取料机故障诊断专家系统的研究
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摘要
故障诊断需要大量专家的专业知识和工程技术人员的专业经验,所以,可采用构建专家系统来进行。故障分离有多种方法,其中故障树分析(FTA)法是较为简捷有效的方法。本论文通过分析专家系统、故障诊断、故障树分析的理论原理,确定了取料机故障诊断专家系统的设计思路,并给出了软件设计方案。
故障树分析法是一种图形演绎法,是通过对可能造成系统故障的各种因素(包括硬件、软件环境、人为因素等)进行分析,画出逻辑框图(即故障树),再对系统中发生的故障事件,作由总体至部分按树枝状逐渐细化的分析,其目的是判明基本故障,确定故障原因,故障影响和发生概率等。
讨论了故障树分析方法在故障诊断中应用,给出了故障树的建立方法及故障树模型在故障诊断专家系统中的推理策略,最后,结合取料机自身的故障模式特点,完成了取料机故障树的建立。
采用基于规则的知识表示方法,深入对基于规则的知识表示方法进行了研究,给出了基于规则知识表示知识库设计思路和数据库的设计方法,并举例说明了实际的专家知识在数据库中的组织情况。
在推理机的设计方面,给出了基于黑板模型的推理机设计方法,详细阐述了基于黑板模型的专家系统的结构和求解过程,给出了推理过程中不确定性特征模糊处理算法。最后,将正向推理应用到基于黑板模型的推理机中,得出了取料机故障诊断专家系统推理机的设计流程图。
通过对完成课题所需的相关理论的分析,论文结合用户需求初步确立了建立专家系统的软件框架,实现了数据采集模块,知识库管理模块,推理诊断模块,专家系统解释模块等。实践表明此故障诊断专家系统对提高取料机的维修效率有很大的促进作用。
Fault diagnosis needs large quantity of experts’professional knowledge and engineers’experience. So, people usually use Expert System to achieve. There are many methods for fault analysis; Fault Tree Analysis (FTA) is among those who are simple and efficient. The dissertation analyzes the concept and theory of expert system, fault analysis and fault tree analysis method, therefore asserts the designing procedure and the software designing blue print.
Fault tree analysis is a method of graphics. Analyze all kinds of factor probably causing the system fault, including hardware, software and human. Then we can draw the logical graph (fault tree), and gradually analyzes the fault factor from top to bottom in branches. The objective is to ascertain the basic fault, the causation, the influence and accruing probability.
The fault tree analysis in fault diagnosis applications was discussed. Given the establishment of the fault tree and fault tree model in fault diagnosis expert system inference strategy. Finally, based on the failure mode characteristics, completed the fault tree of the reclaimer.
Using rule-based knowledge representation, rule-based knowledge representation that has been studied in-depth. Given the method of the rule-based knowledge database design, illustrated the expert knowledge organization in the database of the expert system.
Given the design method of inference engine based on the blackboard model. Described the structure and solve process of expert system based on the blackboard model.
Finally, the forward reasoning was applied to the inference engine machine based on blackboard model, achieved the inference engine design flow chart of fault diagnosis expert system for reclaimer.
Based on the analyzing of the corresponding theory to be needed and the user’s requirement, the dissertation asserts the software frame of the expert system. There are data collection module, knowledge database management module, inference and diagnosis module, explanation facility module. The result showed that the fault diagnosis expert system can provide effective help for the reclaimer maintenance.
故障树分析法是一种图形演绎法,是通过对可能造成系统故障的各种因素(包括硬件、软件环境、人为因素等)进行分析,画出逻辑框图(即故障树),再对系统中发生的故障事件,作由总体至部分按树枝状逐渐细化的分析,其目的是判明基本故障,确定故障原因,故障影响和发生概率等。
讨论了故障树分析方法在故障诊断中应用,给出了故障树的建立方法及故障树模型在故障诊断专家系统中的推理策略,最后,结合取料机自身的故障模式特点,完成了取料机故障树的建立。
采用基于规则的知识表示方法,深入对基于规则的知识表示方法进行了研究,给出了基于规则知识表示知识库设计思路和数据库的设计方法,并举例说明了实际的专家知识在数据库中的组织情况。
在推理机的设计方面,给出了基于黑板模型的推理机设计方法,详细阐述了基于黑板模型的专家系统的结构和求解过程,给出了推理过程中不确定性特征模糊处理算法。最后,将正向推理应用到基于黑板模型的推理机中,得出了取料机故障诊断专家系统推理机的设计流程图。
通过对完成课题所需的相关理论的分析,论文结合用户需求初步确立了建立专家系统的软件框架,实现了数据采集模块,知识库管理模块,推理诊断模块,专家系统解释模块等。实践表明此故障诊断专家系统对提高取料机的维修效率有很大的促进作用。
Fault diagnosis needs large quantity of experts’professional knowledge and engineers’experience. So, people usually use Expert System to achieve. There are many methods for fault analysis; Fault Tree Analysis (FTA) is among those who are simple and efficient. The dissertation analyzes the concept and theory of expert system, fault analysis and fault tree analysis method, therefore asserts the designing procedure and the software designing blue print.
Fault tree analysis is a method of graphics. Analyze all kinds of factor probably causing the system fault, including hardware, software and human. Then we can draw the logical graph (fault tree), and gradually analyzes the fault factor from top to bottom in branches. The objective is to ascertain the basic fault, the causation, the influence and accruing probability.
The fault tree analysis in fault diagnosis applications was discussed. Given the establishment of the fault tree and fault tree model in fault diagnosis expert system inference strategy. Finally, based on the failure mode characteristics, completed the fault tree of the reclaimer.
Using rule-based knowledge representation, rule-based knowledge representation that has been studied in-depth. Given the method of the rule-based knowledge database design, illustrated the expert knowledge organization in the database of the expert system.
Given the design method of inference engine based on the blackboard model. Described the structure and solve process of expert system based on the blackboard model.
Finally, the forward reasoning was applied to the inference engine machine based on blackboard model, achieved the inference engine design flow chart of fault diagnosis expert system for reclaimer.
Based on the analyzing of the corresponding theory to be needed and the user’s requirement, the dissertation asserts the software frame of the expert system. There are data collection module, knowledge database management module, inference and diagnosis module, explanation facility module. The result showed that the fault diagnosis expert system can provide effective help for the reclaimer maintenance.
引文
1杨霞菊.机械设备状态监测与诊断的实验研究.实验室研究与探索,2002,21(6):68~70
2 Anon. Monitoring mining equipment. Engineers Australia, 2005,77(4): 59-64
3张宝国,张起伟,黄曙光.基于Inventor的斗轮堆取料机的设计.工程机械,2007, (38):32-35
4邵明亮,于国飞,耿华.斗轮堆取料机.北京:化学工业出版社,2007:8-13
5王玉兴,唐艳芹,魏民祥.悬臂式斗轮堆取料机的发展及研究动向.建筑机械,1999 (8):25-28
6敖志刚.人工智能与专家系统导论.合肥:中国科技大学出版社,2002:14-19.
7王永庆.人工智能原理与方法.西安:西安交通大学出版社,1998:5-8.
8武波,马玉祥.专家系统.北京:北京理工大学出版社,2000:25-43,64-69
9熊范纶.农业专家系统及开发工具.北京:清华大学出版社,1999:12-15
10关惠玲,韩捷.设备故障诊断专家系统原理及实践.北京:机械工业出版社, 2000:13-15,70-73
11 BIAGETTIT, SCIUBBAE. Automatic diagnostics and prognostics of energy conversion processes via knowledge-based systems. Energy, 2004, 29(12-15): 2553-2572
12 ACOSTAG, CURTIH, CALVOO. A knowledge-based approach for an AUV path planner development. WSEAS Trans on Systems, 2006, 5 (6): 1417-1424
13 AHMEDSA, TEWFIKSR, TALAATHA. Development and verification of a decision support system for the selection of optimum water reuse schemes. Desalination, 2003, 152 (1-3) :339-352
14 NEAPHS, CELIKT. Aknowledge-based system for determination of marginal value of building projects. Expert Systems with Applications, 2001, 21 (3):119-129
15安丽娜,张士杰.专家系统研究现状及展望.计算机应用研究,2007,24(12):1-5
16杨兴,朱大奇,桑庆兵.专家系统研究现状及展望.计算机应用研究,2007,24(5):4-9
17 LI Lian-fa, WANG Jin-feng, WANG Cheng-yi. Typhoon insurance pricing with spatial decision support tools. International Journal of Geographical Information Science, 2005, 19 (3) : 363-384
18白凤双,马竹梧,庄斌.鞍山钢铁公司十号高炉热风炉优化控制系统.世界仪表与自动化,2002,6(5):51-55
19马品仲.城市突发事件应急系统的开发和实施.中国信息导报,2004,(10):37-39
20阴妍,鲍久圣,段雄.机械设备状态监测及故障诊断综述.煤矿机械,2004,(3): 125-126
21孙志林,石来德.机械故障诊断技术理论综述.建筑机械,2004,(1):125-126
22张雨,徐小林,张建华.设备状态监测与故障诊断的理论和实践.北京:国防科技大学出版社,2000:18-21
23盛赵顺,尹琦岭.设备状态监测与故障诊断技术及应用.北京:化学工业出版社,2003:(23-28)
24陆春月,王俊元.机械故障诊断的现状与发展趋势.机械管理开发,2004,(06):85-86.
25 Zhao, Jun; Meyer, Fred J.; Lombardi, Fabrizio. Analyzing and diagnosing interconnect faults in bus-structured systems. IEEE Design and Test of Computers. 2002,19(1):54-64
26 Ryder, S.A. Diagnosing transformer faults using frequency response analysis.IEEE Electrical Insulation Magazine. 2003, 19(2):16-22
27魏霞,徐敏强,鹿卫国.故障诊断技术及应用综述.热力透平,2004,33(04):238-246 .
28王琳.机械设备故障诊断与监测的常用方法及其发展趋势.武汉工业大学学报,2000,22(03):62-64
29 Rajkishore Prasad, Kumar Rajeev Ranjan, A.K. Sinha. AMRAPALIKA. An expert system for the diagnosis of pests,diseases, and disorders in Indian mango. Knowledge-Based Systems. 2006,19(1): (9-21)
30 N.H. Afgan, M.G. Carvalho, P.A. Pilavachi, A. Tourlidakis, G.G. Olkhonski, N. Martins. An expert system concept for diagnosis and monitoring of gas turbine combustion chambers. Applied Thermal Engineering. 2006, 26(7): (766-771)
31崔宝珍,潘宏侠.机械设备故障诊断专家系统的设计.机械管理开发,2005,(1):23-25
32古莹奎,卜英勇.故障诊断专家系统原理与设计.南方冶金学院学报,2000, 21(4):272-275
33 Wang, Zhenyuan; Liu, Yilu; Griffin, Paul J.Neural net and expert system diagnose transformer faults. IEEE Computer Applications in Power. 2000,13(1):50-55
34周知进,刘爱军.机械设备诊断技术的新发展.矿山机械,2004,(02):49-50
35倪维斗,夏朝阳,王民汉.循环流化床锅炉状态监测与故障诊断专家系统的设备与功能组态.清华大学学报,1997,37(S1):37-39
36 Chtourou, Hedi; Masmoudi, Wassim; Maalej, Aref. An expert system for manufacturing systems machine selection. Expert Systems with Applications. 2005,28(3): 461-467
37 Keles, Ali; Keles, Ayturk. ESTDD: Expert system for thyroid diseases diagnosis. Expert Systems with Applications. 2008,34(1):242-246
38 Cheung, Angus; Ip, W.H. Lu, Dawei;Expert system for aircraft maintenance services industry. Journal of Quality in Maintenance Engineering. 2005,11(4):348-358
39 Dement'ev, A; Kabitzsch, K.An online advisory expert system for building automation. Journal of Computer and Systems Sciences International. 2004, 43(5): 785-791
40 Moynihan, Gary P; Suki, Abhijit; Fonseca, Daniel J. An expert system for the selection of software design patterns. Expert Systems, 2006, 23(1):39-52
41吴定海,张培林,傅建平.基于故障树分析的液压故障诊断专家系统研究.液压与气动,2007,(7):79-81
42蔡宗平,汤正平,闵海波.故障树分析法的专家系统在故障诊断中应用.微计算机信息,2006,22(8-1):135-137
43刘志海,鲁青,李桂莉.基于故障树的故障诊断专家系统的研究.矿山机械,2006, 34(5):75-77
44 Yang, Bo-Suk; Tan, Andy Chit Chiow; Lim, Dong-Soo. VIBEX: An expert system for vibration fault diagnosis of rotating machinery using decision tree and decision table. Expert Systems with Applications.2005,28(4):735-742
45 Dokas, I.M.; Karras, D.A.; Panagiotakopoulos, D.C.Fault tree analysis and fuzzyexpert systems: Early warning and emergency response of landfill operations. Environmental Modelling and Software. 2008,24(1):8-25
46许亮,李秀喜,周华.故障诊断专家系统中的知识库的组织和维护技术研究.计算机与应用化学,2006,23(11):1124-1128
47朱丽凤,杨盘洪.农业专家系统知识库的研究.太原理工大学学报, 2006,37(Spec,Issue):36-38
48陈东锋,雷英杰.基于黑板模型的空袭目标识别专家系统.火力与指挥控制,2006,31(3):54-57
49陈宁,姚寿广,陈刚.协同式多代理CAPP专家系统中的黑板控制推理策略与实现.华东船舶工业学院学报,2004,18(5):53-56
50 Wu, Haiqiao; Liu, Yi; Ding, Yunliang; Qui, Yongqing. Fault diagnosis expert system for modern commercial aircraft. Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology. 2004, 76(4):398-403
51 Fonseca, Daniel J.; Bisen, Kirtikumar B.; Midkiff, K. Clark; Moynihan, Gary P.An expert system for lighting energy management in public school facilities. Expert Systems. 2006,23(4):194-211
52 Nan, Cen; Khan, Faisal; Iqbal, M. Tariq.Real-time fault diagnosis using knowledge-based expert system. Process Safety and Environmental Protection. 2008,86(1):55-71
53廖常初.S7-300/400 PLC应用技术.北京:机械工业出版社,2005:380-381
2 Anon. Monitoring mining equipment. Engineers Australia, 2005,77(4): 59-64
3张宝国,张起伟,黄曙光.基于Inventor的斗轮堆取料机的设计.工程机械,2007, (38):32-35
4邵明亮,于国飞,耿华.斗轮堆取料机.北京:化学工业出版社,2007:8-13
5王玉兴,唐艳芹,魏民祥.悬臂式斗轮堆取料机的发展及研究动向.建筑机械,1999 (8):25-28
6敖志刚.人工智能与专家系统导论.合肥:中国科技大学出版社,2002:14-19.
7王永庆.人工智能原理与方法.西安:西安交通大学出版社,1998:5-8.
8武波,马玉祥.专家系统.北京:北京理工大学出版社,2000:25-43,64-69
9熊范纶.农业专家系统及开发工具.北京:清华大学出版社,1999:12-15
10关惠玲,韩捷.设备故障诊断专家系统原理及实践.北京:机械工业出版社, 2000:13-15,70-73
11 BIAGETTIT, SCIUBBAE. Automatic diagnostics and prognostics of energy conversion processes via knowledge-based systems. Energy, 2004, 29(12-15): 2553-2572
12 ACOSTAG, CURTIH, CALVOO. A knowledge-based approach for an AUV path planner development. WSEAS Trans on Systems, 2006, 5 (6): 1417-1424
13 AHMEDSA, TEWFIKSR, TALAATHA. Development and verification of a decision support system for the selection of optimum water reuse schemes. Desalination, 2003, 152 (1-3) :339-352
14 NEAPHS, CELIKT. Aknowledge-based system for determination of marginal value of building projects. Expert Systems with Applications, 2001, 21 (3):119-129
15安丽娜,张士杰.专家系统研究现状及展望.计算机应用研究,2007,24(12):1-5
16杨兴,朱大奇,桑庆兵.专家系统研究现状及展望.计算机应用研究,2007,24(5):4-9
17 LI Lian-fa, WANG Jin-feng, WANG Cheng-yi. Typhoon insurance pricing with spatial decision support tools. International Journal of Geographical Information Science, 2005, 19 (3) : 363-384
18白凤双,马竹梧,庄斌.鞍山钢铁公司十号高炉热风炉优化控制系统.世界仪表与自动化,2002,6(5):51-55
19马品仲.城市突发事件应急系统的开发和实施.中国信息导报,2004,(10):37-39
20阴妍,鲍久圣,段雄.机械设备状态监测及故障诊断综述.煤矿机械,2004,(3): 125-126
21孙志林,石来德.机械故障诊断技术理论综述.建筑机械,2004,(1):125-126
22张雨,徐小林,张建华.设备状态监测与故障诊断的理论和实践.北京:国防科技大学出版社,2000:18-21
23盛赵顺,尹琦岭.设备状态监测与故障诊断技术及应用.北京:化学工业出版社,2003:(23-28)
24陆春月,王俊元.机械故障诊断的现状与发展趋势.机械管理开发,2004,(06):85-86.
25 Zhao, Jun; Meyer, Fred J.; Lombardi, Fabrizio. Analyzing and diagnosing interconnect faults in bus-structured systems. IEEE Design and Test of Computers. 2002,19(1):54-64
26 Ryder, S.A. Diagnosing transformer faults using frequency response analysis.IEEE Electrical Insulation Magazine. 2003, 19(2):16-22
27魏霞,徐敏强,鹿卫国.故障诊断技术及应用综述.热力透平,2004,33(04):238-246 .
28王琳.机械设备故障诊断与监测的常用方法及其发展趋势.武汉工业大学学报,2000,22(03):62-64
29 Rajkishore Prasad, Kumar Rajeev Ranjan, A.K. Sinha. AMRAPALIKA. An expert system for the diagnosis of pests,diseases, and disorders in Indian mango. Knowledge-Based Systems. 2006,19(1): (9-21)
30 N.H. Afgan, M.G. Carvalho, P.A. Pilavachi, A. Tourlidakis, G.G. Olkhonski, N. Martins. An expert system concept for diagnosis and monitoring of gas turbine combustion chambers. Applied Thermal Engineering. 2006, 26(7): (766-771)
31崔宝珍,潘宏侠.机械设备故障诊断专家系统的设计.机械管理开发,2005,(1):23-25
32古莹奎,卜英勇.故障诊断专家系统原理与设计.南方冶金学院学报,2000, 21(4):272-275
33 Wang, Zhenyuan; Liu, Yilu; Griffin, Paul J.Neural net and expert system diagnose transformer faults. IEEE Computer Applications in Power. 2000,13(1):50-55
34周知进,刘爱军.机械设备诊断技术的新发展.矿山机械,2004,(02):49-50
35倪维斗,夏朝阳,王民汉.循环流化床锅炉状态监测与故障诊断专家系统的设备与功能组态.清华大学学报,1997,37(S1):37-39
36 Chtourou, Hedi; Masmoudi, Wassim; Maalej, Aref. An expert system for manufacturing systems machine selection. Expert Systems with Applications. 2005,28(3): 461-467
37 Keles, Ali; Keles, Ayturk. ESTDD: Expert system for thyroid diseases diagnosis. Expert Systems with Applications. 2008,34(1):242-246
38 Cheung, Angus; Ip, W.H. Lu, Dawei;Expert system for aircraft maintenance services industry. Journal of Quality in Maintenance Engineering. 2005,11(4):348-358
39 Dement'ev, A; Kabitzsch, K.An online advisory expert system for building automation. Journal of Computer and Systems Sciences International. 2004, 43(5): 785-791
40 Moynihan, Gary P; Suki, Abhijit; Fonseca, Daniel J. An expert system for the selection of software design patterns. Expert Systems, 2006, 23(1):39-52
41吴定海,张培林,傅建平.基于故障树分析的液压故障诊断专家系统研究.液压与气动,2007,(7):79-81
42蔡宗平,汤正平,闵海波.故障树分析法的专家系统在故障诊断中应用.微计算机信息,2006,22(8-1):135-137
43刘志海,鲁青,李桂莉.基于故障树的故障诊断专家系统的研究.矿山机械,2006, 34(5):75-77
44 Yang, Bo-Suk; Tan, Andy Chit Chiow; Lim, Dong-Soo. VIBEX: An expert system for vibration fault diagnosis of rotating machinery using decision tree and decision table. Expert Systems with Applications.2005,28(4):735-742
45 Dokas, I.M.; Karras, D.A.; Panagiotakopoulos, D.C.Fault tree analysis and fuzzyexpert systems: Early warning and emergency response of landfill operations. Environmental Modelling and Software. 2008,24(1):8-25
46许亮,李秀喜,周华.故障诊断专家系统中的知识库的组织和维护技术研究.计算机与应用化学,2006,23(11):1124-1128
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