峨眉山大火成岩省无矿基性超基性岩体与含矿岩体对比研究
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摘要
基性超基性岩体是峨眉山大火成岩省的重要组成部分。本次研究主要对峨眉山大火成岩省中的漏邑、上邑、五坡胆、下邑和茨达五个无矿基性超基性岩体进行了锆石U-Pb年龄、地球化学和Sr-Nd同位素研究。这5个岩体形成于晚二叠世-早三叠世。除茨达基性岩体外，其他4个岩体均无中酸性岩体相伴生。岩体岩性均一，体积较小，均侵位于寒武纪之后的古生代地层中。漏邑、上邑、五坡胆和茨达岩体具有较低的轻重稀土分异（(La/Yb)N=3.40-7.68），而下邑岩体表现出较高程度的轻重稀土分异（(La/Yb)N=11.61-12.94）。所有的岩石都无明显的δEu异常，漏邑、上邑、五坡胆和下邑基性超基性岩体具有较低的εNd(t)值（3.0到1.9）和(87Sr/86Sr)i值(0.7057–0.7074)。茨达复式岩体的εNd(t)和(87Sr/86Sr)i变化不大。酸性端元岩石的εNd(t)为0.18，初始87Sr/86Sr比值为0.704345；基性端元岩石的εNd(t)为0.32-2.23(其中有一个样品的εNd(t)为-0.22)，初始87Sr/86Sr为0.704777-0.706432；中性岩石的εNd(t)和(87Sr/86Sr)i分别为-0.05到0.17、0.704580-0.705436。所有样品的Sr-Nd同位素组分与峨眉山玄武岩类似。上邑、五坡胆和漏邑岩体具有较高的单斜辉石平衡温度（约1300℃~1400℃），如此高的温度可能与地幔柱作用有关。虽然下邑岩体的单斜辉石平衡温度较低（约1200℃），但其具有与OIB极其相似的微量元素配分模式，同样表明其具有地幔柱相关的成因特征。上邑、漏邑和五坡胆样品具有Nb、Ta、Ti负异常，富集大离子亲石元素Rb、Ba、K，表明源区具有俯冲相关物质或岩石圈地幔物质加入。漏邑、上邑和五坡胆岩体起源于地幔柱源区，并有俯冲流体交代的岩石圈地幔物质加入；而下邑岩体形成于地幔柱源区，且有岩石圈地幔物质的加入。茨达基性端元岩石起源于地幔柱源区，并有岩石圈地幔物质的加入；而酸性端元岩石起源于年轻玄武质下地壳的部分熔融，中性岩石则由超基性岩浆演化到玄武质时和酸性端元岩浆发生岩浆混合而成。本文对5个无矿基性超基性岩体与峨眉山大火成中的含矿基性超基性岩体的地质特征、母岩浆性质、部分熔融程度、地壳混染程度、岩浆演化程度等进行了对比，从而得出他们之间的差异，为类似矿床的成矿潜力评价提供指标，并对5个无矿基性超基性岩体进行了成矿潜力评价。
Mafic-ultramafic layered intrusions constitute important components in the westernpart of the Emeishan large igneous province (ELIP) in SW China. Here we presentzircon U-Pb geochronology, geochemistry and Sr-Nd isotopic data from fiverepresentative barren mafic-ultramafic intrusions in Wupodan, Shangyi, Louyi，Xiayiand Cida. The LA-ICP-MS U-Pb zircon dating shows that Cida mafic-ultramaficrocks and the syentitic rocks were almost coevally formed (243.8±0.8Ma and240.2±0.8Ma). These age data possibly represent the end phase of the Emeishan LIPmagmatism. The other four intrusions were emplaced during the Late Permian,coeval with the formation of Emeishan flood basalts and associated mineralizedintrusions. All intrusions exhibit mineralogical homogeneity and small volume. Withthe exception of Cida mafic-ultramafic intrusion, the other four intrusions are notassociated with intermediate-felsic plutons and were emplaced into the Middle-latePaleozoic strata. Chondrite-normalized REE patterns of Louyi, Shangyi, Wupodanand Cida intrusions exhibit moderately fractionated patterns with (La/Yb)Nof3.40–7.68, whereas the Xiayi intrusion shows pronounced LREE enrichment with(La/Yb)Nof11.61–12.94. Samples from the five intrusions lack any significant Euanomalies. Louyi, Shangyi, Wupodan and Xiayi intrusions have low εNd(t) values of3.0to1.9and variable initial87Sr/86Sr ratios of0.7057–0.7074. Cida complexdisplays variable εNd(t) and (87Sr/86Sr)i, e.g., the mafic-ultramafic unit has low initial87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7048to0.7064), positive εNd(t)(0.32to2.23, with one exception of0.22), the felsic unit shows lower initial87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7043) and positive εNd(t)(0.18), and the intermediate unit possess εNd(t) of0.05–0.17and (87Sr/86Sr)iof0.704580–0.705436. All of these Sr-Nd isotopic compositions overlap with the fielddefined by Permian Emeishan basalts. Clinopyroxenes from the SY, WPD and LYintrusions show relative high equilibrium temperatures ranging from~1300℃to~1400℃, which can be regarded as a signature of plume-related origin. Although theXY clinopyroxenes exhibit a relatively low equilibrium temperature (~1200℃), theclose affinity with OIB suggest a plume-related origin. Thus, these intrusions appear to be part of the ELIP. These features, combined with moderate to pronounceddepletion of HFSE (e.g. Nb, Ta and Ti) and enrichment of LILE (e.g. Rb, Ba, K),correlate the Louyi, Shangyi and Wupodan intrusions to the interaction betweenmantle plume and subcontinental lithospheric mantle that had been previouslymodified by subducted-related materials. In contrast, the Xiayi intrusion was derivedfrom the plume source contaminated by subcontinental lithospheric mantle. The Cidamafic-ultramafic unit was derived from plume-head, with the involvement ofconsiderable amounts of enriched subcontinental lithospheric mantle (SCLM); thefelsic unit orignated from the partial melting of juvenile basic materials beneath theYangtze Block; whereas the intermediate unit was resulted from magma mixingbetween the felsic magma and basaltic magma evolved from the parentalmafic-ultramafic magma. We also attempt a comparison between the unmineralizedand mineralized intrusions in terms of their geologic features, parental magma, thedegree of fractionation crystallization, degrees of partial melting of source rocks andthe extent of crustal contamination. Some geochemical criteria that may be useful indiscriminating between mineralized and unmineralized mafic-ultramafic intrusions aresummarized, and insights into the ore potential of the five barren intrusions are given.
Mafic-ultramafic layered intrusions constitute important components in the westernpart of the Emeishan large igneous province (ELIP) in SW China. Here we presentzircon U-Pb geochronology, geochemistry and Sr-Nd isotopic data from fiverepresentative barren mafic-ultramafic intrusions in Wupodan, Shangyi, Louyi，Xiayiand Cida. The LA-ICP-MS U-Pb zircon dating shows that Cida mafic-ultramaficrocks and the syentitic rocks were almost coevally formed (243.8±0.8Ma and240.2±0.8Ma). These age data possibly represent the end phase of the Emeishan LIPmagmatism. The other four intrusions were emplaced during the Late Permian,coeval with the formation of Emeishan flood basalts and associated mineralizedintrusions. All intrusions exhibit mineralogical homogeneity and small volume. Withthe exception of Cida mafic-ultramafic intrusion, the other four intrusions are notassociated with intermediate-felsic plutons and were emplaced into the Middle-latePaleozoic strata. Chondrite-normalized REE patterns of Louyi, Shangyi, Wupodanand Cida intrusions exhibit moderately fractionated patterns with (La/Yb)Nof3.40–7.68, whereas the Xiayi intrusion shows pronounced LREE enrichment with(La/Yb)Nof11.61–12.94. Samples from the five intrusions lack any significant Euanomalies. Louyi, Shangyi, Wupodan and Xiayi intrusions have low εNd(t) values of3.0to1.9and variable initial87Sr/86Sr ratios of0.7057–0.7074. Cida complexdisplays variable εNd(t) and (87Sr/86Sr)i, e.g., the mafic-ultramafic unit has low initial87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7048to0.7064), positive εNd(t)(0.32to2.23, with one exception of0.22), the felsic unit shows lower initial87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7043) and positive εNd(t)(0.18), and the intermediate unit possess εNd(t) of0.05–0.17and (87Sr/86Sr)iof0.704580–0.705436. All of these Sr-Nd isotopic compositions overlap with the fielddefined by Permian Emeishan basalts. Clinopyroxenes from the SY, WPD and LYintrusions show relative high equilibrium temperatures ranging from~1300℃to~1400℃, which can be regarded as a signature of plume-related origin. Although theXY clinopyroxenes exhibit a relatively low equilibrium temperature (~1200℃), theclose affinity with OIB suggest a plume-related origin. Thus, these intrusions appear to be part of the ELIP. These features, combined with moderate to pronounceddepletion of HFSE (e.g. Nb, Ta and Ti) and enrichment of LILE (e.g. Rb, Ba, K),correlate the Louyi, Shangyi and Wupodan intrusions to the interaction betweenmantle plume and subcontinental lithospheric mantle that had been previouslymodified by subducted-related materials. In contrast, the Xiayi intrusion was derivedfrom the plume source contaminated by subcontinental lithospheric mantle. The Cidamafic-ultramafic unit was derived from plume-head, with the involvement ofconsiderable amounts of enriched subcontinental lithospheric mantle (SCLM); thefelsic unit orignated from the partial melting of juvenile basic materials beneath theYangtze Block; whereas the intermediate unit was resulted from magma mixingbetween the felsic magma and basaltic magma evolved from the parentalmafic-ultramafic magma. We also attempt a comparison between the unmineralizedand mineralized intrusions in terms of their geologic features, parental magma, thedegree of fractionation crystallization, degrees of partial melting of source rocks andthe extent of crustal contamination. Some geochemical criteria that may be useful indiscriminating between mineralized and unmineralized mafic-ultramafic intrusions aresummarized, and insights into the ore potential of the five barren intrusions are given.
引文
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