基于VRML的数控加工仿真系统的研究和实现
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摘要
随着计算机技术、网络信息技术的飞速发展，虚拟制造已经成为当今先进制造技术领域的热点和核心之一。而数控加工过程仿真是虚拟制造的关键技术之一，也是数控技术、仿真技术与虚拟现实技术等先进技术的交叉应用学科之一。目前不少先进的CAD／CAPP／CAM系统都提供了一定的NC仿真功能，但直接通过数控程序来驱动仿真加工过程的软件还很少。我国制造企业中采用手工、半手工进行数控编程的情况依然存在，对于数控加工仿真软件系统的需求是相当迫切的。
VRML已经成为Internet上三维交互式虚拟现实技术平台的开放式标准，利用VRML相关技术开发的数控加工仿真系统，具有开放性和可扩展性，并可实现基于Internet的跨平台交互式操作。本文提出了开发基于VRML数控加工仿真系统的实施方案，以VRML的三维虚拟现实场景作为仿真平台，以网络服务器系统作为信息交换的枢纽，通过互联网进行客户的远程异地协作完成数控加工过程的仿真。本文在VRML数控仿真系统的核心领域的研究中取得了一定的成果，主要内容有：
1 提出了基于特征造型的抽象细分法，描述仿真对象的几何模型，以VRML组件化编程技术支持通用仿真模型类型库，构造网络虚拟现实加工仿真环境的新颖思想，并以VRML混合编程技术编制出数控车削仿真软件模块。该模块具备一定的通用性和扩展性。在对四川大学工程训练中心实习工厂提供的零件加工数控程序进行仿真的实践中取得了比较满意的效果
2 在Windows操作系统和IIS平台上，利用ASP技术结合ADO数据访问技术建立起小型的企业网站服务器系统，作为数控程序编程用户和数控程序仿
论文摘要
真用户信息交互的枢纽和信息服务的平台。该系统实现技术简明、维护方便、
安全性较好。
3 研究基于VRML技术的数控仿真系统，该系统能够运行于Internet环境，
不依赖昂贵的CAD／CAM软件平台，并可以方便地实现企业间加工仿真信息的
网络共享和制造资源的集成整合，为提高制造企业的生产效率和加工水平，实
现制造企业信息化网络化，进而推动虚拟制造在我国的普及奠定坚实的基础。
With the speedy development of the computer and information technology,the Virtual Manufacturing (VM) technology has been substantial to the Advanced Manufacturing Technology (AMT). The process simulation of numerically controlled machine tool is the pivotal technology of VM,and also the intersection of the modern technology such as numerical control,simulation and virtual reality technology. Some advanced CAD/CAM/CAPP softwares have been provided the function of NC simulation,but the simulation software is still wanted that can simulate and display the process of NC immediately by parse the NC code. In our country,many manufacturing enterprises demand for the simulation software because the NC codes are still edited by the manner of pure handwork or half-handwork partially.
VRML has been intended to be the open standard of 3D interactive development environment of VR on Internet. The NC simulation system based on VRML is provided with open structure and fine expandability,the interactive operation of which is well adapted to different kinds of development environment based on Internet. This paper researches the executive plan of the NC simulation system based on VRML,which employ the 3D virtual reality scene of VRML as simulation
environment and employ the network server as transfer station of simulation information to fulfill the work of NC simulation by the long-distance cooperation of clients. This paper has meet with success in the key technology of the NC simulation and the main content as follows.-
The instance is the NC code of G-CNC6135 numerically controlled machine tool that belongs to Engineering Teaching Center of Sichuan University,and has acquired definite production through intense study. The content of the study is:
1 This paper bring forward the creative thinking of general classification for modeling based on features which can describe the geometrical model of work piece and building the universal model repository for the objects of NC simulation depended on the modules of VRML. Then the software module for NC simulation is acquired through edits the codes of VRML language commingled with JavaScript,which can display accurate and interactive animation of simulation for the process of turning. In the instance of the NC simulation for G-CNC6135 numerically controlled machine tool from Engineering Teaching Center of Sichuan University,the simulation software module takes effect well and bears good adaptability and expandability.
2 On the IIS of Windows operation system,we design the web service system for manufacturing enterprises in the miniature through the ASP and ADO technology,which is the transfer station and service desk of information for the client who edit the NC code and the client who carry our the simulating. The implementation technique of this web service system can easily be mastered and the system can be maintained conveniently and have good safety.
3 Study the NC simulation system based on VRML for Internet application,which needn't to rely on the expensive CAD/CAM software,and be able to achieve the share of machining simulation information and the integration of manufacturing resource conveniently between corporations and enterprises. Research and development on the simulation system can improve the production efficiency and processing capability of manufacturing enterprises,and make a firm foundation for
imformatization and modernization in the field of manufacturing.
VRML已经成为Internet上三维交互式虚拟现实技术平台的开放式标准，利用VRML相关技术开发的数控加工仿真系统，具有开放性和可扩展性，并可实现基于Internet的跨平台交互式操作。本文提出了开发基于VRML数控加工仿真系统的实施方案，以VRML的三维虚拟现实场景作为仿真平台，以网络服务器系统作为信息交换的枢纽，通过互联网进行客户的远程异地协作完成数控加工过程的仿真。本文在VRML数控仿真系统的核心领域的研究中取得了一定的成果，主要内容有：
1 提出了基于特征造型的抽象细分法，描述仿真对象的几何模型，以VRML组件化编程技术支持通用仿真模型类型库，构造网络虚拟现实加工仿真环境的新颖思想，并以VRML混合编程技术编制出数控车削仿真软件模块。该模块具备一定的通用性和扩展性。在对四川大学工程训练中心实习工厂提供的零件加工数控程序进行仿真的实践中取得了比较满意的效果
2 在Windows操作系统和IIS平台上，利用ASP技术结合ADO数据访问技术建立起小型的企业网站服务器系统，作为数控程序编程用户和数控程序仿
论文摘要
真用户信息交互的枢纽和信息服务的平台。该系统实现技术简明、维护方便、
安全性较好。
3 研究基于VRML技术的数控仿真系统，该系统能够运行于Internet环境，
不依赖昂贵的CAD／CAM软件平台，并可以方便地实现企业间加工仿真信息的
网络共享和制造资源的集成整合，为提高制造企业的生产效率和加工水平，实
现制造企业信息化网络化，进而推动虚拟制造在我国的普及奠定坚实的基础。
With the speedy development of the computer and information technology,the Virtual Manufacturing (VM) technology has been substantial to the Advanced Manufacturing Technology (AMT). The process simulation of numerically controlled machine tool is the pivotal technology of VM,and also the intersection of the modern technology such as numerical control,simulation and virtual reality technology. Some advanced CAD/CAM/CAPP softwares have been provided the function of NC simulation,but the simulation software is still wanted that can simulate and display the process of NC immediately by parse the NC code. In our country,many manufacturing enterprises demand for the simulation software because the NC codes are still edited by the manner of pure handwork or half-handwork partially.
VRML has been intended to be the open standard of 3D interactive development environment of VR on Internet. The NC simulation system based on VRML is provided with open structure and fine expandability,the interactive operation of which is well adapted to different kinds of development environment based on Internet. This paper researches the executive plan of the NC simulation system based on VRML,which employ the 3D virtual reality scene of VRML as simulation
environment and employ the network server as transfer station of simulation information to fulfill the work of NC simulation by the long-distance cooperation of clients. This paper has meet with success in the key technology of the NC simulation and the main content as follows.-
The instance is the NC code of G-CNC6135 numerically controlled machine tool that belongs to Engineering Teaching Center of Sichuan University,and has acquired definite production through intense study. The content of the study is:
1 This paper bring forward the creative thinking of general classification for modeling based on features which can describe the geometrical model of work piece and building the universal model repository for the objects of NC simulation depended on the modules of VRML. Then the software module for NC simulation is acquired through edits the codes of VRML language commingled with JavaScript,which can display accurate and interactive animation of simulation for the process of turning. In the instance of the NC simulation for G-CNC6135 numerically controlled machine tool from Engineering Teaching Center of Sichuan University,the simulation software module takes effect well and bears good adaptability and expandability.
2 On the IIS of Windows operation system,we design the web service system for manufacturing enterprises in the miniature through the ASP and ADO technology,which is the transfer station and service desk of information for the client who edit the NC code and the client who carry our the simulating. The implementation technique of this web service system can easily be mastered and the system can be maintained conveniently and have good safety.
3 Study the NC simulation system based on VRML for Internet application,which needn't to rely on the expensive CAD/CAM software,and be able to achieve the share of machining simulation information and the integration of manufacturing resource conveniently between corporations and enterprises. Research and development on the simulation system can improve the production efficiency and processing capability of manufacturing enterprises,and make a firm foundation for
imformatization and modernization in the field of manufacturing.
引文
1 Wiendahl H P, Scholtissek P. Management and Control of Complexity in Manufacturing. Annals of the CIRP. 1994, 43(2)
2 曹岩，王宏等．虚拟制造及其关键技术．先进制造技术．1999，2
3 严隽琪，范秀敏，蒋祖华，马登哲，金烨．虚拟制造的理论与技术基础研究．中国机械工程．1999，9
4 ERKES JM, KENNYKB, LEWIS JW, SARACHANB D, SOBOLEWSKI M W, SUM R N. Implementing shared manufacturing services on the world-wide WEB[J]. Communications of the ACM, February 1996, 39(2)
5 HOU Honglun, SUN Shouqian, PAN Yunhe. Cyber-dsign and Cyber-manufacturing, In: Proceedings of 3rd International Conference on CAID&CD. 2000:400～405
6 姚珺，宁汝新等。基于Internet的虚拟制造技术研究．中国机械工程．2001，3
7 闫光荣，雷毅，李建国．CAD／CAM软件在虚拟制造中的应用与展望．计算机辅助设计与制造．1999，1
8 马永军，张曙．工程建设与设计．分散网络化制造信息与服务网络，1999，6
9 程涛，胡春华，吴波等．分布式网络化制造系统构想．中国机械工程1999，11
10 Computer Support for Cooperative Work. Edited by Rathy Spurr, Paul Layzell, Leslie Jennison and Neil Richards, John Wile&Son Ltd, 1994
11 KEVIN L MILLS, Introduction to the Electronic Symposium on Computer-supported Cooperative Work. ACM Computer Surveys. 1999, 31(2)
12 游华云，胡晓莉等．Internet／Intranet技术在制造业中新应用．机械电子学．1999，2
13 张建军，张利，刘光复，朱华炳。基于互联网的个性化制造系统总体构架研究．合肥工业大学学报．2000，8
14 Saleh KV. The distributed object computing paradigm: concepts and applications[J]. The Journal of Systems and Software, 1999, 6(2)2000, 4
15 万波．虚拟现实关键技术分析及其应用综述．高等函授学报(自然科学版)．2000，4
16 张茂军著．虚拟现实系统．北京：科学出版社，2001
17 吴家铸，党岗，刘华峰，程志全，阳明编著．视景仿真技术及应用．西安电子科技
大学出版社，2001
18 Tushar H Dani, etc. Creation of concept shape designs via a virtual reality interface. Computer-AidedDesignv. 1997, 82
19 周延佑．数控机床发展新趋势与我国相应的对策．机械工艺师．2001，2
20 张国彬，林亨，袁守华，王晓芳，严京滨．车削中心数控加工仿真系统程序检查．机械设计与制造．2001，3
21 肖田元，韩向利等．通用NC代翻译技术．系统仿真学报．1998，10(5)
22 http://www.vrml.org/Specifications/VRML97
23 Whitecarve J, C, Caeech R M, Reedy S, et alv. EIES2—A distributed architecture for supporting group work[R]. USA: New Jersey Institute of Technology, 1992
24 Andrew Wojdala. Challenges of Virtual Set Technology. IEEE Multimedia, 1998, 3
25 PAUL GIACONIA. Trends in NC Simulation[J]. Tooling&Production, 1996
26 Jaworski J. Mastering Javascript. Publishing House of Electronics Industry, 1997
27 Healy K J, Kilgore R A Silk: A Java-based Process Simulation Language. Proceedings of 1997 Winter Simulation Conference
28 王启义、葛严军等．基于虚拟制造的数控车削加工仿真技术．大连民族学院学报．2000，3
29 http://www.sgi.com/software/inventor/vrml/VRMLDesign.html.
30 赛博科技工：作室编著．VRML与Java编程技术．北京：人民邮电出版社．2001
31 Richard Anderson, Chris Blexrud etc. Professional Active Server Pages 3.0. 北京：机械工业出版社. 2000
32 Patrick Santry. Mitch Tulloch etc. Internet Information Services 5.0 清华大学出版社2000
33 马洪兵，张秋玲著．HTML语言与WEB站点开发技术．清华大学出版社．1998
34 刘荣忠主编．数控技术．成都科技大学出版社．1998
35 罗阳，梅筱琴，刘胜青．经济型闭环数控系统的插补方法．制造技术与机床．1999
36 刘晓彬．虚拟数控车床的研究与开发及数控系统的开放性研究．四川大学硕士学位论文．2001
37 李晓平．数控加工仿真系统的研究与开发。四川大学硕士学位论文．2000
38 庄成三，洪政，杨秋辉编著．数据库系统原理及应用．电子工业出版社．2000
39 周绪，韦文斌，曾波，姬彬编著．SQL Server7.0入门与提高．清华大学出版社．2000
40 王飞，王波，杨湘龙，冯允成．PC上虚拟现实仿真的实现．计算机工程．2000，8
41 Jaworski J. Mastering JavaScript. Publishing House of Electronics Industry, 1997
42 Healy K J, Kilgore R A. Silk: A Java-based Process Simulation Language. Proceeding of 1997 Winter Simulation Conference, 1997
43 张秀山，徐荣花编著，虚拟现实技术及编程技巧．国防科技大学出版社，1999
44 Yang Kejian, Liu Shuyan, Chen Dingfang, et al. Behavior-characteristic Modeling and Distributed View Scene Developing Environment. The 2nd International Conference on Computer-aided Industrial Design and Conceptual Design, 1999
2 曹岩，王宏等．虚拟制造及其关键技术．先进制造技术．1999，2
3 严隽琪，范秀敏，蒋祖华，马登哲，金烨．虚拟制造的理论与技术基础研究．中国机械工程．1999，9
4 ERKES JM, KENNYKB, LEWIS JW, SARACHANB D, SOBOLEWSKI M W, SUM R N. Implementing shared manufacturing services on the world-wide WEB[J]. Communications of the ACM, February 1996, 39(2)
5 HOU Honglun, SUN Shouqian, PAN Yunhe. Cyber-dsign and Cyber-manufacturing, In: Proceedings of 3rd International Conference on CAID&CD. 2000:400～405
6 姚珺，宁汝新等。基于Internet的虚拟制造技术研究．中国机械工程．2001，3
7 闫光荣，雷毅，李建国．CAD／CAM软件在虚拟制造中的应用与展望．计算机辅助设计与制造．1999，1
8 马永军，张曙．工程建设与设计．分散网络化制造信息与服务网络，1999，6
9 程涛，胡春华，吴波等．分布式网络化制造系统构想．中国机械工程1999，11
10 Computer Support for Cooperative Work. Edited by Rathy Spurr, Paul Layzell, Leslie Jennison and Neil Richards, John Wile&Son Ltd, 1994
11 KEVIN L MILLS, Introduction to the Electronic Symposium on Computer-supported Cooperative Work. ACM Computer Surveys. 1999, 31(2)
12 游华云，胡晓莉等．Internet／Intranet技术在制造业中新应用．机械电子学．1999，2
13 张建军，张利，刘光复，朱华炳。基于互联网的个性化制造系统总体构架研究．合肥工业大学学报．2000，8
14 Saleh KV. The distributed object computing paradigm: concepts and applications[J]. The Journal of Systems and Software, 1999, 6(2)2000, 4
15 万波．虚拟现实关键技术分析及其应用综述．高等函授学报(自然科学版)．2000，4
16 张茂军著．虚拟现实系统．北京：科学出版社，2001
17 吴家铸，党岗，刘华峰，程志全，阳明编著．视景仿真技术及应用．西安电子科技
大学出版社，2001
18 Tushar H Dani, etc. Creation of concept shape designs via a virtual reality interface. Computer-AidedDesignv. 1997, 82
19 周延佑．数控机床发展新趋势与我国相应的对策．机械工艺师．2001，2
20 张国彬，林亨，袁守华，王晓芳，严京滨．车削中心数控加工仿真系统程序检查．机械设计与制造．2001，3
21 肖田元，韩向利等．通用NC代翻译技术．系统仿真学报．1998，10(5)
22 http://www.vrml.org/Specifications/VRML97
23 Whitecarve J, C, Caeech R M, Reedy S, et alv. EIES2—A distributed architecture for supporting group work[R]. USA: New Jersey Institute of Technology, 1992
24 Andrew Wojdala. Challenges of Virtual Set Technology. IEEE Multimedia, 1998, 3
25 PAUL GIACONIA. Trends in NC Simulation[J]. Tooling&Production, 1996
26 Jaworski J. Mastering Javascript. Publishing House of Electronics Industry, 1997
27 Healy K J, Kilgore R A Silk: A Java-based Process Simulation Language. Proceedings of 1997 Winter Simulation Conference
28 王启义、葛严军等．基于虚拟制造的数控车削加工仿真技术．大连民族学院学报．2000，3
29 http://www.sgi.com/software/inventor/vrml/VRMLDesign.html.
30 赛博科技工：作室编著．VRML与Java编程技术．北京：人民邮电出版社．2001
31 Richard Anderson, Chris Blexrud etc. Professional Active Server Pages 3.0. 北京：机械工业出版社. 2000
32 Patrick Santry. Mitch Tulloch etc. Internet Information Services 5.0 清华大学出版社2000
33 马洪兵，张秋玲著．HTML语言与WEB站点开发技术．清华大学出版社．1998
34 刘荣忠主编．数控技术．成都科技大学出版社．1998
35 罗阳，梅筱琴，刘胜青．经济型闭环数控系统的插补方法．制造技术与机床．1999
36 刘晓彬．虚拟数控车床的研究与开发及数控系统的开放性研究．四川大学硕士学位论文．2001
37 李晓平．数控加工仿真系统的研究与开发。四川大学硕士学位论文．2000
38 庄成三，洪政，杨秋辉编著．数据库系统原理及应用．电子工业出版社．2000
39 周绪，韦文斌，曾波，姬彬编著．SQL Server7.0入门与提高．清华大学出版社．2000
40 王飞，王波，杨湘龙，冯允成．PC上虚拟现实仿真的实现．计算机工程．2000，8
41 Jaworski J. Mastering JavaScript. Publishing House of Electronics Industry, 1997
42 Healy K J, Kilgore R A. Silk: A Java-based Process Simulation Language. Proceeding of 1997 Winter Simulation Conference, 1997
43 张秀山，徐荣花编著，虚拟现实技术及编程技巧．国防科技大学出版社，1999
44 Yang Kejian, Liu Shuyan, Chen Dingfang, et al. Behavior-characteristic Modeling and Distributed View Scene Developing Environment. The 2nd International Conference on Computer-aided Industrial Design and Conceptual Design, 1999