设计语言SAS教程，华南热带农业大学．2000
43．牟新待主编．草原系统工程．中国农业出版社．1995．11：87-96
44．邓蓉，梁应林，李莉娜．草坪型黑麦草氮肥品种及氮磷钾配施肥效试验．草业科学．1998(2)：67-70
45．尚以顺．灰色系统理论在草坪草引种综合评估上的应用初探．四川草原．1995(2)：21-24
46．劳秀荣著．现代草坪营养与施肥．中国农业出版社．2002：44
47．梁应林，邓蓉等．草坪品质评定方法简述．贵州畜牧兽医．1996(2)：42-43
48．李景奇．草坪质量的模糊综合评价方法研究．中国园林．1997(3)：48
49．蒋齐，徐荣．灰色关联分析在草坪草引选评价上的应用．草业科学．1997(4)：45-51
50．[美]罗伯特．爱蒙斯著．草坪科学与管理．中国林业出版社．1992．2
2．孙彦等主编．草坪实用技术手册．化学工业出版社。2001
3．胡林，边秀举，阳新玲主编．草坪科学与管理．中国农业大学出版社。2001：73-77
4．陈志明主编．草坪建植技术．中国农业出版社，2001：50-52
5．孙本信，尹公，张绵主编．草坪植物种植技术．中国林业出版社，2001：98
6．谭继清，刘建秀，谭志坚著．草坪地被景观设计与应用．中国建筑工业出版社，2002：147
7．刘建秀等编箸．草坪．地被植物．观赏草．东南大学出版社，2001：11
8．谭继清，谭志坚著．中国草坪与地被．重庆出版社，1999：11
9．孙本信，李敏，白史且主编．绿地草坪．中国林业出版社，1999：18-20
10．黄复瑞等主编．现代草坪建植与管理技术．中国农业出版社，1998：
11．谭志坚，刘清益．结缕草属草坪草在中国的名称与应用．四川草原，2002(1)：40-42
12．邹伯琴，施桂芬，李彦等．青岛胶洲湾地区结缕草种质资源的保护和开发选用．中国草地科学进展，第四届第二次年会暨学术讨论会文集，1996．12
13．张巨民，赵鸣．兰引三号草坪型结缕草与日本结缕草的比较研究．草业科学，1996，Vol．13，NO．2
14．黄必志等．草坪营养与施肥．中国林业出版社，1999：13
15．李敏主编．草坪品种指南．北京农业大学出版社，1993：66-67
16．谢炳，刘剑．海南地区杂交结缕草运动草坪的养护管理．草业科学，1997，14(1)：50
17．刘维章，付浩，邵伯琴等．杂交结缕草在青岛地区的引种栽培试验．中国草地，1996(1)：52-55
18. Engelke M C et al. Nitrogen fertilization and mowing height effects on zoysiagrass pefformanc. Progress Report Texas Agricultural Experiment Station, 1992, (4881-4921): 101-104
19. Muramatsu k et al. Effect of the kind of fertilizers on the leaching of the components by rainfall, and growth and load tolerance of turf. Japanese Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, 1994,65(5):514-521
20. Green R L et al. Zoysiagrass(Zoysia spp.) cultivar characterizations for 1989 and 1990:College Sation. Progress Report Texas Agricultural Experiment Station, 1991,(4881-4921):32-34
21. Yeam D Y et al. Studies on prolongation of the green period in zoysia grass. Journal of the Korean Society for Horticultural Science, 1985,26(1):66-75
22. Yeam, D. Y, etc., Effect of Fertilizer Application on Seed production in Zoysia Grass, Journal of the Koreansociety for Horticultural Science, 1987, 28(2):55-57
23．刘嘉蓉，钮友民，钟玮．施钾对沟叶结缕草生长和营养成分的影响．浙江林业科技，1995，vol(15)，NO．5：46-48
24．张巨明，王锁明，行距及施肥对兰引3号结缕草种子产量的影响．草业学报，1997，6(3)：46-50
25. (Fry J D et al. Growth of zoysiagrass form vegetative plugs in response to fertilizers. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science, 1987,112(2):286-289
26. Mitamura T et al. Studies on Zoysia type grassland. Ⅵ. The effect of fertilizer application on the standing crop and vegetation of Zoysia type grassland. Bullectin of the National Grassland Research Institute, 1985,(30):91-104
27. McCrimmon J N. Nitrogen and potassium effects on the macronutrient and micronutrient content of zoysiagrasses. Journal of Plant
Nutrition,2000,23(5):683-696
28．李存焕．有机肥对土壤理化性质及沟叶结缕草草坪质量的影响．草地学报，2001，9(1)：69～72
29．张巨民，张小虎，刘照辉．暖季型草坪草的引种与评价．草业科学，1996，Vol．13，No．6：35-41
30．赵鸣．兰引三号结缕草坪用性状及适应性研究．草原与草坪，2000(3)：34～36
31．白昌军．草坪草品种选育试验初报．热带作物研究，1996(1)，27-33
32．林德光主编．热带作物的试验设计与统计分析，华南热带作物学院科研、教学用书，1977
33．蒙哥马利著．林德光译．试验的设计与分析．华南热带农业大学．2000
34．华东师范大学生物系植物生理教研组主编，植物生理学实验指导，人民教育出版社，1980．11
35．甘肃农业大学草原系编．草原学与牧草学实习实验指导书．甘肃科学技术出版社．1991：284-285
36．华南热带作物研究院橡胶栽培系编，橡胶树营养诊断指导施肥，1976
37．中国土壤学会编．土壤农业化学分析方法．中国农业科技出版社．2000．4
38．中国地壤学会农业化学专业委员会编，土壤农业化学常规分析方法，科学出版社，1993．8
39．中国科学院南京土壤研究所编，土壤理化分析，上海科学技术出版社，1978．1
40．杨振山等主编，计算机文化基础——Windows 98+Office 97版，高等教育出版社，1998．12
41．江高举编著，周晓津改编．Excel 5.0中文版技巧与实例应用．人民邮电出版社
42．林德光著．计算机程序设计语言SAS教程，华南热带农业大学．2000
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