产业集群的成长和演化机理研究
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摘要
随着改革开放的逐步深入，中国逐步融入世界产业分工，政府主导下的经济建设也有意和无意地制造一些产业集群，尽管取得巨大成绩，但中国的产业集群的发展还处在初级阶段。与此同时，产业集群也正成为学术界和政策制订定者特别关注的热点，他们努力希望从历史遗留下的点滴中发现其内在的奥秘，但远远还没有达到学术界和地方政策操作层面的期望。本文基于现有研究基础上，综合运用新兴古典经济学、生命周期理论、演化经济学、可持续发展等理论，对产业集群的成长及演化进行深入分析和探索，研究内容及结论主要体现在以下几个方面：
1、运用新兴古典经济学的思想方法，分析了交易成本在产业集群形成中的关键作用，交易成本和距离与知识传播之间的关系，分工在促进共生形和互补型产业集群形成中的内在过程，通过分析产业集群的边界和动态变化，揭示了促进产业集群横向空间和纵向动态扩展的机理
2、从演化经济学的角度出发，界定了产业集群生命周期内涵，分析了产业集群生命周期和产品生命周期的差异，分析和总结了三种不同类型产业集群生命周期阶段的特征，最后探讨了产业集群在生命周期各个阶段的风险。
3、分析和界定了产业集群核心竞争力的内涵，总结了产业集群核心竞争力和企业集团竞争力之间的区别和联系，通过对核心竞争力的溯源，论证了整合性知识在产业集群竞争力的重要地位，最后分析了产业集群核心竞争力的生命周期、演化路径和演化机制。
4、分析产业集群创新的内涵及其特征，从三个层次确定了产业集群的创新范畴及其可持续发展的内在动力，分析和探讨了产业集群内部创新的合作和竞争和激励机制。文章最后从可持续发展的角度提出了产业集群发展的创新路径和政策建议。
With the deeply reforming, it is great tendency that China economy is one of the most important parts in world economy, some industry clusters made by government consciously or unconsciously during this process. Although we have achieved some satisfied result, we must recognize clearly that we are in the way. At the same time, industry cluster is becoming the most interesting subject among researchers and policy-makers, who is very interesting in finding the secret behind the industry cluster shaping during this process, but which is far away the expectation in academic field and also policy-maker. Based on the present results, this paper intended to the shaping and evolving of industry cluster with the basis of neo-classic economic, lifecycle theory, evolvement economic and sustainable development theory, the main content and result as follows:
Firstly, this paper analyzed the key function of transaction cost to the shaping of industry clusters, the relationship between transaction cost with instance and knowledge transferring, and the inherent process of labor division to the shaping of two main type industry clusters. With the analysis of changing in broad, the horizontal and vertical extension mechanism of industry is promoted and opened out.
Secondly, with the basis of evolvement economic, the definition of industry clusters is analyzed and formed, and the difference between industry cluster and enterprise group is analyzed and summarized, and also the characters of three different type industry clusters. The risk of industry is analyzed during the different phases in lifecycles.
Thirdly, the definition of industry clusters core competence is analyzed and formed, and also the characters, difference between industry cluster and enterprise group. With the analyzing of the origin of core competence in industry clusters, the importance and characters of integrated knowledge in industry cluster is demonstrated. Based on the above, the lifecycle, evolvement route, and mechanism of core competence in industry clusters is analyzed and summarized.
Lastly, the definitions and characters of industry cluster innovation and sustainable development are analyzed and formed, the dynamitic of sustainable development and the framework of industry cluster innovation are analyzed and formed. The competent and cooperation and encourage mechanism are also discussed and analyzed. Some policy and route suggestion are put forward too.
1、运用新兴古典经济学的思想方法，分析了交易成本在产业集群形成中的关键作用，交易成本和距离与知识传播之间的关系，分工在促进共生形和互补型产业集群形成中的内在过程，通过分析产业集群的边界和动态变化，揭示了促进产业集群横向空间和纵向动态扩展的机理
2、从演化经济学的角度出发，界定了产业集群生命周期内涵，分析了产业集群生命周期和产品生命周期的差异，分析和总结了三种不同类型产业集群生命周期阶段的特征，最后探讨了产业集群在生命周期各个阶段的风险。
3、分析和界定了产业集群核心竞争力的内涵，总结了产业集群核心竞争力和企业集团竞争力之间的区别和联系，通过对核心竞争力的溯源，论证了整合性知识在产业集群竞争力的重要地位，最后分析了产业集群核心竞争力的生命周期、演化路径和演化机制。
4、分析产业集群创新的内涵及其特征，从三个层次确定了产业集群的创新范畴及其可持续发展的内在动力，分析和探讨了产业集群内部创新的合作和竞争和激励机制。文章最后从可持续发展的角度提出了产业集群发展的创新路径和政策建议。
With the deeply reforming, it is great tendency that China economy is one of the most important parts in world economy, some industry clusters made by government consciously or unconsciously during this process. Although we have achieved some satisfied result, we must recognize clearly that we are in the way. At the same time, industry cluster is becoming the most interesting subject among researchers and policy-makers, who is very interesting in finding the secret behind the industry cluster shaping during this process, but which is far away the expectation in academic field and also policy-maker. Based on the present results, this paper intended to the shaping and evolving of industry cluster with the basis of neo-classic economic, lifecycle theory, evolvement economic and sustainable development theory, the main content and result as follows:
Firstly, this paper analyzed the key function of transaction cost to the shaping of industry clusters, the relationship between transaction cost with instance and knowledge transferring, and the inherent process of labor division to the shaping of two main type industry clusters. With the analysis of changing in broad, the horizontal and vertical extension mechanism of industry is promoted and opened out.
Secondly, with the basis of evolvement economic, the definition of industry clusters is analyzed and formed, and the difference between industry cluster and enterprise group is analyzed and summarized, and also the characters of three different type industry clusters. The risk of industry is analyzed during the different phases in lifecycles.
Thirdly, the definition of industry clusters core competence is analyzed and formed, and also the characters, difference between industry cluster and enterprise group. With the analyzing of the origin of core competence in industry clusters, the importance and characters of integrated knowledge in industry cluster is demonstrated. Based on the above, the lifecycle, evolvement route, and mechanism of core competence in industry clusters is analyzed and summarized.
Lastly, the definitions and characters of industry cluster innovation and sustainable development are analyzed and formed, the dynamitic of sustainable development and the framework of industry cluster innovation are analyzed and formed. The competent and cooperation and encourage mechanism are also discussed and analyzed. Some policy and route suggestion are put forward too.
引文
1 余园园，徐金发．从产业集群的发展周期看产业空洞化．经济论坛．2006(13)
2 储小平．李桦．中小企业集群理论研究述评．学术研究．2002(5)
1 朱英明．产业集聚研究述评．经济评论．2003(3)
2 倪鹏飞主编．2005年中国城市竞争力报告：产业集群调查报告—浮现的龙脉．2005
1 倪鹏飞主编．2005年中国城市竞争力报告：产业集群调查报告—浮现的龙脉．2005
1 倪鹏飞主编．2005年中国城市竞争力报告．2005
1 数据来源：各地统计年鉴和统计局网站及统计发布公告
2 倪鹏飞主编．2005年中国城市竞争力报告．2005
3 数据来源：各地统计年鉴和统计局网站
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2 储小平．李桦．中小企业集群理论研究述评．学术研究．2002(5)
1 朱英明．产业集聚研究述评．经济评论．2003(3)
2 倪鹏飞主编．2005年中国城市竞争力报告：产业集群调查报告—浮现的龙脉．2005
1 倪鹏飞主编．2005年中国城市竞争力报告：产业集群调查报告—浮现的龙脉．2005
1 倪鹏飞主编．2005年中国城市竞争力报告．2005
1 数据来源：各地统计年鉴和统计局网站及统计发布公告
2 倪鹏飞主编．2005年中国城市竞争力报告．2005
3 数据来源：各地统计年鉴和统计局网站
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