开放式数控刻楦机及鞋楦CAD/CAM关键技术研究
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摘要
随着CAD/CAM技术在鞋楦制造业中的广泛应用,鞋楦的生产方式得到了极大的改变,鞋楦生产周期大大缩短,生产效率也有了很大提高。鞋楦数字化仿形加工作为一种有效的生产方式,它适应了鞋楦品种多、制造周期短的现代鞋楦生产的需要,是当前制楦业提高鞋楦生产效率的良好选择。
本文紧密结合浙江省2002年重大科技攻关项目“鞋楦CAD/CAM系统开发及数控刻楦机研制”,对鞋楦加工设备及其实现方法进行了应用性研究,在国内首次提出面向集成的新一代鞋楦数字化加工解决方案,构建了一个集测量、造型、加工于一体的应用系统,论文主要研究内容如下:
1.根据鞋楦加工特点,面向集成构建了以通用的激光三维扫描仪为测量工具,以开放式刻楦机数控系统进行控制,以先进的刻楦机机床本体为加工基础,以鞋楦CAD/CAM系统为核心的新一代鞋楦数字化加工解决方案。
2.利用激光三维扫描仪对样楦进行测量,基于小波变换对测量数据进行平滑和降噪处理,得到真实感较强的样楦测量数据,从而形成鞋楦数控加工模型。根据鞋楦数控加工原理,基于投影原理进行刀位轨迹计算,并进行精度评价,提出了误差控制策略。为检验鞋楦NC程序的正确性,应用虚拟切削法进行NC仿真验证。
3.以系统误差分析为理论依据,完成数控刻楦机总体设计;应用有限元技术的现代设计方法对系统重要零部件进行分析研究,从而确保了样机开发一次成功。
4.结合现代开放式的数控系统的设计理念,以通用的工业控制机为支撑平台,以国产GT400-SV多轴运动控制卡为运动控制核心,以∑—Ⅱ系列交流伺服电机作为驱动元件,构建了鞋楦的数控加工硬件平台。开发了面向鞋楦数控加工模型的鞋楦数控系统。
文中围绕鞋楦产品,提出了从数字化测量到加工一体化解决方案:首先是基于通用激光三维扫描仪完成对样楦测试,再通过软件得到数控加工刀轨数据,最后利用专门的数字化加工设备进行加工。是对现有专门的鞋楦测量设备的一次革命,大大降低鞋楦数控加工的硬件成本。系统的成功开发,对提高我国鞋楦数字化加工技术水平具有一定的现实意义。
With the rapid development of CAD/CAM technologies, many changes have been taken place in shoe-last making industry greatly. It has greatly improved the status of shoe last making, shorten the production cycle of shoe last and made the process more efficient. As an efficient machining method, NC copying machining has been a good choice to improve level of the shoe last making.This new machining method has satisfied with the need of modern shoe last manufacturing.Based on the project funded by Zhejiang Province Technology Foundation in 2002—"Development of Shoe Last CAD/CAM System and the Study on NC Machine Tool", the application design of shoe last manufacturing was carried on. The integrated solution project of shoe last numerical manufacture was first proposed interiorly, an application system integrated with measurement, construction and manufacture was built. Main contents of the thesis were presented as follows:1. A integrated solution project of shoe last numerical manufacture was proposed according to the manufacture characteristics of shoe last. In the project, last sample was measured with the general laser 3D scanner, cutting movement was on the control of the open NC shoe last machine tool system, a new shoe last machine tool was used as manufacture foundation, and a shoe last CAD/CAM System was developed as kernel.2. Shoe last sample was measured with laser 3D scanner, and wavelet transformation was used to smooth and denoise measurement data, then the processed data with the good third dimension were got, and the shoe last NC manufacturing model was obtained. Based shoe last NC manufacturing theory, the projection method were used to calculate cutter location, precision were evaluated, and error control strategy were presented. In order to examine the property of shoe last NC program, virtual reality cutting method was applied to verify and to simulate shoe last NC manufacturing.3. On the basis of system error analysis, the whole design of a new NC shoe last machine were completed; some modern design technologies, such as the optimization technology and the finite element method technology were applied to analyze the main parts of the system, It would make sure the successful development of the prototype machine.
4. Based on idea of modern design open NC system, used general industry control person computer as hardware , domestic GT400-SV multi-axis movement control card as control kernel, ￡— II series digital AC servo motor as driving components, the hardware platform of shoe last manufacturing were composed. The shoe last NC system was developed.For production of shoe last, from measurement early to manufacture finally, the integrated solution project of shoe last was proposed. First, shoe last sample was measured with general laser 3D scanner. Then, NC cutter location data were calculated by software. Last, the production were manufactured with the special equipment. This method would be a revolution for the old special shoe last measurement device. It will decrease the cost of hardware for the shoe last manufacturing. The successful development of the system will make great sense in prompting the development of domestic NC shoe last making machine.
本文紧密结合浙江省2002年重大科技攻关项目“鞋楦CAD/CAM系统开发及数控刻楦机研制”,对鞋楦加工设备及其实现方法进行了应用性研究,在国内首次提出面向集成的新一代鞋楦数字化加工解决方案,构建了一个集测量、造型、加工于一体的应用系统,论文主要研究内容如下:
1.根据鞋楦加工特点,面向集成构建了以通用的激光三维扫描仪为测量工具,以开放式刻楦机数控系统进行控制,以先进的刻楦机机床本体为加工基础,以鞋楦CAD/CAM系统为核心的新一代鞋楦数字化加工解决方案。
2.利用激光三维扫描仪对样楦进行测量,基于小波变换对测量数据进行平滑和降噪处理,得到真实感较强的样楦测量数据,从而形成鞋楦数控加工模型。根据鞋楦数控加工原理,基于投影原理进行刀位轨迹计算,并进行精度评价,提出了误差控制策略。为检验鞋楦NC程序的正确性,应用虚拟切削法进行NC仿真验证。
3.以系统误差分析为理论依据,完成数控刻楦机总体设计;应用有限元技术的现代设计方法对系统重要零部件进行分析研究,从而确保了样机开发一次成功。
4.结合现代开放式的数控系统的设计理念,以通用的工业控制机为支撑平台,以国产GT400-SV多轴运动控制卡为运动控制核心,以∑—Ⅱ系列交流伺服电机作为驱动元件,构建了鞋楦的数控加工硬件平台。开发了面向鞋楦数控加工模型的鞋楦数控系统。
文中围绕鞋楦产品,提出了从数字化测量到加工一体化解决方案:首先是基于通用激光三维扫描仪完成对样楦测试,再通过软件得到数控加工刀轨数据,最后利用专门的数字化加工设备进行加工。是对现有专门的鞋楦测量设备的一次革命,大大降低鞋楦数控加工的硬件成本。系统的成功开发,对提高我国鞋楦数字化加工技术水平具有一定的现实意义。
With the rapid development of CAD/CAM technologies, many changes have been taken place in shoe-last making industry greatly. It has greatly improved the status of shoe last making, shorten the production cycle of shoe last and made the process more efficient. As an efficient machining method, NC copying machining has been a good choice to improve level of the shoe last making.This new machining method has satisfied with the need of modern shoe last manufacturing.Based on the project funded by Zhejiang Province Technology Foundation in 2002—"Development of Shoe Last CAD/CAM System and the Study on NC Machine Tool", the application design of shoe last manufacturing was carried on. The integrated solution project of shoe last numerical manufacture was first proposed interiorly, an application system integrated with measurement, construction and manufacture was built. Main contents of the thesis were presented as follows:1. A integrated solution project of shoe last numerical manufacture was proposed according to the manufacture characteristics of shoe last. In the project, last sample was measured with the general laser 3D scanner, cutting movement was on the control of the open NC shoe last machine tool system, a new shoe last machine tool was used as manufacture foundation, and a shoe last CAD/CAM System was developed as kernel.2. Shoe last sample was measured with laser 3D scanner, and wavelet transformation was used to smooth and denoise measurement data, then the processed data with the good third dimension were got, and the shoe last NC manufacturing model was obtained. Based shoe last NC manufacturing theory, the projection method were used to calculate cutter location, precision were evaluated, and error control strategy were presented. In order to examine the property of shoe last NC program, virtual reality cutting method was applied to verify and to simulate shoe last NC manufacturing.3. On the basis of system error analysis, the whole design of a new NC shoe last machine were completed; some modern design technologies, such as the optimization technology and the finite element method technology were applied to analyze the main parts of the system, It would make sure the successful development of the prototype machine.
4. Based on idea of modern design open NC system, used general industry control person computer as hardware , domestic GT400-SV multi-axis movement control card as control kernel, ￡— II series digital AC servo motor as driving components, the hardware platform of shoe last manufacturing were composed. The shoe last NC system was developed.For production of shoe last, from measurement early to manufacture finally, the integrated solution project of shoe last was proposed. First, shoe last sample was measured with general laser 3D scanner. Then, NC cutter location data were calculated by software. Last, the production were manufactured with the special equipment. This method would be a revolution for the old special shoe last measurement device. It will decrease the cost of hardware for the shoe last manufacturing. The successful development of the system will make great sense in prompting the development of domestic NC shoe last making machine.
引文
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