某地波超视距雷达全固态发射机的设计
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摘要
结合某科研项目,研究高频地波雷达全固态发射机相关的问题。
本文首先简单介绍了功率管放大器的工作状态、输入输出阻抗特性及各种阻抗匹配网络的设计;讨论了功率管放大器电路的稳定性、最大增益和输出功率等问题;利用功率放大器的CAD仿真软件ADS对高频地波雷达发射机放大电路进行优化设计。根据雷达系统要求,研究固态发射机的组成,完成了600W全固态发射机各级功放电路的设计和调试,对末级功放电路进行优化设计与仿真,同时对发射机进行了散热设计。研究了2KW功放模块的设计方案,并利用小信号S参数设计法设计了第二级功放电路,对其进行了ADS仿真和电路优化。论文还设计了基于CPLD的发射机控制保护电路,可以对射频输入、驻波、电压和温度等状态信息进行检测和保护发射机。该发射机已应用于某雷达试验系统,并取得了较好的试验结果。
Combined with some scientific research project, this paper studies the problems related to the full solid-state transmitter used in a kind of HF ground wave radar.
Firstly, this paper introduces the operational state of the power amplifier, the input and output impedance characteristic and the design of impedance matching networks. The stabilization, maximum gain and output power of the power tube amplifier is also discussed. And the circuit optimization utilizing the CAD software ADS is formulated. Based on the requirement of the radar system, this paper presents the structure of solid-state transmitter, and the power-amplifying circuits at each stage for the 600W solid-state transmitter are designed and debugged. An analysis is made of the design optimization and simulation for the final power amplifier circuit. Meanwhile, the study on heat dissipation of power amplifier is performed. A design scheme of the 2KW power amplifier module is presented. The circuit of the second stage power amplifier is designed by using the method of small-signal S parameters as well as simulated and optimized using the ADS software. At last, the control system with CPLD is designed, which can detect the input of RF, standing wave, voltage and temperature and protect the transmitter. The transmitter designed has been successfully applied to the experimental system for a type of HF ground wave radar with satisfying results.
本文首先简单介绍了功率管放大器的工作状态、输入输出阻抗特性及各种阻抗匹配网络的设计;讨论了功率管放大器电路的稳定性、最大增益和输出功率等问题;利用功率放大器的CAD仿真软件ADS对高频地波雷达发射机放大电路进行优化设计。根据雷达系统要求,研究固态发射机的组成,完成了600W全固态发射机各级功放电路的设计和调试,对末级功放电路进行优化设计与仿真,同时对发射机进行了散热设计。研究了2KW功放模块的设计方案,并利用小信号S参数设计法设计了第二级功放电路,对其进行了ADS仿真和电路优化。论文还设计了基于CPLD的发射机控制保护电路,可以对射频输入、驻波、电压和温度等状态信息进行检测和保护发射机。该发射机已应用于某雷达试验系统,并取得了较好的试验结果。
Combined with some scientific research project, this paper studies the problems related to the full solid-state transmitter used in a kind of HF ground wave radar.
Firstly, this paper introduces the operational state of the power amplifier, the input and output impedance characteristic and the design of impedance matching networks. The stabilization, maximum gain and output power of the power tube amplifier is also discussed. And the circuit optimization utilizing the CAD software ADS is formulated. Based on the requirement of the radar system, this paper presents the structure of solid-state transmitter, and the power-amplifying circuits at each stage for the 600W solid-state transmitter are designed and debugged. An analysis is made of the design optimization and simulation for the final power amplifier circuit. Meanwhile, the study on heat dissipation of power amplifier is performed. A design scheme of the 2KW power amplifier module is presented. The circuit of the second stage power amplifier is designed by using the method of small-signal S parameters as well as simulated and optimized using the ADS software. At last, the control system with CPLD is designed, which can detect the input of RF, standing wave, voltage and temperature and protect the transmitter. The transmitter designed has been successfully applied to the experimental system for a type of HF ground wave radar with satisfying results.
引文
[1]丁鹭飞,张平,雷达系统,西安:西北电讯工程学院出版社,1984.
[2]丁鹭飞,雷达原理,西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,2000.
[3]舰载无源综合脉冲/孔径雷达技术总体方案,西安电子科技大学电子工程研究所,2002.
[4] Reinhold Ludwig, Pavel Bretchko. RF circuit design: theory and applications. Proc. Upper Saddle River: Prentice Hall, 2000.
[5] Guillermo Gonzalez. Microwave transistor amplifiers: analysis and design. Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Prentice Hall, 1997.
[6] Inder Bahl, Prakash Bhartia. Microwave Solid State Circuit Design, Second Edition. John wiley & Sons Inc, 2003.
[7]郑新,李文辉,潘厚忠.雷达发射机技术.北京:电子工业出版社,2006.
[8]张秋. DVB_T数字电视发射机功率放大器的设计.上海交通大学硕士论文,2004.
[9] Motorala Semiconductor Technical Data–RF Power Field Effect Transistor N—Channel Enhancement Model. Motorola Inc.1997
[10]陈邦媛.射频通信电路.北京:科学出版社2002.
[11] Michael Hanczor, Mahesh Kumar. 12-kW S-Band Solid-state Transmitter for Modern Radar Systems. IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques. Vol. 41. No. 12. December 1993, p2237~2242.
[12] D.D. Crombie. Doppler Spectrum of Sea Echo at 13.6Mc/s. Nature. 1955, 175:681~683.
[13] Jed Rice. LDMOS Linearity and Reliability. Microwave Journal, 2002(6).
[14]周进青.某地波雷达天线和发射机的方案设计与测试.西安电子科技大学硕士论文,2006.
[15] Motorala Semiconductor Application Note: Impedance Matching Networks Applied To RF Power Transistors. Motorola Inc.1993.
[16] Wojtasiak. W, Gryglewski. D, Morawski. T, et al. A 300W S-band solid-state transmitter. MIKON-2002. 14th International Conference on Microwaves, Radar and Wireless Communications, Vol.1, 20-22 May 2002, p263– 266.
[17] Zhengxin, Liu Yongning. Full solid state transmitter system for S band active phased array radar. 2001 CIE International Conference on Radar, 15-18 Oct. 2001,p889– 892.
[18] Topliss R.J, Maclean A.B, Wade S.H, et al. Reduction of interference by high power HF radar transmitters. IEE Seventh International Conference on HF Radio Systems and Techniques (Conf. Publ. No. 441). 7-10 July 1997, p251– 255.
[19] Smith C.R, Armstrong C.M, Duthie J. The microwave power module: a versatile RF building block for high-power transmitters. Proceedings of the IEEE, Vol.87, No 5, May 1999, p717– 737.
[20] Agee F.J, Baum C.E, Prather W.D, et al. Ultra-wideband transmitter research. IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science. Vol.26, No 3, June 1998, p860– 873.
[21] Harvey J, Brown E.R, Rutledge D.B, et al. Spatial power combining for high-power transmitters. IEEE Microwave Magazine. Vol.1, No 4, Dec. 2000, p48– 59.
[22]范寿康,卢春兰,李平辉.微波技术与微波电路.北京:机械工业出版社,2003.6.
[23]杨贤松.用ADS进行宽带微波功放的仿真设计.通信对抗,2006, No1,55～57.
[24]蔡钟斌,周邦华.基于ADS的MESFET功率放大器设计.遥测遥控,2004.5,44～46.
[25]杨刚,龙海燕.现代电子技术—VHDL与数字系统设计.北京:电子工业出版社,2004.
[26]郑建彬,孟庆鼐,魏启辅.微波功率放大器的小信号S参数设计方法.合肥工业大学学报(自然科学版),Vol.28. No.6. Jun.2005, p588~591.
[27]黄应东. L波段3kW固态功放组件的设计.电子工程. 2004年第4期,12～16.
[28]石振华,陈琪,文必洋等.固态发射机散热系统的设计.武汉大学学报(自然科学版),1999.49(3) 377～380.
[29]杨军.基于CPLD的机载小型化控制与保护.电子技术应用,2003,29(1).
[30]王强.组件内BITE模块电路的设计.现代雷达,2004,26(8):52～54.
[31]孔凤香.雷达发射机的控制和保护电路.舰船电子对抗,2002,25(3):26～29.
[32]胡蓓. CPLD在发射机控制保护系统中的应用.电源技术应用,2004.9.
[33] Chang Kai. Microwave solid-state circuits and applications. New York : Wiley, 1994.
[34] Andrei Grebennikov. RF and microwave power amplifier design. New York : McGraw-Hill, c2005.
[35] Stephen A, Maas. The RF and microwave circuit design cookbook. Boston, MA : Artech House, 1998.
[2]丁鹭飞,雷达原理,西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,2000.
[3]舰载无源综合脉冲/孔径雷达技术总体方案,西安电子科技大学电子工程研究所,2002.
[4] Reinhold Ludwig, Pavel Bretchko. RF circuit design: theory and applications. Proc. Upper Saddle River: Prentice Hall, 2000.
[5] Guillermo Gonzalez. Microwave transistor amplifiers: analysis and design. Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Prentice Hall, 1997.
[6] Inder Bahl, Prakash Bhartia. Microwave Solid State Circuit Design, Second Edition. John wiley & Sons Inc, 2003.
[7]郑新,李文辉,潘厚忠.雷达发射机技术.北京:电子工业出版社,2006.
[8]张秋. DVB_T数字电视发射机功率放大器的设计.上海交通大学硕士论文,2004.
[9] Motorala Semiconductor Technical Data–RF Power Field Effect Transistor N—Channel Enhancement Model. Motorola Inc.1997
[10]陈邦媛.射频通信电路.北京:科学出版社2002.
[11] Michael Hanczor, Mahesh Kumar. 12-kW S-Band Solid-state Transmitter for Modern Radar Systems. IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques. Vol. 41. No. 12. December 1993, p2237~2242.
[12] D.D. Crombie. Doppler Spectrum of Sea Echo at 13.6Mc/s. Nature. 1955, 175:681~683.
[13] Jed Rice. LDMOS Linearity and Reliability. Microwave Journal, 2002(6).
[14]周进青.某地波雷达天线和发射机的方案设计与测试.西安电子科技大学硕士论文,2006.
[15] Motorala Semiconductor Application Note: Impedance Matching Networks Applied To RF Power Transistors. Motorola Inc.1993.
[16] Wojtasiak. W, Gryglewski. D, Morawski. T, et al. A 300W S-band solid-state transmitter. MIKON-2002. 14th International Conference on Microwaves, Radar and Wireless Communications, Vol.1, 20-22 May 2002, p263– 266.
[17] Zhengxin, Liu Yongning. Full solid state transmitter system for S band active phased array radar. 2001 CIE International Conference on Radar, 15-18 Oct. 2001,p889– 892.
[18] Topliss R.J, Maclean A.B, Wade S.H, et al. Reduction of interference by high power HF radar transmitters. IEE Seventh International Conference on HF Radio Systems and Techniques (Conf. Publ. No. 441). 7-10 July 1997, p251– 255.
[19] Smith C.R, Armstrong C.M, Duthie J. The microwave power module: a versatile RF building block for high-power transmitters. Proceedings of the IEEE, Vol.87, No 5, May 1999, p717– 737.
[20] Agee F.J, Baum C.E, Prather W.D, et al. Ultra-wideband transmitter research. IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science. Vol.26, No 3, June 1998, p860– 873.
[21] Harvey J, Brown E.R, Rutledge D.B, et al. Spatial power combining for high-power transmitters. IEEE Microwave Magazine. Vol.1, No 4, Dec. 2000, p48– 59.
[22]范寿康,卢春兰,李平辉.微波技术与微波电路.北京:机械工业出版社,2003.6.
[23]杨贤松.用ADS进行宽带微波功放的仿真设计.通信对抗,2006, No1,55～57.
[24]蔡钟斌,周邦华.基于ADS的MESFET功率放大器设计.遥测遥控,2004.5,44～46.
[25]杨刚,龙海燕.现代电子技术—VHDL与数字系统设计.北京:电子工业出版社,2004.
[26]郑建彬,孟庆鼐,魏启辅.微波功率放大器的小信号S参数设计方法.合肥工业大学学报(自然科学版),Vol.28. No.6. Jun.2005, p588~591.
[27]黄应东. L波段3kW固态功放组件的设计.电子工程. 2004年第4期,12～16.
[28]石振华,陈琪,文必洋等.固态发射机散热系统的设计.武汉大学学报(自然科学版),1999.49(3) 377～380.
[29]杨军.基于CPLD的机载小型化控制与保护.电子技术应用,2003,29(1).
[30]王强.组件内BITE模块电路的设计.现代雷达,2004,26(8):52～54.
[31]孔凤香.雷达发射机的控制和保护电路.舰船电子对抗,2002,25(3):26～29.
[32]胡蓓. CPLD在发射机控制保护系统中的应用.电源技术应用,2004.9.
[33] Chang Kai. Microwave solid-state circuits and applications. New York : Wiley, 1994.
[34] Andrei Grebennikov. RF and microwave power amplifier design. New York : McGraw-Hill, c2005.
[35] Stephen A, Maas. The RF and microwave circuit design cookbook. Boston, MA : Artech House, 1998.