ZK60镁合金高温变形行为研究
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摘要
镁合金是所有金属结构材料中最轻的,其密度通常在1.75×10~3~1.85×10~3kg/m~3,是铝的2/3 ,钢的3/4。镁合金具有很高的比强度和比刚度,己被誉为21世纪的金属。
但由于镁合金的晶体结构为密排六方,塑性不及较常用的面心立方结构金属,塑性成形能力差,因而镁合金在压铸成形领域优先得到重视和发展。变形镁合金与铸造镁合金相比,有更优良的综合性能,因而为了推动镁合金在航空、航天、汽车、摩托车等领域内的大量应用,发展我国的镁工业,必须大力开发变形镁合金及其生产工艺。
本研究是在全球轻量化、大力发展镁合金的背景下,以镁合金ZK60为研究对象,对ZK60镁合金的高温流动行为进行了系统研究,确定出了ZK60镁合金高温变形时的最佳工艺参数范围;以ZK60镁合金高温变形的应力-应变曲线的特征分析为基础,建立了ZK60镁合金高温变形时的流动应力模型。验证结果表明,ZK60镁合金高温变形时的流动应力模型能较好地描述合金的高温变形行为。同时研究分析了ZK60镁合金的组织变化及动态再结晶。
应用有限元方法,对锻造充型实验进行了数值模拟。着重讨论了不同的凸模斜度、圆角半径对变形过程的影响。研究结果表明,采用合理的凸模斜度和圆角半径,可避免锻造过程中的应力集中现象;镁合金在凸模斜度为3°,圆角半径为2mm的条件下锻造时具有更好的流动性和较低的变形抗力。上述研究为ZK60镁合金锻造工艺的优化设计及质量控制提供了理论和技术上的支持。
Magnesium alloys is the most light in all of the metal construction materials,its density only contain 1.75×103~1.85×103kg/m3, its density is 2/3 than that of aluminum, 1/4 of steel.The magnesium alloy has high specific strength and specific rigidity.The magnesium alloy will display important roles in the 21st century.
Because of close-packed hexagonal structure,its plasticity displays worse than aluminum, as a result magnesium alloy at die-casting forming realm are attached importance and develop. Forming magnesium alloy have the more synthetical capability than the casts magnesium alloy, as a result for pushing the magnesium alloy in aviation, car, motorcycle...etc realm more be applied, For developing the magnesium industry of our country, must strongly develop forming magnesium alloy and its production crafts.
This background of research is global lightweight and developing the magnesium, choose ZK60 magnesium alloy proceeds the research, Based on the characteristics of the stress-strain curves of the ZK60 magnesium alloy during high temperature deformation, the flow stress model of ZK60 magnesium alloy during high temperature deformation has been established by the isothermal compression. Meanwhile, the present model is checked. It is proofed that present constitutive relationship has a good reliability. In addition, studying systematically the regulation of organize evolvement and dynamic recrystallization of ZK60 magnesium alloy during heat forming.
The effects of parameters in forging like cavity die-filling have been numerically simulated by finite element method. The affect of emphatically the different inclination of drift and punch-nose radius for equivalent strain, stress and load-journey curves have been discussed. The results investigated show that when adoption of the inclination of drift is 3°and the punch-nose radius 3mm, the magnesium alloy has better flowing ability and lower forming resistance. This work provides the theory and technique foundation for implementing process optimized design and quality control scheme of ZK60 magnesium alloy connecting piece isothermal forging process.
但由于镁合金的晶体结构为密排六方,塑性不及较常用的面心立方结构金属,塑性成形能力差,因而镁合金在压铸成形领域优先得到重视和发展。变形镁合金与铸造镁合金相比,有更优良的综合性能,因而为了推动镁合金在航空、航天、汽车、摩托车等领域内的大量应用,发展我国的镁工业,必须大力开发变形镁合金及其生产工艺。
本研究是在全球轻量化、大力发展镁合金的背景下,以镁合金ZK60为研究对象,对ZK60镁合金的高温流动行为进行了系统研究,确定出了ZK60镁合金高温变形时的最佳工艺参数范围;以ZK60镁合金高温变形的应力-应变曲线的特征分析为基础,建立了ZK60镁合金高温变形时的流动应力模型。验证结果表明,ZK60镁合金高温变形时的流动应力模型能较好地描述合金的高温变形行为。同时研究分析了ZK60镁合金的组织变化及动态再结晶。
应用有限元方法,对锻造充型实验进行了数值模拟。着重讨论了不同的凸模斜度、圆角半径对变形过程的影响。研究结果表明,采用合理的凸模斜度和圆角半径,可避免锻造过程中的应力集中现象;镁合金在凸模斜度为3°,圆角半径为2mm的条件下锻造时具有更好的流动性和较低的变形抗力。上述研究为ZK60镁合金锻造工艺的优化设计及质量控制提供了理论和技术上的支持。
Magnesium alloys is the most light in all of the metal construction materials,its density only contain 1.75×103~1.85×103kg/m3, its density is 2/3 than that of aluminum, 1/4 of steel.The magnesium alloy has high specific strength and specific rigidity.The magnesium alloy will display important roles in the 21st century.
Because of close-packed hexagonal structure,its plasticity displays worse than aluminum, as a result magnesium alloy at die-casting forming realm are attached importance and develop. Forming magnesium alloy have the more synthetical capability than the casts magnesium alloy, as a result for pushing the magnesium alloy in aviation, car, motorcycle...etc realm more be applied, For developing the magnesium industry of our country, must strongly develop forming magnesium alloy and its production crafts.
This background of research is global lightweight and developing the magnesium, choose ZK60 magnesium alloy proceeds the research, Based on the characteristics of the stress-strain curves of the ZK60 magnesium alloy during high temperature deformation, the flow stress model of ZK60 magnesium alloy during high temperature deformation has been established by the isothermal compression. Meanwhile, the present model is checked. It is proofed that present constitutive relationship has a good reliability. In addition, studying systematically the regulation of organize evolvement and dynamic recrystallization of ZK60 magnesium alloy during heat forming.
The effects of parameters in forging like cavity die-filling have been numerically simulated by finite element method. The affect of emphatically the different inclination of drift and punch-nose radius for equivalent strain, stress and load-journey curves have been discussed. The results investigated show that when adoption of the inclination of drift is 3°and the punch-nose radius 3mm, the magnesium alloy has better flowing ability and lower forming resistance. This work provides the theory and technique foundation for implementing process optimized design and quality control scheme of ZK60 magnesium alloy connecting piece isothermal forging process.
引文
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[3]赵鸿.铝在汽车上的应用.汽车工料.1997,No1
[4] Mark P. Miller. Getting Started With MSC. NASTRAN. The MacNeal一Schwendler Corpotation
[5]汪之清.国外镁铸技术的发展[7].铸造.1997(8):45~51
[6] J. Enss, T. Evertz, T. Reier, P. Juchmann, S. Schumann, W. Sebastian, New magnesium rolled Productions for automobile applications[A]. Proceedings of the Second Israeli International Conference on magnesium Science&Technology[C]. Dead Sea,Israel, 2000, 19~34
[7] H. Friedrich. s. Schumarn. research for a "New age of magnesium" in the automotive industry[J].Journey of Materials Processing Technology. 2002, 117 (3):276-281
[8] N. Ogawa, M. Shiomi,K.Osakada. Forming limit of Magnesium alloy at elevated temperate for Precision Forging[J].Int .J. Machine Tools and Manufacture, 2002,42:607-614
[9]张少卿.MB15镁合金的相组成及其微观形态.金属学报,1989,25(6):A346-A351.
[10] Nussbaum. A I.52 Annual IMA World Magnesium Conference. Light Metal Age.1999,53 (7-8):58~69
[11] Masers D M. A global review of Magnesium parts in automobiles. Light Metal Age, 1996.54 (9-10):58~69
[12]杨映芬,齐洪亮.铝合金汽车轮毂的市场需求及发展趋势.有色金属设计.1999 vol. 26Nol
[13] Andrew Currie. Structural Optimization Comes of Age: Wheel Evaluation YieldsReal-World Results. Msc Model of the month, March 1997
[14]蒲正丽.美洲虎和沃尔沃轿车公司开发新镁合金部件[J].稀有金属快报. 2002 (11),22
[15]陈吉华,陈振华,严红革等.快速凝固镁合金的研究进展[J].化工进展. 2004, 23 (8),816~821
[16]翟秋亚等.挤压变形AZ31镁合金组织和性能的影响[J].西安理工大学学报. 2002, 18 (3):254~258.
[17] Chen F X. Su J H. Yang Y L.et al. Research on superplasticity and superplastic extrusion of MB26 Magnesium alloy[J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol. 2001,17 (1).147~148.
[18]刘满平,马春江,王渠东,吴国华,朱燕萍,丁文江等.工业态az31镁合金的超塑性变形行为[J].有色金属学报, 2002(4): 797~781.
[19]丁水,于彦东,张凯锋等,MB15镁合金板材的超塑性能研究[J].锻压技术,2003 (3):44~46
[20]尉胤红等,轧制AZ91镁合金超塑性研究[J],高技术通讯,2002 (9): 51~55.
[21]王祝堂.铝合金轮毂的发展.轻合金加工技术. 1994, Vol. 22, No3
[22]薛克敏、郝南海等.MB15镁合金上机匣的等温精锻分析.中国有色金属学报.1998(3)
[23]吕炎,徐福昌,薛克敏等,镁合金上机闸等温精锻工艺的研究[J].哈尔滨工业大学学报.2000 32 (4), 127~129.
[24] S. Kobayashi, S.I.Oh, T.Altan, Metal Forming and the Finite Element Method. Oxford University Press.New York, 1989.
[25]陈欣如,胡忠民.塑性有限元及其在金属成形领域中的应用.重庆:重庆大学出版社. 1989.
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