等速离心训练对优势、劣势踝关节肌肉力量影响的研究
|
摘要
[方法]实验法:实验对象共计30人,对照组10人,优势踝关节离心训练组10人,劣势踝关节离心训练组10人,其中离心训练采用同样的角速度60°/s。实验共进行8周,第1周主要测试学生训练前踝关节肌肉的最大力矩(PT)、总功(TW)等指标。首先,将仪器设置为向心收缩的模式,给受试者讲解测试的注意事项,使他们熟练掌握等速离心训练,在正式测试前运动员热身运动10分钟,然后正式测试5个来回60°/s的向心运动,要求受试者尽力完成测试,根据在60°/s向心测试时踝关节屈伸肌群最大力矩和总功的原始成绩随机分为三组(分组原则是根据统计学无差异性检验进行分组,各组测试数据间的独立样本检验均无显著性差异),训练前要充分做好学生的思想工作,使每位学生都能按照制定的训练计划进行训练。第2至第7周为训练周,每周训练3天,优势踝关节离心训练组在每周一、三、五下午3点进行,劣势踝关节离心训练组在每周二、四、六下午3点进行,随后各进行两天休息。接着开始训练,第2至第5周离心训练的阻力矩为最大向心力矩的150%,每次训练2轮,每轮2组,每组15次,组间休息15秒,一轮结束之后再进行下一轮的训练。第6、7两周每组训练次数增加到20次,力量增加至受试者最大向心力矩的180%进行离心训练,组间休息10秒,其它条件均不变。在第8周后测试记录训练之后踝关节肌肉的最大力矩、总功等指标。
[结果]在最大力矩、总功方面,优势侧和劣势侧踝关节肌群进行60°/s离心训练后,以60°/s、120°/s、180°/s进行向心测定时在最大力矩、总功方面均显著高于实验前,表明离心训练效果显著,对照组没有参加离心训练,实验前后最大力矩、总功方面没有显著变化。在屈伸肌力比和屈伸肌总功比方面,实验前后优势侧和劣势侧的屈伸肌力比均出现不同程度下降。在原地深蹲纵跳方面,训练组实验后跳跃高度均显著性高于实验前,劣势侧经离心训练后的纵跳效果更为显著。
[结论]
(1)6周离心训练对提高运动员的踝关节屈伸肌群肌肉力量有显著作用,训练组踝关节优势侧和劣势侧屈伸肌实验后在最大力矩和总功方面均有显著增加,表明离心训练的确是一种行之有效的力量训练方式。
(2)选择测定的离心角速度不同,最大力矩和总功效果也不同,训练组和对照组优势侧和劣势侧屈伸肌最大力矩和总功均呈现出60°/s＞120°/s＞180°/s的趋势,表明慢速离心测试能够表现肌肉的最大力量。
(3)经过6周离心训练后,两组训练组受试者在原地深蹲纵跳测定中,实验后的跳跃高度比实验前均有显著性增高,反映出60°/s的离心训练在改善原地纵跳能力方面有明显效果。
(4)6周踝关节优势侧和劣势侧屈伸肌离心训练后,训练组优势侧和劣势侧屈伸肌力比和总功比试验后均呈现出低于实验前的趋势,表明踝关节屈伸肌经过离心训练后,伸肌肌力增长的更快,屈肌和伸肌经过离心训练后反差会减小,这种反差减小会使屈伸肌力更加均衡,也更能防止弱侧的肌肉出现拉伤。
[Method]There are altogether 30 objects of experiment,among them 10 objects are in control group,10 in superior ankle joint experimental group and 10 in inferior ankle joint experimental group.The eccentric training is taken in the same angular velocity-60°/s.The experiment goes on for 8 weeks.In the first week,the PT and TW of ankle joint muscle of the objects are measured before the experiment.At first the experimental is set in the model of concentric contraction and then the experimenter asks the objects get familiar with isokinetic eccentric training by telling them.Some special things they should pay attention to. Before the formal experiment,the objects are asked to do the warming-up exercises for 10 minutes,and then take eccentric training of 60°/s for 5 turns.All the objects are required to try their best to persist until the end of the experiment.Before the experiment the objects are asked to be well-prepared and try their best to finish the training according to the training plan.The objects are trained from the second to seventh weeks, three days a week.The objects in superior ankle joint experimental group are trained at 3 o'clock every Monday,Wednesday and Friday and the objects in inferior ankle joint experimental group are trained at 3 o'clock every Tuesday,Thursday and Saturday,then both groups are allowed to rest for 2 days.From the 2~(nd) to the 5~(th) week of the training the resisting moment of the eccentric training is 150%of the TW.Every set of training has 2 rounds(2 turns each round,15 times each turn and 15 seconds for a break).The next round of training does not start until the end of the first round of training.In the 6~(th) and 7~(th) week the frequency of the training is increased to 20 times each turn.The TW of the objects is increased to 180%.8 weeks after the training the PT and TW of ankle joint muscle of the objects are recorded.
[Result]After 60°/s eccentric training,both the superior ankle joint muscle groups and the inferior ankle joint muscle groups are improved greatly on the sides of PT and TW.It shows that eccentric training is very effective whereas the control group has little change because the objects in this group don't accepted eccentric training.The ratio of the power of flexor and extensor on both superior side and inferior side has decreased in different degrees.After the training,the objects in experimental group can jump much higher especially their inferior side are improved greatly.
[Conclusion]
(1) The 6 week's eccentric training has a very effective effect on strengthening the subjects' flexor and extensor on their ankle joints.The flexor and extensor of the subjects in the experimental group on the ankle joints of both superior side and inferior side are strengthened dramatically on PT and TW.It shows the eccentric training is really a very effective training method.
(2) PT and TW are quite different because of different eccentric angular velocity.For the experimental group and the control group,PT and TW of flexor and extensor on superior side and inferior side tend to be:60°/s＞120°/s＞180°/s.It is proved that the greatest strength can be reflected in slow eccentric training.
(3)After 6 week's eccentric training,the subjects in both groups can jump much higher in different degrees.It shows 60°/s eccentric train is very effective in improving the ability of jumping upward.
(4) After 6 week's eccentric training,the ratio of the power of flexor and extensor on both superior and inferior side has decreased.It shows after the eccentric training the extensor of ankle joints become more powerful and difference between the flexor and extensor is narrowed which helps keeping the balance of flexor and extensor and prevents the muscle on the inferior side from being damaged.
[结果]在最大力矩、总功方面,优势侧和劣势侧踝关节肌群进行60°/s离心训练后,以60°/s、120°/s、180°/s进行向心测定时在最大力矩、总功方面均显著高于实验前,表明离心训练效果显著,对照组没有参加离心训练,实验前后最大力矩、总功方面没有显著变化。在屈伸肌力比和屈伸肌总功比方面,实验前后优势侧和劣势侧的屈伸肌力比均出现不同程度下降。在原地深蹲纵跳方面,训练组实验后跳跃高度均显著性高于实验前,劣势侧经离心训练后的纵跳效果更为显著。
[结论]
(1)6周离心训练对提高运动员的踝关节屈伸肌群肌肉力量有显著作用,训练组踝关节优势侧和劣势侧屈伸肌实验后在最大力矩和总功方面均有显著增加,表明离心训练的确是一种行之有效的力量训练方式。
(2)选择测定的离心角速度不同,最大力矩和总功效果也不同,训练组和对照组优势侧和劣势侧屈伸肌最大力矩和总功均呈现出60°/s＞120°/s＞180°/s的趋势,表明慢速离心测试能够表现肌肉的最大力量。
(3)经过6周离心训练后,两组训练组受试者在原地深蹲纵跳测定中,实验后的跳跃高度比实验前均有显著性增高,反映出60°/s的离心训练在改善原地纵跳能力方面有明显效果。
(4)6周踝关节优势侧和劣势侧屈伸肌离心训练后,训练组优势侧和劣势侧屈伸肌力比和总功比试验后均呈现出低于实验前的趋势,表明踝关节屈伸肌经过离心训练后,伸肌肌力增长的更快,屈肌和伸肌经过离心训练后反差会减小,这种反差减小会使屈伸肌力更加均衡,也更能防止弱侧的肌肉出现拉伤。
[Method]There are altogether 30 objects of experiment,among them 10 objects are in control group,10 in superior ankle joint experimental group and 10 in inferior ankle joint experimental group.The eccentric training is taken in the same angular velocity-60°/s.The experiment goes on for 8 weeks.In the first week,the PT and TW of ankle joint muscle of the objects are measured before the experiment.At first the experimental is set in the model of concentric contraction and then the experimenter asks the objects get familiar with isokinetic eccentric training by telling them.Some special things they should pay attention to. Before the formal experiment,the objects are asked to do the warming-up exercises for 10 minutes,and then take eccentric training of 60°/s for 5 turns.All the objects are required to try their best to persist until the end of the experiment.Before the experiment the objects are asked to be well-prepared and try their best to finish the training according to the training plan.The objects are trained from the second to seventh weeks, three days a week.The objects in superior ankle joint experimental group are trained at 3 o'clock every Monday,Wednesday and Friday and the objects in inferior ankle joint experimental group are trained at 3 o'clock every Tuesday,Thursday and Saturday,then both groups are allowed to rest for 2 days.From the 2~(nd) to the 5~(th) week of the training the resisting moment of the eccentric training is 150%of the TW.Every set of training has 2 rounds(2 turns each round,15 times each turn and 15 seconds for a break).The next round of training does not start until the end of the first round of training.In the 6~(th) and 7~(th) week the frequency of the training is increased to 20 times each turn.The TW of the objects is increased to 180%.8 weeks after the training the PT and TW of ankle joint muscle of the objects are recorded.
[Result]After 60°/s eccentric training,both the superior ankle joint muscle groups and the inferior ankle joint muscle groups are improved greatly on the sides of PT and TW.It shows that eccentric training is very effective whereas the control group has little change because the objects in this group don't accepted eccentric training.The ratio of the power of flexor and extensor on both superior side and inferior side has decreased in different degrees.After the training,the objects in experimental group can jump much higher especially their inferior side are improved greatly.
[Conclusion]
(1) The 6 week's eccentric training has a very effective effect on strengthening the subjects' flexor and extensor on their ankle joints.The flexor and extensor of the subjects in the experimental group on the ankle joints of both superior side and inferior side are strengthened dramatically on PT and TW.It shows the eccentric training is really a very effective training method.
(2) PT and TW are quite different because of different eccentric angular velocity.For the experimental group and the control group,PT and TW of flexor and extensor on superior side and inferior side tend to be:60°/s＞120°/s＞180°/s.It is proved that the greatest strength can be reflected in slow eccentric training.
(3)After 6 week's eccentric training,the subjects in both groups can jump much higher in different degrees.It shows 60°/s eccentric train is very effective in improving the ability of jumping upward.
(4) After 6 week's eccentric training,the ratio of the power of flexor and extensor on both superior and inferior side has decreased.It shows after the eccentric training the extensor of ankle joints become more powerful and difference between the flexor and extensor is narrowed which helps keeping the balance of flexor and extensor and prevents the muscle on the inferior side from being damaged.
引文
[1]Perrine JJ.The isokinetic concept of exercise[J].Phys Ther.1967.47:114-117
[2]徐军.等速运动新进展[J].当代医学,1999,5(2)
[3]吴毅,占飞.等速肌力测试和训练技术在运动医学中的应用[J].中国运动医学杂志,2002,21(1):81-101
[4]McBride TA.AT1 receptors are necessary for eccentric training-induced hypertrophy and strength gains in rat skeletal muscle[J].Exp Physiol.2006Mar;91(2):413-21.Epub 2005 Nov 29.
[5]周思红.离心收缩训练对肌肉力量和肌电图RMS值的影响[J].西安体育学院学报,2005,22(6):62-65
[6]Evans DT,Smith L L,Chenier T C,et al.Changes in peaktorque,limb volume and delayed onset muscle soreness following repetitive eccentric contractions[J].Int J Sports Med,1990,11(5):400-403.
[7]赖柳明.屈肘肌群等张离心与向心收缩不同组合方案训练的效果[J].北京体育大学学报,1993,13(1):56-58
[8]王保成,王川著.田径运动理论创新探索[M].北京体育大学出版社,2003,6
[9]徐军.膝关节损伤后远期肌力改变的分析[J].中国运动医学杂志,2003,22:8-13
[10]成鹏.毕霞.屈伸膝肌等速向心、离心收缩的比较研究[J].现代康复,2000,4(11):45-46
[11]Robert Moss.The effects of serial stretch loading on strength gains when performing the dead lift[D].第三界体育科学大会论文集,1995
[12]Jenson Ketal.Evaluation of eccentric exercise in treatment of patellar tendiritis[J].PhysTher,1989,69:211-216
[13]赵琦,熊西北.两组不同手段组合练习对田径跳跃运动专项力量训练效果的研究[J].北京体育大学学报,2002,1(3):45-47
[14]Saxton J M,Clarkson P M,James R,et al.Neuromuscular function following eccentric exercise[J].Med Sci Sports Exerc,1995,27(8):1185 - 1193
[15]张贵敏.运动员髋、膝、踝伸屈肌力矩的测试分析[J].体育科学,1995,15(2):40-14
[16]成鹏.正常男性下肢等速向心收缩的研究[J].中国康复理论与实践,1999,5(3)
[17]成耀东.男足运动员踝关节跟腱韧带损伤的康复治疗与监测研究[J].体育科研,2006,1
[18]薛刚,黄昌林.Cybex-6000系统测试肩关节伸肌群向心-离心收缩的信度研究[J].中国康复理论与实践,2005,11(4)
[19]杨晓兰.踝关节力量在短跑着地缓冲中的重要作用及力量的训练[J].成都大学学报(自然科学版),2001,20(3):57-59
[20]骆建.短跑运动力量提高属性及训练原则[J].成都体育学院学报,2001,2(5):23-25
[21]张念坤.人体下肢肌肉力量训练方法的探讨[J].科技信息.2007,18(6):132-133
[22]俞晓春.等动测力及康复训练系统在运动员膝关节损伤后力量训练中的应用[J].安徽体育科技,2006,27(3):43-45
[23]李学军.等动向心离心训练对膝关节屈伸力矩影响研究[J].北京体育大学学报,2007,30(9):45-46
[24]王宗兵.等速运动技术对膝关节损伤后肌力训练的影响研究[J].四川体育科学.2006,3(1):44-45
[25]吴毅,杨晓冰,李云霞,范振华.膝关节屈肌和伸肌等速向心,等速离心及等长测试的研究[J].中国运动医学杂志,1996,15-193.
[26]谷爱武.等速离心肌力训练治疗膝关节骨关节炎的研究[J].中国康复医学杂志,1997,12-197
[27]顾旭东,李建华,许志生.等速离心训练对膝关节骨关节炎患者的影响[J].中华物理医学与康复杂志2005,27(6):335-338
[28]Saxton J M,Clarkson P M,James R,et al.Neuromuscular function following eccentric exercise[J].Med Sci Sports Exert,1995,27(8):1185 - 1193
[29]庄冲.延迟性肌肉疼痛防治的研究进展[J].体育学刊,2005,12(5):4-49
[30]顾新,佟方.等速运动装置在肩关节术后康复中的应用[J].中国康复医学杂志, 2003,18(5):26-30
[31]马建,刘波,罗小兵,戴国钢,王煜,潘秋辉.连续2周离心运动对人体上臂屈肌等速肌力的影响[J].中国运动医学杂志,2003,22(5):514-517
[32]马建,张世明,刘波,等.中医外治方法对兔骨骼肌连续离心运动后形态学与组织病理学影响的实验研究[J].中国运动医学杂志,2000,19(1):19-24.
[33]吴小平.离心性收缩在高痉挛状态上肢功能训练中的作用[J].中国康复医学杂志,2002,17(5):296-297
[34]Andrew P.Lavender.Changes in fluctuation of isometric force following eccentric and concentric exercise of the elbow flexors[J].Eur J Appl Physiol (2006)96:235-240.
[35]Michel pousson et al Changes in Elastic Characteristics of Human Muscle Lnducde by Eccentric Exercise[J].Biomechanics,1990,23(4):343-348
[36]Donnelly A E,Clarkson P M,Maughan R J.Exercise - in2duced muscle damage:effects of light exercise on damaged muscle[J].Eur J Appl Physiol,1992,64(4):350 - 353
[37]Jenson Ketal.Evaluation of eccentric exercise in treatment of patellar tendiritis[J].PhysTher,1989,69:211-216
[38]Engardt M,kwutsson E,et al.Dynamic muscle strength training in stroke patients,effects on knee extension toque,electron myographic activity,and motor function[J].Arch phys Med Rehabil,1995,76(5):419-425
[39]Evans D T,Smith L L,Chenier T C,et al.Changes in peak torque,limb volume and delayed onset muscle soreness following repetitive eccentric contractions[J].Int J Sports Med,1990,11(5):400-403.
[40]Saxton J M,Clarkson P M,James R,et al.Neuromuscular dys2function following eccentric exercise[J].Med Sci Sports Exerc,1995,27(8):1185-1193.
[41]Clarkson P M,Nosaka K,Bruan B.Muscle function after exer248cise - induced muscle damage and rapid adaptation[J].Med SciSports Exerc,1992,24(5):512-520.
[42]Gibala M J,MacDougall J D,Tarnopolsky M A,et al.Changesin human skeletal muscle ultrastructure and force production after a2cute resistance exercise[J].J Appl Physiol,1995,78(2):702 -708.
[43]Engardt M,kwutsson E,et al.Dynamic muscle strength training in stroke patieats,effects on knee extension toque,electron my ographic activity,and motor function[J].Arch phys Med Rehabil,1995,76(5):419-425
[44]Tara G.Potier · Caroline M.Alexander · Olivier R.Seynnes.Effects of eccentric strength training on biceps femoris muscle architecture and knee joint range of movement.Eur J Appl Physiol(2009) 105:939-944
[45]杨静宜,赖柳明.肌肉离心收缩研究现状综述[J].体育科学,1991,6(11):48-51
[46]范振华.骨科康复医学[J].上海医科大学出版社,1997,15(6):146-147
[47]杨子民,赵雷,陈哲夫.同一肌肉离心/向心力量比值与肌肉损伤康复的效果[J].山西师大体育学院学报,2003,18(3):68-70
[48]吴毅.等速肌肉功能测试和训练技术的临床应用[J].中国康复医学杂志,1999,14(2):92-94
[49]常颖.等速肌力测试和训练技术在膝关节伤病中的应用[J].中国康复医学杂志,2005,22(4):63-65
[50]黄杰.躯干肌慢速等速向心收缩肌力的测试研究[J].中国康复医学杂志,2005,20(8):589-591
[51]卢纹岱.SPSS for Windows统计分析(第2版)[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2002:9
[52]王河.体育关节屈伸肌群等动向心、等动离心、等长收缩肌研究[J].成都体育学院学报,2000,26(2):46-51
[53]体育院校通用教材.运动生理学[M].北京:人民体育出版社,2002;9
[54]体育院校通用教材.运动解剖学[M].北京:人民体育出版社,2002;9
[55]王瑞元.运动生理学[M].北京:人民教育出版社,2002,38-39
[56]杨锡让.实用运动生理学[M].北京:北京体育大学出版社,1998.15
[57]体育院校通用教材.运动生物力学[M].北京:人民体育出版社,1990:6
[58]康凯.等动训练促进运动员膝关节术后肌肉力量恢复的研究[J].山东体育科技,2004,26(1):26-29
[59]谢家安.有效发挥大脑潜能[M].香港:香港大脑潜能中心,1993.35-85.
[60]托马斯R布莱克斯利(美),傅世侠译.右脑与创造[M].北京:北京大学出版社,1992.
[61]郭有辛,严政.运动技能的学习与右脑功能开发的讨论及设想[J].体育与科学.1991,(1):41243.
[62]李帅星,梁蕾.优秀运动员用脑习惯的对照研究[J].北京体育师范学院学报.1997,9(1):66268.
[63]体育学院通用教材.体育测量评价[M].北京:人民体育出版社,2006:177-178
[64]王保成.跳跃训练起跳腿伸肌的退让性收缩能力[J].北京体育科技,1982,9:24-25
[65]喻薇.对影响人体爆发力某些因素的研究[J].科技信息,2002,124
[66]卢塞军.不同训练方法对发展弹跳力的影响[J].中国学校体育,2000,5:34
[67]段子才.组数杠铃负重蹲起练习后纵跳高度变化的对比研究[J].阜阳师范学院学报(自然科学版),2007,24(3):55-58
[68]冀民,赵琦.高水平跳跃运动员力量训练的主要特点.南京体育学院学报[J].2000,12:137-139
[69]田野,马鹏鹏,郭时杰等.连续运动后延迟性肌肉损伤的适应性研究[J].中国运动医学杂志,2003,22(2):138-142
[70]Howat son G,Van SomerenKA.Ice massage.Effects on exercise-induced muscle damage[J].J Sport s Med Phys Fitness,2003,43(4):500 - 502
[71]张鑫,马建.延迟性肌肉酸痛症机制及治疗相关文献的循证医学评价[J].中国运动医学杂志,2008,27(3):386-389
[2]徐军.等速运动新进展[J].当代医学,1999,5(2)
[3]吴毅,占飞.等速肌力测试和训练技术在运动医学中的应用[J].中国运动医学杂志,2002,21(1):81-101
[4]McBride TA.AT1 receptors are necessary for eccentric training-induced hypertrophy and strength gains in rat skeletal muscle[J].Exp Physiol.2006Mar;91(2):413-21.Epub 2005 Nov 29.
[5]周思红.离心收缩训练对肌肉力量和肌电图RMS值的影响[J].西安体育学院学报,2005,22(6):62-65
[6]Evans DT,Smith L L,Chenier T C,et al.Changes in peaktorque,limb volume and delayed onset muscle soreness following repetitive eccentric contractions[J].Int J Sports Med,1990,11(5):400-403.
[7]赖柳明.屈肘肌群等张离心与向心收缩不同组合方案训练的效果[J].北京体育大学学报,1993,13(1):56-58
[8]王保成,王川著.田径运动理论创新探索[M].北京体育大学出版社,2003,6
[9]徐军.膝关节损伤后远期肌力改变的分析[J].中国运动医学杂志,2003,22:8-13
[10]成鹏.毕霞.屈伸膝肌等速向心、离心收缩的比较研究[J].现代康复,2000,4(11):45-46
[11]Robert Moss.The effects of serial stretch loading on strength gains when performing the dead lift[D].第三界体育科学大会论文集,1995
[12]Jenson Ketal.Evaluation of eccentric exercise in treatment of patellar tendiritis[J].PhysTher,1989,69:211-216
[13]赵琦,熊西北.两组不同手段组合练习对田径跳跃运动专项力量训练效果的研究[J].北京体育大学学报,2002,1(3):45-47
[14]Saxton J M,Clarkson P M,James R,et al.Neuromuscular function following eccentric exercise[J].Med Sci Sports Exerc,1995,27(8):1185 - 1193
[15]张贵敏.运动员髋、膝、踝伸屈肌力矩的测试分析[J].体育科学,1995,15(2):40-14
[16]成鹏.正常男性下肢等速向心收缩的研究[J].中国康复理论与实践,1999,5(3)
[17]成耀东.男足运动员踝关节跟腱韧带损伤的康复治疗与监测研究[J].体育科研,2006,1
[18]薛刚,黄昌林.Cybex-6000系统测试肩关节伸肌群向心-离心收缩的信度研究[J].中国康复理论与实践,2005,11(4)
[19]杨晓兰.踝关节力量在短跑着地缓冲中的重要作用及力量的训练[J].成都大学学报(自然科学版),2001,20(3):57-59
[20]骆建.短跑运动力量提高属性及训练原则[J].成都体育学院学报,2001,2(5):23-25
[21]张念坤.人体下肢肌肉力量训练方法的探讨[J].科技信息.2007,18(6):132-133
[22]俞晓春.等动测力及康复训练系统在运动员膝关节损伤后力量训练中的应用[J].安徽体育科技,2006,27(3):43-45
[23]李学军.等动向心离心训练对膝关节屈伸力矩影响研究[J].北京体育大学学报,2007,30(9):45-46
[24]王宗兵.等速运动技术对膝关节损伤后肌力训练的影响研究[J].四川体育科学.2006,3(1):44-45
[25]吴毅,杨晓冰,李云霞,范振华.膝关节屈肌和伸肌等速向心,等速离心及等长测试的研究[J].中国运动医学杂志,1996,15-193.
[26]谷爱武.等速离心肌力训练治疗膝关节骨关节炎的研究[J].中国康复医学杂志,1997,12-197
[27]顾旭东,李建华,许志生.等速离心训练对膝关节骨关节炎患者的影响[J].中华物理医学与康复杂志2005,27(6):335-338
[28]Saxton J M,Clarkson P M,James R,et al.Neuromuscular function following eccentric exercise[J].Med Sci Sports Exert,1995,27(8):1185 - 1193
[29]庄冲.延迟性肌肉疼痛防治的研究进展[J].体育学刊,2005,12(5):4-49
[30]顾新,佟方.等速运动装置在肩关节术后康复中的应用[J].中国康复医学杂志, 2003,18(5):26-30
[31]马建,刘波,罗小兵,戴国钢,王煜,潘秋辉.连续2周离心运动对人体上臂屈肌等速肌力的影响[J].中国运动医学杂志,2003,22(5):514-517
[32]马建,张世明,刘波,等.中医外治方法对兔骨骼肌连续离心运动后形态学与组织病理学影响的实验研究[J].中国运动医学杂志,2000,19(1):19-24.
[33]吴小平.离心性收缩在高痉挛状态上肢功能训练中的作用[J].中国康复医学杂志,2002,17(5):296-297
[34]Andrew P.Lavender.Changes in fluctuation of isometric force following eccentric and concentric exercise of the elbow flexors[J].Eur J Appl Physiol (2006)96:235-240.
[35]Michel pousson et al Changes in Elastic Characteristics of Human Muscle Lnducde by Eccentric Exercise[J].Biomechanics,1990,23(4):343-348
[36]Donnelly A E,Clarkson P M,Maughan R J.Exercise - in2duced muscle damage:effects of light exercise on damaged muscle[J].Eur J Appl Physiol,1992,64(4):350 - 353
[37]Jenson Ketal.Evaluation of eccentric exercise in treatment of patellar tendiritis[J].PhysTher,1989,69:211-216
[38]Engardt M,kwutsson E,et al.Dynamic muscle strength training in stroke patients,effects on knee extension toque,electron myographic activity,and motor function[J].Arch phys Med Rehabil,1995,76(5):419-425
[39]Evans D T,Smith L L,Chenier T C,et al.Changes in peak torque,limb volume and delayed onset muscle soreness following repetitive eccentric contractions[J].Int J Sports Med,1990,11(5):400-403.
[40]Saxton J M,Clarkson P M,James R,et al.Neuromuscular dys2function following eccentric exercise[J].Med Sci Sports Exerc,1995,27(8):1185-1193.
[41]Clarkson P M,Nosaka K,Bruan B.Muscle function after exer248cise - induced muscle damage and rapid adaptation[J].Med SciSports Exerc,1992,24(5):512-520.
[42]Gibala M J,MacDougall J D,Tarnopolsky M A,et al.Changesin human skeletal muscle ultrastructure and force production after a2cute resistance exercise[J].J Appl Physiol,1995,78(2):702 -708.
[43]Engardt M,kwutsson E,et al.Dynamic muscle strength training in stroke patieats,effects on knee extension toque,electron my ographic activity,and motor function[J].Arch phys Med Rehabil,1995,76(5):419-425
[44]Tara G.Potier · Caroline M.Alexander · Olivier R.Seynnes.Effects of eccentric strength training on biceps femoris muscle architecture and knee joint range of movement.Eur J Appl Physiol(2009) 105:939-944
[45]杨静宜,赖柳明.肌肉离心收缩研究现状综述[J].体育科学,1991,6(11):48-51
[46]范振华.骨科康复医学[J].上海医科大学出版社,1997,15(6):146-147
[47]杨子民,赵雷,陈哲夫.同一肌肉离心/向心力量比值与肌肉损伤康复的效果[J].山西师大体育学院学报,2003,18(3):68-70
[48]吴毅.等速肌肉功能测试和训练技术的临床应用[J].中国康复医学杂志,1999,14(2):92-94
[49]常颖.等速肌力测试和训练技术在膝关节伤病中的应用[J].中国康复医学杂志,2005,22(4):63-65
[50]黄杰.躯干肌慢速等速向心收缩肌力的测试研究[J].中国康复医学杂志,2005,20(8):589-591
[51]卢纹岱.SPSS for Windows统计分析(第2版)[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2002:9
[52]王河.体育关节屈伸肌群等动向心、等动离心、等长收缩肌研究[J].成都体育学院学报,2000,26(2):46-51
[53]体育院校通用教材.运动生理学[M].北京:人民体育出版社,2002;9
[54]体育院校通用教材.运动解剖学[M].北京:人民体育出版社,2002;9
[55]王瑞元.运动生理学[M].北京:人民教育出版社,2002,38-39
[56]杨锡让.实用运动生理学[M].北京:北京体育大学出版社,1998.15
[57]体育院校通用教材.运动生物力学[M].北京:人民体育出版社,1990:6
[58]康凯.等动训练促进运动员膝关节术后肌肉力量恢复的研究[J].山东体育科技,2004,26(1):26-29
[59]谢家安.有效发挥大脑潜能[M].香港:香港大脑潜能中心,1993.35-85.
[60]托马斯R布莱克斯利(美),傅世侠译.右脑与创造[M].北京:北京大学出版社,1992.
[61]郭有辛,严政.运动技能的学习与右脑功能开发的讨论及设想[J].体育与科学.1991,(1):41243.
[62]李帅星,梁蕾.优秀运动员用脑习惯的对照研究[J].北京体育师范学院学报.1997,9(1):66268.
[63]体育学院通用教材.体育测量评价[M].北京:人民体育出版社,2006:177-178
[64]王保成.跳跃训练起跳腿伸肌的退让性收缩能力[J].北京体育科技,1982,9:24-25
[65]喻薇.对影响人体爆发力某些因素的研究[J].科技信息,2002,124
[66]卢塞军.不同训练方法对发展弹跳力的影响[J].中国学校体育,2000,5:34
[67]段子才.组数杠铃负重蹲起练习后纵跳高度变化的对比研究[J].阜阳师范学院学报(自然科学版),2007,24(3):55-58
[68]冀民,赵琦.高水平跳跃运动员力量训练的主要特点.南京体育学院学报[J].2000,12:137-139
[69]田野,马鹏鹏,郭时杰等.连续运动后延迟性肌肉损伤的适应性研究[J].中国运动医学杂志,2003,22(2):138-142
[70]Howat son G,Van SomerenKA.Ice massage.Effects on exercise-induced muscle damage[J].J Sport s Med Phys Fitness,2003,43(4):500 - 502
[71]张鑫,马建.延迟性肌肉酸痛症机制及治疗相关文献的循证医学评价[J].中国运动医学杂志,2008,27(3):386-389